scholarly journals Althesin for Neuroanaesthesia

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Saady
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Induction Agent ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Slow Recovery

Althesin was used as an induction agent then diluted and administered as a controlled infusion for 60 patients undergoing 66 procedures. Incremental doses of fentanyl were given to provide additional analgesia. There was delayed awakening in 7 patients (12.1%), 3 of whom responded rapidly to narcotic reversal with naloxone. Intracerebral pathology and surgical trauma contributed to the slow recovery in the other 4 patients. Evidence is presented that Althesin infusions reduce the narcotic requirement. Althesin anaesthesia provides good neurosurgical conditions without delay in recovery.

Autoregulation absent in normal kidney but present after renal damage

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy B. Langston ◽  
Arthur C. Guyton ◽  
William J. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Normal Kidney

Experiments of this study indicate that the kidney does not normally autoregulate its blood flow; in these experiments a change in perfusion pressure always resulted in a corresponding change in renal blood flow when the kidney was not subjected to surgical trauma. On the other hand, when renal ischemia was induced or when the perirenal tissues were intentionally damaged, autoregulation of renal blood flow occurred in every instance. Two possible theories are discussed for this autoregulation: a) blockage of the renal lymphatic drainage and b) disruption of the blood supply to the walls of the renal and intrarenal arteries.

Pathogenicity of the coccidium Eimeria crandallis in laboratory lambs

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Catchpole ◽  
M. W. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unrelated Condition ◽  
High Pathogenicity ◽  
Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase

Ten colostrum-deprived, coccidia-free lambs were reared artificially in indoor cages. At 4 weeks of age they were allocated to 5 groups of 2: Groups 1–3 received 104 105 and 106 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria erandallis/lamb respectively, each as a single inoculum. Group 4 lambs received daily doses increasing over a 4-week period. Groups 1–3 showed diarrhoea and weight loss from about day 14, followed by slow recovery from about day 30. The diarrhoea was accompanied by a wave of oocyst output and a reduction in serum albumin and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity. One lamb in group 4 died of an unrelated condition on day 15; the other showed no clinical effect of the oocyst inoculations and its oocyst output was related only to the first week or two of inoculation. Lambs in Group I showed no clinical effect or oocyst output following challenge with 106 oocysts on day 28. E. crandallis showed high pathogenicity and immunogenicity. Its pathogenicity was not closely related to infecting dose within the range 104–106.

Factors governing the changes in strength of a partially inborn response, as shown by the mobbing behaviour of the chaffinch ( Fringilla coelehs ) II. The waning of the response

1954 ◽  
Vol 142 (908) ◽  
pp. 331-358 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rapid Recovery ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
Recovery Interval ◽  
Artificial Nature ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Mobbing Behaviour

In part I a survey of the nature of the mobbing response made by chaffinches to stationary predators was given. The course of the response was also examined. The present paper is concerned with an investigation into the processes underlying the waning of the response. If the response is allowed to wane through the prolonged presentation of a predator, recovery takes place in two stages—a period of rapid recovery is followed by a period of very slow recovery. The effects of varying the lengths of the initial presentation and the recovery interval are examined. The waning of the response which occurs as a result of the prolonged presentation of one predator also involves a decreased responsiveness to other stimuli which evoke the same response. The waning of the response is thus at least partly due to a change which affects all mobbing responses, and is not specific to the stimulus. The recovery of responsiveness to a stoat after prolonged exposure to an owl takes the same form as the recovery of responsiveness to an owl. Individual variation occurs both in the responsiveness to predators in general, and in the susceptibility to particular predators. If a chaffinch is shown a predator on a number of fairly widely separated occasions (e.g. once per day), the response usually diminishes progressively. This long-term reduction in responsiveness may be referred to as * habituation ’. It occurs even when live owls are introduced into the aviary, and involves a general damping down of the response as a whole. In general, successive presentations of a predator, or of the model of a predator, may produce either an increased or decreased responsiveness on a later presentation; the actual effect depends on the precise circumstances. Habituation is more rapid with spaced trials than with massed ones. Habituation to one predator in one place involves some degree of habituation to the same predator in a different place and to a different predator in the same place. The latter effect was probably exaggerated in the experiments recorded here by the artificial nature of the circumstances. It is suggested that at least two different processes are involved in the waning of the response. One of these is specific to the response and subject to rapid recovery, while the other is specific to the stimulus and produces long-term effects.

