Bayesian Assignment of Coverage Count Locations to Factor Groups and Estimation of Mean Daily Traffic

1996 ◽  
Vol 1542 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Davis ◽  
Yuzhe Guan
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Factor Group ◽  
Bayes Estimator ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Seasonal Factor ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sample Count ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Classification Probability ◽  
A Site

Mean daily traffic (MDT) is the expected traffic volume at some site on a typical day, and it is usually estimated from short-count data by computing average daily traffic (ADT) and then correcting this ADT for the season or day of week of the count. Although considerable guidance exists on how to construct seasonal factor groups from automatic traffic recorder counts, less guidance is available on how to select the appropriate factors for correcting a particular short count or for estimating MDT when the appropriate factors are uncertain. A data-driven approach to assigning highway sites to factor groups using arbitrary samples of daily traffic counts, a method for designing traffic count samples to minimize the likelihood of assigning the site to the wrong factor group, and a Bayes estimator of MDT are described. A likelihood function describing the sample count is combined with prior estimates of the probabilities that a site belongs to each factor group to produce posterior classification probabilities. The site is then assigned to that factor group showing the highest posterior classification probability. The classification method is evaluated by using actual traffic data and appears to perform reliably with 14-day samples. A Bayes estimator of MDT is then developed, which is applicable even when it is unclear to which factor group a short-count site ought to be assigned. This estimator is evaluated by using actual data, and it also performs creditably with 14-day samples.

Formation of a Complex Polity on the Eastern Periphery of the Maya Lowlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Prufer ◽  
Holley Moyes ◽  
Brendan J. Culleton ◽  
Andrew Kindon ◽  
Douglas J. Kennett
Keyword(s):  
Classic Period ◽  
Maya Lowlands ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Group A ◽  
Eastern Periphery ◽  
Early Classic Period ◽  
Site Chronology ◽  
A Site

AbstractThis paper pursues the application of a central tenet of the dual-processual framework, the corporate/network continuum, to the development of Uxbenká, a small monument-bearing polity in the southern Maya Lowlands. During its growth, Uxbenká underwent a transformation from a small farming community to a complex polity with many of the trappings of elite authority that characterizes Classic Maya centers. It was one of the earliest complex polities to develop on the southeastern periphery of the Maya lowlands during the Early Classic period (A.D. 300—600). The polity was founded upon earlier agricultural communities that are now known to extend back to at least A.D. 100. Starting after A.D. 200 the location of the original agricultural village (Group A) was leveled and reorganized to form a public monument garden and the center of political authority throughout much of the Classic period (A.D. 400—800). In this article we present radiocarbon ages from well-defined stratigraphic contexts to establish a site chronology. Based on these data we suggest that by A.D. 450 Uxbenká was the center of a regional political system connected to some of the larger polities in the Maya world (e.g., Tikal). We argue that at this time Uxbenká underwent a significant change from a polity organized by a corporate inclusionary form of ruler-ship to a more networked one marked by exclusionary authority vested in elites who privileged their ancestral relations and network interactions across the geopolitical landscape.

scholarly journals The nature of COPD revealed by self-tracking, PRO-data and analysis of contact pattern for participants in a personalized health centered living lab organized according to the Epital Care Model. A longitudinal study. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Phanareth ◽  
Astrid Laura Dam ◽  
Martin ABC Hansen ◽  
Signe Lindskrog ◽  
Søren Vingtoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Factor Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group D

