scholarly journals Computer Controlled Muscle Relaxation: A Comparison of Four Muscle Relaxants in the Sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Cass ◽  
D. G. Lampard ◽  
W. A. Brown ◽  
J. R. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Muscle Paralysis ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Integrated Electromyogram ◽  
Computer Controlled

Computer control of anaesthesia has been extended to include muscle relaxant drugs. Injection of d-tubocurarine, gallamine, alcuronium or pancuronium was controlled by computer to reduce the integrated electromyogram to a preset level (40 per cent of control) for one hour. A programmed level of muscle paralysis is therefore possible for use in physiological and pharmacological experiments, and in clinical practice where precise control of the degree of paralysis together with minimal dosage is advantageous.

scholarly journals Computer-Controlled Muscle Paralysis with Atracurium in the Sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Lampard ◽  
W. A. Brown ◽  
N. M. Cass ◽  
K. C. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Muscle Paralysis ◽  
Observed Behaviour ◽  
Integrated Electromyogram ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Drug Receptor ◽  
Drug Receptor Interaction

Paralysis was maintained in sheep by computer-controlled infusion of atracurium, using the integrated electromyogram as a measure of neuromuscular transmission. A number of experiments were conducted to ascertain the average infusion rate required to achieve a given level of paralysis for one hour. Each experiment yielded a point on a plot of paralysis versus infusion rate. A dose-response curve based upon a simple model of drug receptor interaction at the neuromuscular junction was fitted to the experimental points by least squares and is able to provide a useful explanation of clinically observed behaviour. The recovery time was also measured in each experiment and plotted against both prior level of paralysis and prior average infusion rate.

scholarly journals Cholinergic Chemotransmission and Anesthetic Drug Effects at the Carotid Bodies

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5974
Author(s):  
Maarten Honing ◽  
Chris Martini ◽  
Monique van Velzen ◽  
Marieke Niesters ◽  
Albert Dahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Anesthetic Drug ◽  
Carotid Bodies ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreflex

General anesthesia is obtained by administration of potent hypnotics, analgesics and muscle relaxants. Apart from their intended effects (loss of consciousness, pain relief and muscle relaxation), these agents profoundly affect the control of breathing, in part by an effect within the peripheral chemoreflex loop that originates at the carotid bodies. This review assesses the role of cholinergic chemotransmission in the peripheral chemoreflex loop and the mechanisms through which muscle relaxants and hypnotics interfere with peripheral chemosensitivity. Additionally, consequences for clinical practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Strokovno stališče Združenja za anesteziologijo in intenzivno medicino o uporabi sugamadeksa

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neva Požar Lukanović ◽  
Dragan Dević ◽  
Rajko Kandare ◽  
Dušan Mekiš ◽  
Vesna Novak Janković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Strength Recovery ◽  
Muscular Disease ◽  
Objective Control ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Short Time

We present our position statement for the use of sugammadex, a specific binder for aminosteroid muscle relaxants, in the most common clinical circumstances (in the case of an emergency intubation, when the patient cannot be ventilated or intubated; in patients with neuro-muscular disease, in patients with liver failure, in patients with renal failure, in patients with allergic reaction to sugammadex or to rocuronium, in cases of residual muscle relaxation and when we have to use a muscle relaxant short time after sugammadex application). Sugammadex is the drug of choice in cases of cardiac arhythmia, COPD, asthma, neuro-muscular diseases, pathological obesity, intraoperative use of continuous infusion of aminoglycoside muscle relaxants. It is therefore necessary to control the neuro-muscular block during surgery due to different response of patients to the muscle relaxant. Clinical tests alone are not an adequate substitute for objective control of muscular strength recovery.

scholarly journals A study to evaluate the skeletal muscle relaxant property of Pregabalin and Gabapentin in albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma V. Naidu ◽  
Vibha Rani
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5

