State Body Dissatisfaction and Social Interactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Mills ◽  
Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz ◽  
Millicent Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Random Intervals ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
And Control ◽  
State Body

To date, there has been limited empirical scrutiny of the correlates and consequences of day-to-day state body dissatisfaction fluctuations within naturalistic contexts. We used ecological momentary assessment (a form of naturalistic observation) to evaluate whether state body dissatisfaction was concurrently and/or prospectively associated with occurrence and quality of social interactions. Women ( N = 121), aged 18 to 40, completed a brief trait-based survey and then nominated a 7-day period within which to receive seven text messages daily, at random intervals, prompting them to complete measures of body dissatisfaction at that moment. If they were currently or had recently engaged in social interactions, they were also asked to fill out questions rating the quality of these interactions (operationalized in terms of enjoyment of, and control in, the interaction). Findings suggest that the relationship between state body dissatisfaction and aspects of social interactions is complex and may vary over time. Cross-sectionally, state body dissatisfaction and social interaction quality were negatively associated. Prospectively, however, body dissatisfaction predicted subsequent avoidance of social interactions. Interestingly, when women chose to avoid social interactions, their body dissatisfaction worsened, yet when they did engage in social interactions, they reported improved body satisfaction. Importantly, the links between state body dissatisfaction and social interactions may be moderated by body mass index and trait body satisfaction levels. Potential mechanisms underlying the association between state body dissatisfaction and quality and quantity of social interactions are discussed, and future research avenues are proposed to further understand their inter-relation.

Trends and Research of Wikis' Quality and Governance Based on Bibliometric and Content Analysis

2014 ◽  
pp. 148-166
Author(s):  
Qinghua Zhu ◽  
Linghe Huang ◽  
Jia Tina Du ◽  
Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organization Management ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Control

Wiki is a typical representative of the User-Generated Content. Its appearance greatly promotes the creation, organization, management, and sharing of knowledge on the Internet. As articles grow rapidly in Wikis, the quality of the articles has aroused many people’s concerns. The topics on how to assess and control the quality of articles have attracted many researchers. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the status of this research topic. This chapter explores the current research status and trends of wikis' quality and governance. The authors selected papers from the databases of ISI, EI, IEEE, and other widely used databases. They reported the trends and research of wikis’ quality and governance using bibliometric analysis and content analysis of a total of 99 relevant papers. The results show that although the research topics in the field have experienced a very rapid development, they are still at an early age that lacks theories to support them. The discipline of Library and Information Science was found to play a very active role in this new area. Future research agenda and directions are also discussed.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Mechanism of the Environmental Capacity Changes in Haizhou Bay, Northern Jiangsu, China from 2006 to 2016

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2990
Author(s):  
Lei Sun ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
Min Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Capacity ◽  
Haizhou Bay ◽  
Influencing Mechanism ◽  
Sea Reclamation ◽  
And Control

Haizhou Bay is an open bay located in northern Jiangsu Province, China. This study analyzes the changes in the coastline, coastal development, and water quality of Haizhou Bay between 2006 and 2016. The box model method and numerical simulation are adopted to calculate the environmental capacities of Haizhou Bay in 2006 and 2016, analyze changes to environmental capacity features, and assess the influencing factors over this period. The scenario analysis method is used to discuss the influencing mechanism and degree of influence of factors (e.g., the water quality difference inside and outside the bay, and sea reclamation) on the environmental capacity and calculate the contribution of each influencing factor. The changes in terrain triggered by sea reclamation and water quality from 2006 to 2016 reduced the total environmental capacity of Haizhou Bay, with an influencing ratio of 0.198:0.802. In other words, poorer water quality inside the bay reduces the environmental capacity by a degree of 4.05 times that of sea reclamation. This study can offer guidance on related future research aiming to protect the marine environment of Haizhou Bay and control the total amount of pollutants discharged into the sea.

scholarly journals Personality and Friendship Satisfaction in Daily Life: Do Everyday Social Interactions Account for Individual Differences in Friendship Satisfaction?

