A 2-Year Prospective Study of Injury Epidemiology in Elite Australian Rugby Sevens: Exploration of Incidence Rates, Severity, Injury Type, and Subsequent Injury in Men and Women

Background: Injuries are common in rugby sevens, but studies to date have been limited to short, noncontinuous periods and reporting of match injuries only. Purpose: To report the injury incidence rate (IIR), severity, and burden of injuries sustained by men and women in the Australian rugby sevens program and to provide the first longitudinal investigation of subsequent injury occurrence in rugby sevens looking beyond tournament injuries only. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Ninety international rugby sevens players (55 men and 35 women) were prospectively followed over 2 consecutive seasons (2015-2016 and 2016-2017). All medical attention injuries were reported irrespective of time loss. Individual exposure in terms of minutes, distance, and high-speed distance was captured for each player for matches and on-field training, with the use of global positioning system devices. The IIR and injury burden (IIR × days lost to injury) were calculated per 1000 player-hours, and descriptive analyses were performed. Results: Seventy-three players (81.1%) sustained 365 injuries at an IIR of 43.2 per 1000 player-hours (95% CI, 38.8-47.8). As compared with male players, female players experienced a lower but nonsignificant IIR (incidence rate ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.73-1.12). Female players also sustained a higher proportion of injuries to the trunk region (relative risk, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.28-2.40) but a lower number to the head/neck region (relative risk, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37-0.93; P = .011). The majority (80.7%) of subsequent injuries were of a different site and nature than previous injuries. A trend toward a reduced number of days, participation time, distance, and high-speed distance completed before the next injury was observed after successive injury occurrence. Conclusion: A trend for a lower IIR was observed for female players compared with male players, with variation of injury profiles observed between sexes. With a surveillance period of 2 years, subsequent injuries account for the majority of injuries sustained in rugby sevens, and they are typically different from previous types of sustained injuries. After each successive injury, the risk profile for future injury occurrence appears to be altered, which warrants further investigation to inform injury prevention strategies in rugby sevens.

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Injury epidemiology in professional ballet: a five-season prospective study of 1596 medical attention injuries and 543 time-loss injuries

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2020-103817 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bjsports-2020-103817

Author(s):

Adam M Mattiussi ◽

Joseph W Shaw ◽

Sean Williams ◽

Phil DB Price ◽

Derrick D Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Time Loss ◽

Additional Time ◽

Ballet Dancers ◽

Dance Training

ObjectivesTo describe the incidence rate, severity, burden and aetiology of medical attention and time-loss injuries across five consecutive seasons at a professional ballet company.MethodsMedical attention injuries, time-loss injuries and dance exposure hours of 123 professional ballet dancers (women: n=66, age: 28.0±8.3 years; men: n=57, age: 27.9±8.5 years) were prospectively recorded between the 2015/2016 and 2019/2020 seasons.ResultsThe incidence rate (per 1000 hours) of medical attention injury was 3.9 (95% CI 3.3 to 4.4) for women and 3.1 (95% CI 2.6 to 3.5) for men. The incidence rate (per 1000 hours) of time-loss injury was 1.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.5) for women and 1.1 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.3) for men. First Soloists and Principals experienced between 2.0–2.2 additional medical attention injuries per 1000 hours and 0.9–1.1 additional time-loss injuries per 1000 hours compared with Apprentices (p≤0.025). Further, intraseason differences were observed in medical attention, but not time-loss, injury incidence rates with the highest incidence rates in early (August and September) and late (June) season months. Thirty-five per cent of time-loss injuries resulted in over 28 days of modified dance training. A greater percentage of time-loss injuries were classified as overuse (women: 50%; men: 51%) compared with traumatic (women: 40%; men: 41%).ConclusionThis is the first study to report the incidence rate of medical attention and time-loss injuries in professional ballet dancers. Incidence rates differed across company ranks and months, which may inform targeted injury prevention strategies.