Background: Skeletal muscle relaxants are the drugs which reduce unwanted spasm without interfering with consciousness and voluntary movements. The centrally acting muscle relaxants like Diazepam, is known to be GABA mimetics and other antiepileptics like Gabapentin and Pregabalin also act through the release of GABA. This study is done to investigate skeletal muscle relaxant property of these drugs in comparison to Diazepam.Methods: T Models used in the experiment are Grip Strength Test, Rota Rod Method, Beam Walk Test, Photoactometer Test. Animals were divided into 6 groups of 6 rats each: Group 1: Control group treated with normal saline (0.1 ml/10gm), Group 2: Standard-15mg/kg of Diazepam, Group 3:T1-60 mg/kg of Gabapentin, Group 4:T2-10 mg/kg of Pregabalin, Group 5:T3-60 mg/kg of Gabapentin+Diazepam, Group 6:T4- 10 mg/kg of Pregabalin+Diazepam. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for each group. One way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons followed by post hoc Tukey’s test for statistical significance between the groups.Results: Treatment with the above test drugs produced significant muscle relaxation and caused decreased fall off, sliding time, increase climbing time and decreased locomotor activity in all models indicating motor incoordination. The results obtained from both standard and test groups showed a highly significant difference in muscle relaxation when compared with the control group.Conclusions: The test drugs showed skeletal muscle relaxant property in rats comparable to Diazepam. In view of these results, it can open a new avenue for these drugs to be used as skeletal muscle relaxants after conducting clinical trials.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN LAMA KERJA ROKURONIUM PADA PASIEN YANG MENJALANI ANESTESIA UMUM DI INSTALASI BEDAH SENTRAL RSUP. PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Ira L. Dewi ◽  
Harold Tambajong ◽  
Diana Ch. Lalenoh
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Muscle Paralysis ◽  
Tube Insertion ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Drug ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstrak: Intubasi endotrakeal merupakan salah satu tindakan yang sering dilakukan, khususnya pada pasien yang menjalani operasi dengan anestesia umum. Intubasi endotrakeal dilakukan dengan memasukan pipa endotrakeal ke dalam trakea. Keberhasilan pemasangan pipa endotrakeal tergantung beberapa hal seperti relaksasi otot, kedalaman anestesia, dan keterampilan operator. Penggunaan obat pelumpuh otot khusunya pelumpuh otot non-depolarisasi lebih sering digunakan karena menghasilkan kondisi intubasi yang cepat dengan efek samping yang lebih minimal. Rokuronium merupakan salah satu obat pelumpuh otot yang banyak digunakan di Indonesia. Lama kerja obat perlu diketahui dengan pasti agar relaksasi otot cukup optimal untuk dilakukannya pembedahan dan derajat kelumpuhan otot dapat dipertahankan dengan melakukan penambahan dosis obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lama kerja dari obat pelumpuh otot rokuronium agar dapat menentukan waktu penambahan dosis obat yang tepat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan sampel sebanyak 10 orang. Hasil penelitian didapatkan lama kerja rokuronium yaitu 34,90 menit. Lama kerja pada laki-laki lebih lama daripada perempuan. Kelompok berat badan 66-75 kg dan kelompok umur 41-47 tahun memiliki lama kerja yang paling panjang. Kata kunci: Lama kerja, rokuronium.     Abstract: Endotracheal intubation is one of the most common procedure, especially on a patient undergoing surgery with general anesthesia. Endotracheal intubation is done by inserting endotracheal tube into trachea. The success of endotracheal tube insertion depends on several things such as muscle relaxation, the depth of anesthesia, and the operator’s skill. The use of muscle relaxant drugs especially non-depolarization muscle relaxant is more frequently because it produces rapid intubation conditions with minimal side effect. Rocuronium is a muscle relaxant drug that is widely used in Indonesia. Duration of action of drugs need to be known for certain so the optimal muscle relaxation sufficient to do the surgery and the degree of muscle paralysis can be maintained by adding a dose of the drug. This study aims to determine the duration of action of rocuronium in order to determine the time to administer proper dose addition. This study used a descriptive method with a sample of 10 people. The results showed that the duration of action of rocuronium is 34,90 minutes. The duration of action on men is longer than women. Longest duration of action occurs on 66-75 Kg weight group and 41-47 age group Keyword: Duration of action, rocuronium.

scholarly journals Sedation, Analgesia, and Muscle Relaxation During VV-ECMO Therapy in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Single-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wu ◽  
Mingna Li ◽  
Zhongwei Zhang ◽  
Jiawei Shang ◽  
Yong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Vv Ecmo

Objective: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ECMO-supported sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxants have changed, but there are insufficient data to determine the optimal dosing strategies for these agents. Sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation therapy for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receiving ECMO support are more specific and have not been fully reported. This study observed and evaluated the use of sedative and analgesic drugs and muscle relaxants in SARS-CoV-2 patients treated with VV-ECMO.Methods: This study was a single-center, retrospective and observational study. Our study includes 8 SARS-CoV-2 patients treated with VV-ECMO in an intensive care unit at Shanghai Public Health Center from February to June 2020. We collected the demographic data from these patients and the dose and course of sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxants administered during ECMO treatment.Results: The doses of sedative, analgesic and muscle relaxant drugs used in patients with VV-ECMO were significant. Over time, the doses of drugs that were used were increased, and the course of muscle relaxant treatment was extended.Conclusion: Sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxant use require individualized titration in patients with SARS-CoV-2 who have respiratory failure and who are receiving VV-ECMO.