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wilson ◽  
Kelci Harris ◽  
Simine Vazire
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interpersonal Processes ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Friendship Satisfaction

Who are the people who maintain satisfying friendships? And, what are the behaviours that might explain why those people achieve high friendship satisfaction? We examined the associations between personality (self–reports and peer–reports) and friendship satisfaction (self–reports) among 434 students. We also examined whether role personality (how people act with their friends) and quantity and quality of social interactions using ecological momentary assessment mediate the associations between personality and friendship satisfaction. Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and (low) neuroticism were associated with higher levels of friendship satisfaction. These associations could not be accounted for by individual differences in role personality. In addition, our results suggest that quantity of time spent with friends and quality of friend interactions (depth of conversation, self–disclosure and lack of emotion suppression), although associated with friendship satisfaction, do not account for the associations between trait personality and friendship satisfaction. Future research should examine other potential interpersonal processes that explain why some people are more satisfied with their friendships than others and the consequences of friendship satisfaction (e.g. for well–being). Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Having versus not having social interactions in patients diagnosed with depression or social phobia and controls

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249765
Author(s):  
Jeanette Villanueva ◽  
Andrea H. Meyer ◽  
Thorsten Mikoteit ◽  
Jürgen Hoyer ◽  
Christian Imboden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Sampling Methodology

Humans need meaningful social interactions, but little is known about the consequences of not having them. We examined meaningful social interactions and the lack thereof in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) or social phobia (SP) and compared them to a control group (CG). Using event-sampling methodology, we sampled participants’ everyday social behavior 6 times per day for 1 week in participants’ natural environment. We investigated the quality and the proportion of meaningful social interactions (when they had meaningful social interactions) and degree of wishing for and avoidance of meaningful social interactions (when they did not have meaningful social interactions). Groups differed on the quality and avoidance of meaningful social interactions: Participants with MDD and SP reported perceiving their meaningful social interactions as lower quality (in terms of subjective meaningfulness) than the CG, with SP patients reporting even lower quality than the MDD patients. Further, both MDD and SP patients reported avoiding meaningful social interactions significantly more often than the CG. Although the proportion of meaningful social interactions was similar in all groups, the subjective quality of meaningful social interactions was perceived to be lower in MDD and SP patients. Future research might further identify what variables influenced the reinforcement of the MDD and SP patients so that they engaged in the same number of meaningful social interactions even though the quality of their meaningful social interactions was lower. Increasing awareness of what happens when patients do or do not have meaningful social interactions will help elucidate a potentially exacerbating or maintaining factor of the disorders.

Metaheuristics and Software Engineering: Past, Present, and Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (09) ◽  
pp. 1349-1375
Author(s):  
Enrique Alba ◽  
Javier Ferrer ◽  
Ignacio Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Software Products ◽  
New Class ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Search Optimization ◽  
Automatic Search ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Control

This work aims at giving an updated vision on the successful combination between Metaheuristics and Software Engineering (SE). Mostly during the 90s, varied groups of researchers dealing with search, optimization, and learning (SOL) met SE researchers, all of them looking for a quantified manner of modeling and solving problems in the software field. This paper will discuss on the construction, assessment, and exploitation tasks that help in making software programs a scientific object, subject to automatic study and control. We also want to show with several case studies how the quantification of software features and the automatic search for bugs can improve the software quality process, which eases compliance to ISO/IEEE standards. In short, we want to build intelligent automatic tools that will upgrade the quality of software products and services. Since we approach this new field as a cross-fertilization between two research domains, we then need to talk not only on metaheuristics for SE (well known by now), but also on SE for metaheuristics (not so well known nowadays). In summary, we will discuss here with three time horizons in mind: the old times [before the term search-based SE (SBSE) was used for this], the recent years on SBSE, and the many avenues for future research/development. A new body of knowledge in SOL and SE exists internationally, which is resulting in a new class of researchers able of building intelligent techniques for the benefit of software, that is, of modern societies.