EXTRINSIC PATHWAY INHIBITOR (EPI) DURING ELECTUVE SUGERY : A COMPARISON WITH OTHER COAGULATION INHIBITORS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Sandset ◽  
T R Anderson ◽  
O R Ødegaard ◽  
M L Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Hip Prosthesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Extrinsic Pathway ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
Coagulation Inhibitors ◽  
Tissue Thromboplastin

Hypercoagulation after surgical trauma is probably induced by tissue thromboplastin (TP) released into the circulation. EPI, in conjuction with activated factor x (FXa), is a potent inhibitor of the IP-factor VII complex. EPI levels (chromogenic substance assay) were compared to other inhibitors; antithrombin (AT), heparin cofactor II (HCII), andprotein C (PC) in patients undergoing cholecystectomy(n=4), hip prosthesis operation (n=5),and aortic grafts operationa(n=5) Mean AT and PC levels parallelled the decrease in albumin. HCII decreased more suggesting a real consumption ofsurgery. The changes in EPI levels depended on the type ofsurgery. In hip surgery, the decline in EI levels was marked and parallelled HCII. In constrast to the other inhibitors, EPI levels stayed low over the first week after surgery:In cholecystectomy, changes were less marked and all inhibitors behaved similar. During aortic operations, EPI increased from mean 110% preoperatively to 252% peroperatively. It decreased to 86% the first day after operation. It then increased similar to the other inhibitors, but the level stayed higher than expected from the preoperative value. The patients received 3000 IU heparin peroperatively.In conclusion, hip operations produce a sustained drop in EPI activity.In aortic operations injection of heparin induced a dramatic, shortlived increase peroperatively followed by a restoration to high normal levels.

Hydrothorax as a Complication of Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. Bunchman ◽  
Ellen G. Wood ◽  
Robert E. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Technical Factors

Hydrothorax is a known complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) but there is very little in the pediatric literature concerning this complication. From 1982 to 1984 seven of 29 of our patients who underwent peritoneal dialysis, developed pleural effusions as a complication of PD. These patients varied in respect to age, technique and duration of PD. Four of the seven developed respiratory symptoms at the time when effusions were discovered, while the other three were recognized during evaluation of loss of ultrafiltration. Five of the seven had right-sided effusions, one had a left-sided effusion, and one had bilateral effusions. No technical factors could be identified as causative agents. We have concluded that pediatric patients may be particularly likely to develop hydrothorax as a complication of peritoneal dialysis. This may present as a pulmonary emergency or as a subtle loss of ultrafiltration ability. The possibility of congenital potential communicating pathways seems more likely than any other single explanation for this phenomena. Hydrothorax as a complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) is reported chiefly in the adult PD literature. The first reports were associated with trauma but in most subsequent cases, there was no explanation. We are aware of only two accounts of this complication in children covering a total of eight cases. Several of these may have been related to surgical trauma (1). However, in our own patient population, we observed seven who developed hydrothorax while on various forms of PD. Review of individual cases did not demonstrate common factors which would explain the hydrothorax. Thus, hydrothorax developed during PD in a significant number of infants over a short period and under a variety of clinical circumstances. This suggests the existence of potential anatomical channels which may open under a variety of circumstances.

Exercise-induced muscle damage, repair, and adaptation in humans

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Clarkson ◽  
I. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
College Age ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Muscle Shortening ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study examined exercise-induced muscle damage, repair, and rapid adaptation. Eight college-age women performed three eccentric exercises of the forearm flexors. One arm performed 70 maximal contractions (70-MAX condition), and the other arm performed 24 maximal contractions (24-MAX) followed 2 wk later by 70 maximal contractions (70-MAX2). Criterion measures of serum creatine kinase, muscle soreness and pain, isometric strength, and muscle shortening were assessed before, immediately after, and for 5 days after each exercise. Significant changes in all criterion measures were found after the 70-MAX exercise with a slow recovery that was not complete by day 5 after exercise. The 24-MAX condition showed only small changes in the criterion measures. Changes in the criterion measures after the 70-MAX2 exercise were significantly smaller than those after the 70-MAX exercise. Results from this study, with regard to the ability of the muscle to adapt to exercise-induced damage, suggest that an adaptation takes place such that the muscle is more resistant to damage and any damage that does occur is repaired at a faster rate. It is also clear that a relatively small insult will produce this adaptation.