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Injury Incidence Across the Menstrual Cycle in International Footballers

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living ◽

10.3389/fspor.2021.616999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Martin ◽

Kate Timmins ◽

Charlotte Cowie ◽

Jon Alty ◽

Ritan Mehta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Follicular Phase ◽

Tendon Injuries ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Rate Ratios ◽

Late Follicular Phase

Objectives: This study aimed to assess how menstrual cycle phase and extended menstrual cycle length influence the incidence of injuries in international footballers.Methods: Over a 4-year period, injuries from England international footballers at training camps or matches were recorded, alongside self-reported information on menstrual cycle characteristics at the point of injury. Injuries in eumenorrheic players were categorized into early follicular, late follicular, or luteal phase. Frequencies were also compared between injuries recorded during the typical cycle and those that occurred after the cycle would be expected to have finished. Injury incidence rates (per 1,000 person days) and injury incidence rate ratios were calculated for each phase for all injuries and injuries stratified by type.Results: One hundred fifty-six injuries from 113 players were eligible for analysis. Injury incidence rates per 1,000 person-days were 31.9 in the follicular, 46.8 in the late follicular, and 35.4 in the luteal phase, resulting in injury incidence rate ratios of 1.47 (Late follicular:Follicular), 1.11 (Luteal:Follicular), and 0.76 (Luteal:Late follicular). Injury incident rate ratios showed that muscle and tendon injury rates were 88% greater in the late follicular phase compared to the follicular phase, with muscle rupture/tear/strain/cramps and tendon injuries/ruptures occurring over twice as often during the late follicular phase compared to other phases 20% of injuries were reported as occurring when athletes were “overdue” menses.Conclusion: Muscle and tendon injuries occurred almost twice as often in the late follicular phase compared to the early follicular or luteal phase. Injury risk may be elevated in typically eumenorrheic women in the days after their next menstruation was expected to start.

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The Incidence of Symptomatic Urolithiasis in Royal Naval Submariners

Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service ◽

10.1136/jrnms-74-86 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 86-94

Author(s):

P. I. Raffaelli

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Crude Incidence ◽

Behavioural Factors ◽

Respective Rate

AbstractSubmariners are exposed to a number of environmental, dietary and behavioural factors thought to be associated with urolithiasis. A comparative study of the incidence rate in submariners and non-submariners over a seven year period was carried out.A total of 267 cases of uroli thias is resulting in illness of 48 hours or greater duration were recorded during the years 1979 to 1985 of which 251 were available for study. Thirty four were identified as submariners and 217 as non-submariners (94% successfully identified). The total person years at risk for the two groups were 45, 171 and 311, 619 respectively. The crude incidence rates, indirectly standardised incidence ratio, the indirectly standardised incidence rates and the relative risk were calculated. Although each respective rate was greater for submariners than that for non-submariners the differences were not statistically significant. It is concluded that this study has failed to identify an increased relative risk for submariners to develop symptomatic urolithiasis.

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Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in Professional Ultimate Frisbee Athletes

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-269-18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 195-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Matthew C. Hess ◽

David I. Swedler ◽

Christine S. Collins ◽

Brent A. Ponce ◽

Eugene W. Brabston

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Epidemiologic Study ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Thigh Muscle ◽

Surveillance Program ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Descriptive Epidemiology ◽

Injury Rates ◽

Ultimate Frisbee ◽

Rate Ratios

Context Injuries in professional ultimate Frisbee (ultimate) athletes have never been described. Objective To determine injury rates, profiles, and associated factors using the first injury-surveillance program for professional ultimate. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting American Ultimate Disc League professional ultimate teams during the 2017 season. Patients or Other Participants Sixteen all-male teams. Main Outcome Measure(s) Injury incidence rates (IRs) were calculated as injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Incidence rate ratios were determined to compare IRs with 95% confidence intervals, which were used to calculate differences. Results We observed 299 injuries over 8963 AEs for a total IR of 33.36 per 1000 AEs. Most injuries affected the lower extremity (72%). The most common injuries were thigh-muscle strains (12.7%) and ankle-ligament sprains (11.4%). Running was the most frequent injury mechanism (32%). Twenty-nine percent of injuries involved collisions; however, the concussion rate was low (IR = 0.22 per 1000 AEs). Injuries were more likely to occur during competition and in the second half of games. An artificial turf playing surface did not affect overall injury rates (Mantel-Haenszel incidence rate ratio = 1.28; 95% confidence interval = 0.99, 1.67). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiologic study of professional ultimate injuries. Injury rates were comparable with those of similar collegiate- and professional-level sports.