Applications of CCEM to Environmental Health Problems

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
R. J. Lee ◽  
J. S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
External Agent ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Primitive State ◽  
Textural Changes ◽  
General Aspects

Electron microscopy (EM), with the advent of computer control and image analysis techniques, is rapidly evolving from an interpretative science into a quantitative technique. Electron microscopy is potentially of value in two general aspects of environmental health: exposure and diagnosis.In diagnosis, electron microscopy is essentially an extension of optical microscopy. The goal is to characterize cellular changes induced by external agents. The external agent could be any foreign material, chemicals, or even stress. The use of electron microscopy as a diagnostic tool is well- developed, but computer-controlled electron microscopy (CCEM) has had only limited impact, mainly because it is fairly new and many institutions lack the resources to acquire the capability. In addition, major contributions to diagnosis will come from CCEM only when image analysis (IA) and processing algorithms are developed which allow the morphological and textural changes recognized by experienced medical practioners to be quantified. The application of IA techniques to compare cellular structure is still in a primitive state.

The new CM-Series TEMs: integration of a five-axis motorized, fully computer-controlled goniometer

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
Marc J.C. de Jong ◽  
P. Emile S.J. Asselbergs ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Access Port ◽  
Vibration Stability ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Five Axis ◽  
Five Axes

A new step forward in Transmission Electron Microscopy has been made with the introduction of the CompuStage on the CM-series TEMs: CM120, CM200, CM200 FEG and CM300. This new goniometer has motorization on five axes (X, Y, Z, α, β), all under full computer control by a dedicated microprocessor that is in communication with the main CM processor. Positions on all five axes are read out directly - not via a system counting motor revolutions - thereby providing a high degree of accuracy. The CompuStage enters the octagonal block around the specimen through a single port, allowing the specimen stage to float freely in the vacuum between the objective-lens pole pieces, thereby improving vibration stability and freeing up one access port. Improvements in the mechanical design ensure higher stability with regard to vibration and drift. During stage movement the holder O-ring no longer slides, providing higher drift stability and positioning accuracy as well as better vacuum.

scholarly journals Use of a New Syringe Pump (Springfusor®) for Muscle Relaxant Infusion

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. P. Eagle ◽  
D. F. Capes
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Syringe Pump ◽  
Background Infusion ◽  
Continuous Background ◽  
Nominal Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Initial Bolus

A new spring-driven syringe pump (Springfusor 10®, Go Medical Industries, Subiaco, W.A.) was evaluated for infusion of muscle relaxants in 50 surgical cases. After an initial bolus dose, atracurium was given at a rate of 25 to 37.5 mg/hour and vecuronium at a rate of 4 to 6 mg/hour. The mean infusion rate was found to be 4% above the nominal rate of 5 ml/hour and the accuracy in all cases was within ± 20%. The Springfusor was found to be rugged, cheap and easy to use. It lacks dose flexibility but is suitable for continuous background infusion of muscle relaxants during surgery.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN LAMA KERJA ATRAKURIUM PADA PASIEN YANG MENJALANI ANESTESIA UMUM DI IBS RSUP PROF KANDOU MANADO NOVEMBER-DESEMBER 2013

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosiana Lamerkabel ◽  
Harold Tambajong ◽  
Diana Lalenoh
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Keywords Muscle

Abstrak: Obat pelumpuh otot adalah obat yang digunakan selama anestesi dan memfasilitasi intubasi. Pelumpuh otot non depolarisasi merupakan antagonis dari fase I blok pelumpuh otot depolarisasi, karena ia menduduki reseptor asetilkolin sehingga depolarisasi oleh suksinilkolin sebagian dicegah. Atrakurium adalah salah satu obat pelumpuh otot non depolarisasi yang mempunyai struktur benziliquinolin yang berasal dari tanaman Leontice Leontopeltalum, keunggulan adalah metabolisme terjadi di dalam darah, tidak bergantung di pada fungsi hati dan ginjal, tidak mempunyai efek akumulasi pada pemberian berulang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran lama kerja dari obat pelumpuh obat non depolarisasi atrakurium.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif prospektif yang dilakukan pada ruang pasca bedah Instalansi Bedah Sentral RSUP.Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou Manado dengan subjek berjumlah 10 orang yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa rerata gambaran lama kerja adalah 35,6 menit. Kata kunci: pelumpuh otot non depolarisasi, atrakurium     Abstract: Muscle relaxant drugs are drugs used during anesthesia and facilitate intubation . Non- depolarizing muscle relaxants is an antagonist of the phase I block of depolarizing muscle relaxants , because it occupies the acetylcholine receptors so that depolarization by succinylcholine partially prevented . Atracurium is one of the non- depolarizing muscle relaxant drugs that have a structure that is derived from plants benziliquinolin LeonticeLeontopeltalum , excellence is metabolism occurs in the blood , does not depend on the function of the liver and kidney , had no effect on the accumulation of repeated administration . The purpose of this study is to describe the work of the old non- depolarizing paralytic drug drug atracurium . This study is a prospective descriptive study conducted on postoperative space Installation Central Surgical Hospital .Prof .DR . R. D. Kandou Manado with the subject of 10 people who have met the inclusion criteria . It can be concluded that the average length of employment was 35.6 overview minutes. Keywords: Muscle relaxants, Atracurium

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