scholarly journals Postoperative leukocytosis Witter (Surg., gyn. a. obst., 1925, 1)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 968-968
Author(s):  
M. Chalusov
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Curve ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Complete Accuracy

Witter (Surg., Gyn. A. Obst., 1925, 1), on the basis of a study of 30 cases, comes to the conclusion that 1) postoperative leukocytosis reaches its inaximum a on the 4th hour after the operation and returns to normal on the 5th day , 2) its height is directly proportional to the duration of the operation and the degree of the surgical trauma, the other factors are not; are significant, 3) it is expressed mainly by polynucleosis, 4) its curve generally corresponds to the temperature curve, but not with complete accuracy.

Stromatoporoids from the Famennian (Devonian) Wabamun Formation, Normandville oilfield, north–central Alberta, Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Stearn
Keyword(s):  
Patch Reef ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Biotic Crisis

Stromatoporoids are the principal framebuilding organisms in the patch reef that is part of the reservoir of the Normandville field. The reef is 10 m thick and 1.5 km2in area and demonstrates that stromatoporoids retained their ability to build reefal edifices into Famennian time despite the biotic crisis at the close of Frasnian time. The fauna is dominated by labechiids but includes three non-labechiid species. The most abundant species isStylostroma sinense(Dong) butLabechia palliseriStearn is also common. Both these species are highly variable and are described in terms of multiple phases that occur in a single skeleton. The other species described areClathrostromacf.C. jukkenseYavorsky,Gerronostromasp. (a columnar species), andStromatoporasp. The fauna belongs in Famennian/Strunian assemblage 2 as defined by Stearn et al. (1988).

D. The Line Spectrum of Pulsating Variable Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 207-244
Author(s):  
R. P. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Afternoon Session ◽  
Empirical Information ◽  
Pulsating Variable Stars ◽  
Almost Continuous ◽  
Informal Approach

(Ed. note:Encouraged by the success of the more informal approach in Christy's presentation, we tried an even more extreme experiment in this session, I-D. In essence, Kraft held the floor continuously all morning, and for the hour and a half afternoon session, serving as a combined Summary-Introductory speaker and a marathon-moderator of a running discussion on the line spectrum of cepheids. There was almost continuous interruption of his presentation; and most points raised from the floor were followed through in detail, no matter how digressive to the main presentation. This approach turned out to be much too extreme. It is wearing on the speaker, and the other members of the symposium feel more like an audience and less like participants in a dissective discussion. Because Kraft presented a compendious collection of empirical information, and, based on it, an exceedingly novel series of suggestions on the cepheid problem, these defects were probably aggravated by the first and alleviated by the second. I am much indebted to Kraft for working with me on a preliminary editing, to try to delete the side-excursions and to retain coherence about the main points. As usual, however, all responsibility for defects in final editing is wholly my own.)

C. The Continuous Spectrum of Pulsating Variable Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 177-206
Author(s):  
J. B. Oke ◽  
C. A. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Spectrum ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Direct Information ◽  
Thermodynamic Structure ◽  
Diagnostic Interpretation ◽  
Pulsating Variable Stars ◽  
The Continuum

Pecker:The topic to be considered today is the continuous spectrum of certain stars, whose variability we attribute to a pulsation of some part of their structure. Obviously, this continuous spectrum provides a test of the pulsation theory to the extent that the continuum is completely and accurately observed and that we can analyse it to infer the structure of the star producing it. The continuum is one of the two possible spectral observations; the other is the line spectrum. It is obvious that from studies of the continuum alone, we obtain no direct information on the velocity fields in the star. We obtain information only on the thermodynamic structure of the photospheric layers of these stars–the photospheric layers being defined as those from which the observed continuum directly arises. So the problems arising in a study of the continuum are of two general kinds: completeness of observation, and adequacy of diagnostic interpretation. I will make a few comments on these, then turn the meeting over to Oke and Whitney.

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