Potential for Meta-Scientific Inquiry to Improve the Usefulness of HRD Research Outcomes for Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-420
Author(s):  
David L. Passmore ◽  
Chungil Chae
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
And Control ◽  
Field Of Inquiry

The Problem Meta-science, that is, science about science, is an application of scientific method to explain and control the methods and enterprise of science. The field of inquiry of meta-science emerged originally in reaction to problems with reproducibility and replicability of seemingly settled science. These same problems could affect research evidence conducted by human resource development (HRD) researchers and, as a result, could limit the applicability of HRD research outcomes to HRD practice. The Solution Discussed in this article are examples of meta-scientific issues and solutions that ultimately affect the transition of knowledge derived through research to practice in the field of HRD. Problems with the reproducibility and replication of research conducted in the field are detailed as are meta-scientific issues involved in judging the quality of scientific work, methodology-agnostic applications of meta-scientific inquiry, requirements for sharing data and code, and the need to let theory guide research. The Stakeholders Researchers would benefit from the considerations of meta-scientific concerns in the design, conduct, and reporting of research to improve the replicability and reproducibility of research outcomes. Knowledge of meta-scientific principles and cautions by adopters of research outcomes would inject healthy skepticism into decisions about whether research outcomes are worthy for application in practice or to guide future research.

Impact of Automated Notifications on Prescription Abandonment

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002110048
Author(s):  
Erik G. Gunderson ◽  
Bradley J. Newell ◽  
Brent J. Rohling ◽  
Brittany L. Melton ◽  
Amy D. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
And Control

Background: Prescription abandonment impacts patients’ quality of life and disease progression. In addition, prescription abandonment can increase total healthcare costs. Objective: This study compared effects of automated telephone calls (ATC), automated text messages (ATM), and control on prescription abandonment rates with Medicare defined Star Rated medications. The secondary objective compared prescription abandonment rates between age groups (18-64 versus ≥ 65 years) within each arm. Methods: This was a retrospective observational analysis from a regional division of a large community-based pharmacy chain. Star Rated medication prescriptions consisting of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, renin-angiotensin system antagonists, and non-insulin type 2 diabetes mellitus medications were included. Prescriptions for patients who activated or deactivated automated notification enrollment during the study period were excluded. Results: A total of 31,056, 33,278, and 20,299 prescriptions were included in the analysis of ATC, ATM, and control arms, respectively. Prescription abandonment occurred on 726 (2.3%) prescriptions within ATC arm, 864 (2.6%) prescriptions within ATM arm, and 513 (2.5%) prescriptions within control arm (p = 0.099). Prescription abandonment occurred on 390 (2.6%) prescriptions for 18-64 and 336 (2.1%) prescriptions for 65 years or older within the ATC arm (p = 0.002). Prescription abandonment occurred on 251 (2.9%) prescriptions for 18-64 and 262 (2.3%) prescriptions for 65 years or older within the control arm (p = 0.006). Conclusion: No difference in rates of prescription abandonment existed between each automated notification arm on Star Rated medications. ATC notifications decreased rates of prescription abandonment when utilized by patients 65 years or older.

scholarly journals Saúde on-line: impacto na prevalência de obesidade e satisfação corporal de adolescentes

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Régis Jhonatan Morais Gonçalves ◽  
Ramon Azevedo Silva Castro ◽  
Vinícius Silva Belo ◽  
Luana Santos Vital Alves Coelho ◽  
Erika Barbosa Lagares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
Health Education Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
On Line ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