BACKGROUND Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death and is characterized by a progressive loss of pulmonary function over time with intermittent episodes of exacerbations. Rapid and proactive interventions may reduce the burden of the condition for the patients. Telehealth solutions involving self-tracking of vital parameters such as pulmonary function, oxygen saturation, heart rate and temperature with synchronous communication of health data may become a powerful solution as they enable healthcare professionals to react with a pro-active and adequate response. We have taken this idea to the next level in the Epital Care Model (ECM) and organized a person-centered technology assisted ecosystem to provide health services to COPD patients. OBJECTIVE The objective is to reveal the nature of COPD by combining technology with a person-centered design aimed to benefit from interactions based on PRO data and to assess the needed kind of contacts to best treat exacerbations. We wanted to know: 1) What is the incidence of mild, moderate and severe exacerbations in a mixed population of COPD patients? 2) What is the course of the mild, moderate and severe exacerbations? And 3) How is the activity and pattern of contacts to health professionals related to the participants condition? METHODS Convenience sampling during the period November 2013 to December 2015. The participants’ sex, age, FEV1, pulse rate and oxygen saturation were registered at entry. During the study, we registered number of days, number of exacerbations, number of contact notes coded into care and treatment notes. Each participant was classified according to GOLD I-IV and risk factor group A-D. Participants reported their clinical status using a tablet by answering four questions and sending three semi-automated measurements. RESULTS Of the 87 participants, 11 were in risk factor group A, 24 in B, 13 in C and 39 in D. The number of observed days was 31801 days with 12470 measurements and 1397 care notes and 1704 treatment notes. A total of 254 exacerbations were treated and only 18 caused hospitalization. Those in risk factor group D have the highest number of hospitalizations (16), exacerbations (151), and contacts (1910) The initial contacts during the first month declined within three months to 1/3 for care contacts and 1/2 for treatment contacts and reached a plateau after four months. CONCLUSIONS The majority of COPD patients in risk factor group D can be managed virtually and only 13% of those with severe exacerbations required hospitalization. Contact to the healthcare professionals decreases markedly within the first months after enrollment. These results provide a new and detailed insight into the course of COPD. We propose a resilience index for virtual clinical management making it easier to compare results across settings.

Effects of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Administration on Vascular Changes in Wound Healing of Rat Palates

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hata ◽  
Hitoshi Kawanabe ◽  
Yutaka Hisanaga ◽  
Kunihisa Taniguchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Factor Group ◽  
Vascular Network ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Group A

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the vascular changes induced by mucoperiosteal denudation of rat palate and to elucidate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) administration on the palatal vascular network in wound healing. Methods: A total of 117 male Wistar rats were used for the study on their 20th postnatal day. The animals were divided into three groups: a scar formation group, a basic fibroblast growth factor group, and a control group. The scar formation and basic fibroblast growth factor groups had lateral mucoperiosteum excised from the palate. In the basic fibroblast growth factor group, a solution of basic fibroblast growth factor was injected into the operated area 1 week after excision. At 6, 8, and 10 weeks postoperatively, palatal vascular changes were investigated by immunohistochemical staining and corrosion cast techniques. Results: Throughout the experimental period, there were significantly fewer vessels in the scar formation group than in the control and basic fibroblast growth factor groups. In the basic fibroblast growth factor group, the elongation of new vessels and capillary proliferation proceeded, and after 10 weeks a highly organized vascular network was established. The scar formation group showed few Volkmann's canals that were shrunken or closed, whereas the basic fibroblast growth factor group evidenced Volkmann's canals with arterioles or venules, as seen in the control. Conclusions: The results suggested that injection of basic fibroblast growth factor into palatal wounds improves the vascular supply to the operated mucosa and underlying bone during and after palatal wound healing, which may contribute to tissue remodeling of the palate during growth.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Reproducibility of Subgingival Vertical Margins Using Intraoral Optical Scanning (IOS): A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Edoardo Ferrari Cagidiaco ◽  
Fernando Zarone ◽  
Nicola Discepoli ◽  
Tim Joda ◽  
Marco Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Digital Impressions ◽  
Group A ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
Edge Finishing ◽  
Group B ◽  
A Site