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Epidemiology of injuries in professional football: a systematic review and meta-analysis

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2018-099577 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (12) ◽

pp. 711-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Alejandro López-Valenciano ◽

Iñaki Ruiz-Pérez ◽

Alberto Garcia-Gómez ◽

Francisco J Vera-Garcia ◽

Mark De Ste Croix ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Football Players ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Lower Extremity Injuries ◽

Trial Quality

ObjectiveWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological data of injuries in professional male football.MethodForty-four studies have reported the incidence of injuries in football. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement and Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Studies were combined in a pooled analysis using a Poisson random effects regression model.ResultsThe overall incidence of injuries in professional male football players was 8.1 injuries/1000 hours of exposure. Match injury incidence (36 injuries/1000 hours of exposure) was almost 10 times higher than training injury incidence rate (3.7 injuries/1000 hours of exposure). Lower extremity injuries had the highest incidence rates (6.8 injuries/1000 hours of exposure). The most common types of injuries were muscle/tendon (4.6 injuries/1000 hours of exposure), which were frequently associated with traumatic incidents. Minor injuries (1–3 days of time loss) were the most common. The incidence rate of injuries in the top 5 European professional leagues was not different to that of the professional leagues in other countries (6.8 vs 7.6 injuries/1000 hours of exposure, respectively).ConclusionsProfessional male football players have a substantial risk of sustaining injuries, especially during matches.

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Multiple Sclerosis incidence rate in southern Iran: A Bayesian epidemiological study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34188/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Naeimehossadat Asmarian ◽

Zahra Sharafi ◽

Amin Mousavi ◽

Reis Jacques ◽

Ibon Tamayo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Fars Province ◽

Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) remains to be a public health challenge, due to its unknown biological mechanisms and clinical impacts on young people. The prevalence of this disease in Iran is reported to be 5.30 to 74.28 per 100,000-person. Because of high prevalence of this disease in Fars province, the purpose of this study was to assess the spatial pattern of MS incidence rate by modeling both the effects of spatial dependence between neighboring regions and risk factors in a Bayesian Poisson model, which can lead to the improvement of health resource allocation decisions.Method: Data from 5,468 patients diagnosed with MS were collected, according to the McDonald’s criteria. New cases of MS were reported by the MS Society of Fars province from 1991 until 2016. The association between the percentage of people with low vitamin D intake, smoking, abnormal BMI and alcohol consumption in addition to spatial structure in a Bayesian spatio-temporal hierarchical model were used to determine the relative risk and trend of MS incidence rate in 29 counties of Fars province. Results: County-level crude incidence rates ranged from 0.22 to 11.31 cases per 100,000-person population. The highest relative risk was estimated at 1.80 in the county of Shiraz, the capital of Fars province, while the lowest relative risk was estimated at 0.11 in Zarindasht county in southern of Fars. The percentages of vitamin D supplementation intake and smoking were significantly associated with the incidence rate of MS. The results showed that 1% increase in vitamin D supplementation intake is associated with 2% decrease in the risk of MS and 1% increase in smoking is associated with 16% increase in the risk of MS.Conclusion: Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis of MS incidence rate revealed that trend is less steep than the mean trend of this disease in the south and south east of Fars province, which is due to the association between the higher percentage of vitamin D supplementation intake and the lower percentage of smoking. Previous studies have also shown that smoking and low vitamin D, among all covariates or risk factors, might be associated with high incidence of MS.

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Impact of safety-engineered devices (SEDs) on the prevention of percutaneous injuries

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.406 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