RESUMOObjetivo: avaliar o efeito de ação de educação em saúde, conduzida pelo Facebook, na prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e na satisfação corporal de adolescentes, bem como a relação de concordância entre estas medidas e as diferenças em adolescentes. Método: estudo quantitativo, ensaio não controlado, em que 69 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, dos 13 aos 19 anos, foram avaliados em 4 meses quanto ao estado nutricional e percepção corporal, antes e depois de intervenção de educação em saúde sobre nutrição. Resultados: 20,8% estavam com excesso de peso, 20,3% se percebiam com excesso de peso e 36,2% apresentavam insatisfação corporal. Houve maior prevalência de insatisfação corporal entre adolescentes do sexo feminino com sobrepeso/obesidade. Conclusão: não se evidenciou impacto estatisticamente significativo da estratégia de educação em saúde executada na prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e na satisfação com a imagem corporal. Discutem-se os fatores associados com o baixo impacto da intervenção e a importância de estudos dessa natureza, visto que a obesidade é multideterminada, o que implica a necessidade de que abordagens utilizadas para a prevenção e o controle desse agravo sejam avaliadas quanto a seus sucessos e insucessos para que sejam aprimoradas em estudos futuros. Descritores: Adolescente; Antropometria; Imagem corporal; Rede social; Educação em saúde; Obesidade.ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effect of a health education action, conducted by Facebook, on the prevalence of overweight/obesity and adolescent body satisfaction, as well as the relationship between these measures and differences among adolescents. Method: quantitative study, uncontrolled trial, in which 69 adolescents of both sexes, from 13 to 19 years old, were evaluated in four months regarding nutritional status and body perception, before and after health education intervention on nutrition. Results: 20.8% were overweight, 20.3% perceived as overweight and 36.2% presented body dissatisfaction. There was a higher prevalence of body dissatisfaction among overweight / obese female adolescents. Conclusion: there was no statistically significant impact of the health education strategy, implemented in the prevalence of overweight/obesity and satisfaction with body image. The factors associated with the low impact of the intervention and the importance of studies of this nature were discussed, since obesity is multidetermined, which implies that the approaches used for the prevention and control of this condition should be evaluated for their successes and failures to be improved in future studies. Descriptors: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Body Image; Social Networking; Health Education; Obesity.RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de acción de educación en salud conducida por el Facebook en la prevalencia de sobrepeso / obesidad y en la satisfacción corporal de adolescentes, así como la relación de concordancia entre estas medidas y las diferencias en adolescentes. Método: el estudio cuantitativo, ensayo no controlado, en el que 69 adolescentes de ambos sexos, de 13 a 19 años, fueron evaluados en 4 meses en cuanto al estado nutricional y percepción corporal, antes y después de intervención de educación en salud sobre nutrición. Resultados: 20,8% estaban con exceso de peso, el 20,3% se percibía con exceso de peso y el 36,2% presentaba insatisfacción corporal. Hubo mayor prevalencia de insatisfacción corporal entre adolescentes con sobrepeso / obesidad. Conclusión: no se evidenció impacto estadísticamente significativo de la estrategia de educación en salud ejecutada en la prevalencia de sobrepeso / obesidad y en la satisfacción con la imagen corporal. Se discuten los factores asociados con el bajo impacto de la intervención y la importancia de estudios de esa naturaleza, ya que la obesidad es multideterminada, lo que implica la necesidad de que enfoques utilizados para la prevención y control de ese agravamiento sean evaluados en cuanto a sus éxitos y fracasos para que se perfeccionen en estudios futuros. Descriptores: Adolescente; Antropometría; Imagem Corporal; Red Social; Educación em Salud; Obesidad.

scholarly journals See It – Do It – Learn It: Learning Interprofessional Collaboration in the Clinical Context

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby Grymonpre ◽  
Cornelia (Kristel) Van Ineveld ◽  
Michelle Nelson ◽  
Fiona Jensen ◽  
Amy De Jaeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Clinical Placements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Over Time

Background: The primary goal of the Interprofessional Education in Geriatric Care (IEGC) project was to design, deliver, and evaluate interprofessional (IP) clinical placements for pre-licensure learners in geriatric day hospitals.Methods: Project evaluation was guided by the modified Kirkpatrick's Model of Educational Outcomes. Using a controlled before-after design, the Attitudes Toward Health Care Teams Scale (ATHCTS), Team Skills Scale (TSS), and Knowledge Questionnaire were administered to intervention and control learners pre-, post-, and 6 months post clinical placements. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. Qualitative data collected through journals and questionnaires were analyzed using content analysis.Findings: Eleven IP clinical placements occurred at 3 test sites involving 32 intervention and 11 control learner participants. There was no significant change, over time, in the ATHCTS quality of care and physician centrality scores for the combined group (i.e., intervention and control) and between intervention and control groups. Time effects were noted in the quality of care scores for the intervention group after controlling for prior IPE (p = .031). The Knowledge scores were higher for the intervention group compared with controls over time (p = .004). Both intervention and control groups demonstrated significant improvements in their TSS scores over time (p = .000), although there was no significant difference in the magnitude of the change between groups (p = .112). Themes observed through qualitative analysis of learners' journals and post-program reflective questionnaires supported the quantitative findings.Conclusions: The IEGC experience was valuable to senior pre-licensure learners in helping them understand collaborative patient-centred practice and team skills. Future research should strive for larger sample sizes through multi-site projects to allow for comparisons within and between clinical sites.

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