Background: The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the capability of an IOS (Intra Oral Scanner) device, used in standardized conditions, to detect margins of abutments prepared with knife-edge finishing line located at three different levels in relation to the gingival sulcus. Methods: sixty abutment teeth for treatment with full crowns were selected and randomly divided in three groups accordingly to the depth of the finishing line: Group A: supragingival margin; Group B: 0.5–1.0 mm into the sulcus; Group C: 1.5–2.0 mm into the sulcus. Temporary crowns were placed for two weeks and then digital impressions (Aadva IOS 100, GC, Japan) were made of each abutment. As controls, analog impressions were taken, poured, and scanned using a laboratory scanner (Aadva lab scanner, GC, Japan). Two standard tessellation language (STL) files were generated for each abutment, subsequently processed, and superimposed by Exocad software (Exocad GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany), applying the “best-fit“ algorithm in order to align the scan of the conventional with the digital impressions. The distances between each preparation margin and the adjacent gingival tissue were measured. Four measures were taken, two interproximally and buccally, for a total of six measures of each abutment considering three modes of impressions. The data were statistically evaluated using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for each site and the Bonferroni test. Results: there was no difference between the two kinds of impression in Group A in both sites, in Group B a difference of 0.483 mm and 0.682 mm at interproximal and buccal sites, respectively, and in Group C 0.750 mm and 0.964 mm at interproximal and buccal sites, respectively. The analysis performed on a site level (mesial/distal/vestibular) for the depth of both vertical preparations revealed significant differences (p < 0.0001). After a post hoc analysis (Bonferroni), vestibular sites of the shallow vertical preparations resulted in significantly lower values compared to the other sites prepared deeply. Conclusions: the results showed that the location of the margin is an important factor in making a precise and complete impression when IOS (Intra Oral Scanner) is used. Moreover, deep preparation into the sulcus is not recommended for IOS (Intra Oral Scanner) impressions.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Excessive Adhesive Flash Formed from Two Orthodontic Adhesives on Clinical Periodontal Status of Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Appliance Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 2582-2586
Author(s):  
Kritika Pankaj Suroliya ◽  
Priyanka Niranjane ◽  
Ranjit Haridas Kamble ◽  
Murtaza Shabbir Hussain ◽  
Saurabh Hemant Shingnapurkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plaque Index ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Orthodontic Adhesives ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
A Site ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

BACKGROUND Increased accumulation of dental plaque and inflammatory response during treatment is due to the appearance of new retentive places around the components of fixed appliances attached to the teeth. During bonding procedures, there is certain amount of adhesive left on the tooth surface invariably around the margins between bracket and enamel interface called excessive adhesive flash (EAF), which may act as a plaque retentive area. We wanted to evaluate and compare the effect of EAF formed from two different orthodontic bonding adhesives on clinical periodontal status of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. METHODS 20 patients indicated for treatment with fixed stainless steel preadjusted edgewise appliance were selected for the study. A split mouth design was followed where each patient’s teeth were divided into 2 groups; Group A: Teeth of right side bonded with non-tooth coloured orthodontic adhesive resin (Transbond XT Plus) – 1st and 4th quadrants; Group B: Teeth of left side bonded with tooth-coloured orthodontic adhesive resin (Transbond XT) - 2nd and 3rd quadrants. Clinical periodontal status was assessed by measuring Muhlemann modified papillary bleeding index, Turesky Gilmore Glickman modification of Quigley Hein Plaque Index, and a modification of the Orthodontic Plaque Index, before bonding (T0) and 1 week after bonding the appliance (T1). RESULTS Readings at T1 had significantly increased compared to T0 indicating increased plaque retention. However, difference between the indices for both groups at T1 was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The excessive adhesive flash is a site for increased plaque accumulation, irrespective of the composite being tooth coloured or non-tooth coloured. KEY WORDS EAF, Adhesives, Split Mouth

Patterns of Illness in the Highly Febrile Young Child: Epidemiologic, Clinical, and Laboratory Correlates

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-700
Author(s):  
Peter F. Wright ◽  
Juliette Thompson ◽  
Kelly T. Mckee ◽  
William K. Vaughn ◽  
Sarah H. W. Sell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Group A ◽  
Bacteremic Episode ◽  
A Site ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Three hundred one episodes of fever ≥103 F were documented in 375 infants and young children observed in a comprehensive care clinic during the period October 1974 to October 1978. Of such highly febrile illnesses 79% were accompanied by respiratory tract signs or symptoms, 7% by disease at a site other than the respiratory tract, and 22% of illnesses had no localizing signs or symptoms. Viral cultures were obtained from the respiratory tract in 178 cases and were positive in 68:57/ 134 from respiratory illness; 2/4 from illness at sites other than the respiratory tract; and 9/40 in children without localizing disease. Bacterial cultures of the upper respiratory tract were obtained in 191 illnesses, but the overall rate of isolation of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and group A streptococci (46%) did not differ from that in a group of well children (39%). Bacterial cultures of the blood were obtained in 89 patients with fever ≥103 F and in an additional 41 children with lower temperatures. Nine children had documented systemic bacterial disease (eight positive blood cultures and one positive CSF). The rate of clinically apparent systemic bacterial disease in these otherwise normal infants was one bacteremic episode per 94 years of child care.

scholarly journals Ship diesel engine performance modelling with combined physical and machine learning approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Coraddu ◽  
M Kalikatzarakis ◽  
L Oneto ◽  
G J Meijn ◽  
M Godjevac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Modelling ◽  
Hybrid Modelling ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Modelling Approach

Condition Based Maintenance on diesel engines can help to reduce maintenance load and better plan maintenance activities in order to support ships with reduced or no crew. Diesel engine performance models are required to predict engine performance parameters in order to identify emerging failures early on and to establish trends in performance reduction. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to accurately predict engine temperatures during operational dynamic manoeuvring. In this hybrid modelling approach, the authors combine the mechanistic knowledge from physical diesel engine models with the statistic knowledge from engine measurements on a sound engine. This simulation study, using data collected from a Holland class patrol vessel, demonstrates that existing models cannot accurately predict measured temperatures during dynamic manoeuvring, and that the hybrid modelling approach outperforms a purely data driven approach by reducing the prediction error during a typical day of operation from 10% to 2%. 

scholarly journals Amplitude Modeling of Specular Multipath Components for Robust Indoor Localization

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Hong Anh Nguyen ◽  
Van Khang Nguyen ◽  
Klaus Witrisal
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Gaussian Process Regression ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Channel Knowledge ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Potential Applicability

Ultra-Wide Bandwidth (UWB) and mm-wave radio systems can resolve specular multipath components (SMCs) from estimated channel impulse response measurements. A geometric model can describe the delays, angles-of-arrival, and angles-of-departure of these SMCs, allowing for a prediction of these channel features. For the modeling of the amplitudes of the SMCs, a data-driven approach has been proposed recently, using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) to map and predict the SMC amplitudes. In this paper, the applicability of the proposed multipath-resolved, GPR-based channel model is analyzed by studying features of the propagation channel from a set of channel measurements. The features analyzed include the energy capture of the modeled SMCs, the number of resolvable SMCs, and the ranging information that could be extracted from the SMCs. The second contribution of the paper concerns the potential applicability of the channel model for a multipath-resolved, single-anchor positioning system. The predicted channel knowledge is used to evaluate the measurement likelihood function at candidate positions throughout the environment. It is shown that the environmental awareness created by the multipath-resolved, GPR-based channel model yields higher robustness against position estimation outliers.

scholarly journals On some generalizations of Baer's theorem

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-316
Author(s):  
L.A. Kurdachenko ◽  
A.A. Pypka
Keyword(s):  
Factor Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Baer’S Theorem ◽  
Inner Automorphisms

In this paper we obtained new automorphic analogue of Baer's theorem for the case when an arbitrary subgroup $A\leq Aut(G)$ includes a group of inner automorphisms $Inn(G)$ of agroup $G$ and the factor-group $A/Inn(G)$ is co-layer-finite.

scholarly journals THE RELEASE OF CHOLESTEROL ESTERS FROM SERUM LIPOPROTEINS BY EXTRACTS OF CERTAIN GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI

1961 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rowen
Keyword(s):  
Simple Technique ◽  
Serum Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Specific Lipids ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Group A ◽  
A Site ◽  
Kinetics Of

A chemical explanation has been provided for the production of opalescence in human and animal sera by extracts of certain Group A streptococci. Opalescence results from the selective liberation of specific lipids from α1-serum lipoprotein. The released lipids have been quantitatively separated through the relatively simple technique of ultracentrifugal flotation, and subsequently analyzed by chemical and chromatographic means. Esterified cholesterol constitutes by far the major low density reaction product, accounting for 85 to 90 per cent of the total lipid released. A small amount of phospholipid (apparently limited to lecithin) was the only other lipid consistently found in low density product fractions. Comparative kinetics of opalescence development and cholesterol release under varying conditions of pH, extract concentration, and temperature reveal that the two effects do not run exactly parallel but are, nevertheless, probably closely related manifestations of a specific enzymic degradation of serum lipoprotein. It has been suggested that enzymic action may occur at a site within the lipoprotein remote from the cholesterol esters themselves. Although the over-all reaction appears to be mediated by an enzyme present in many Group A streptococci, it is uncertain whether this enzyme acts directly on lipoprotein or acts by causing the activation of a serum enzyme which in turn attacks the lipoprotein.

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