J Garlasco ◽

M C Ottino ◽

E Rainero ◽

A Argentero ◽

C M Zotti

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Needlestick Injuries ◽

Hospital Practice ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Needlestick injuries represent a major occupational hazard for healthcare workers as they lead to exposure to biological fluids, with higher risk of bloodborne pathogen infections. In order to minimise this risk, safety-engineered devices (SEDs) have been developed and introduced into the daily hospital practice. An annual survey, conducted by the Department of Public Health Sciences of the University of Turin since 1999, has been evaluating the number of percutaneous accidents in the hospitals of Piedmont (Italy), assessing also the impact of the introduction of SEDs on the injury incidence rate. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate the efficacy of SEDs in preventing needlestick injuries. Methods Data about percutaneous injuries and needle consumption were obtained from 42 hospitals of Piedmont for the years 2014-2017, concerning all the types of needles and sharps most commonly used in the departments. After considering the overall trend of percutaneous events, standardised rates for 100000 needles were computed for both SEDs and conventional devices. The same analysis was performed considering all sharps except standard needles, which are mainly used for procedures not involving contact with patients (e.g. drug dilution). Results The comparison between the incidence rates with SEDs and conventional devices showed a slightly protective effect of SEDs in 2014, 2016 and 2017, with an incidence rate ratio ranging from 0.78 to 0.97. However, by removing the confounding effect of standard needles, the analysis yielded strong statistical evidence of the protective effect of SEDs for all years (RR = 0.28-0.63). Moreover, the total number of percutaneous events shows a trend of general decrease. Conclusions Safety devices have proved to be significantly effective in the prevention of needlestick injuries, and their introduction into the daily practice is one of the factors who could contribute to a reduction of percutaneous events. Key messages Safety-engineered devices are a very important tool in the prevention of injuries in healthcare workers, and their introduction into hospital practice has reduced the number of percutaneous injuries. Safety-engineered devices are significantly protective against percutaneous injuries compared to conventional ones, especially for procedures involving contact with patients (therefore at high risk).

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Abstract 14715: Diabetes and Relative Rates of Cardiovascular Events in Women Compared With Men

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.14715 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Denis Angoulvant ◽

Pierre Henri Ducluzeau ◽

Peggy Renoult Pierre ◽

Gregoire Fauchier ◽

Julien Herbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Adverse Cardiovascular Event ◽

Men And Women ◽

Diabetes Status

Data are inconsistent regarding sex-differences in the relative rates of cardiovascular events associated with diabetes. We aimed to investigate whether diabetes confers higher relative rates of cardiovascular events in women compared with men using contemporary data, and whether these sex-differences depend on age. Methods: All patients seen in French hospitals in 2013 with at least 5 years or follow-up (or dying earlier) without a history major adverse cardiovascular event, were identified and characterized by individual-level linkage of French nationwide administrative registers. They were categorized by diabetes-status and followed-up until 31 December 2019. Using Cox models, we calculated overall and age-dependent incidence rates, incidence rate ratios, and women-to-men ratios for myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death (MACE-HF). Results: The study included 3,381,472 individuals among whom 482,848 (14.3%) had diabetes (88.1% with type 2 diabetes). Among 482,848 (45% women) patients with diabetes, the absolute rate of MACE-HF was higher in men than in women (9.7 vs. 7.4 per 100 person-years). Corresponding absolute rates in men and women without diabetes were 4.9 vs. 3.1 per 100 person-years. Comparing individuals with and without diabetes, women had higher incidence rate ratio (IRR) of MACE-HF than men (IRR 2.42 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.40-2.44) in women vs. 1.99, 95% CI 1.98-2.01 in men) with a women-to-men ratio (WMR) of 1.22 (CI 1.20-1.23, p<0.001). The IRRs of MACE-HF for diabetes vs no diabetes were highest in women aged 45 and in the youngest men and decreased with advancing age for both men and women, but the IRRs were higher in women across all ages, with the highest WMR between age 45 and 70 years. This effect was more apparent for myocardial infarction (women-to-men ratio 1.43, 95%CI 1.39-1.47 after adjustment) than for ischemic stroke (WMR 1.10, 95%CI 1.07-1.13 after adjustment) or overall MACE-HF (WMR 1.16, 95%CI 1.15-1.18 after adjustment). Conclusion: Although men have higher absolute rates of cardiovascular complications, the relative rates of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes are higher in women than in men across all ages in recent years.

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Multiple Sclerosis incidence rate in southern Iran: A Bayesian epidemiological study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34188/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Naeimehossadat Asmarian ◽

Zahra Sharafi ◽

Amin Mousavi ◽

Reis Jacques ◽

Ibon Tamayo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Fars Province ◽

Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) remains to be a public health challenge, due to its unknown biological mechanisms and clinical impacts on young people. The prevalence of this disease in Iran is reported to be 5.30 to 74.28 per 100,000-person. Because of high prevalence of this disease in Fars province, the purpose of this study was to assess the spatial pattern of MS incidence rate by modeling both the effects of spatial dependence between neighboring regions and risk factors in a Bayesian Poisson model, which can lead to the improvement of health resource allocation decisions. Method: Data from 5,468 patients diagnosed with MS were collected, according to the McDonald’s criteria. New cases of MS were reported by the MS Society of Fars province from 1991 until 2016. The association between the percentage of people with low vitamin D intake, smoking, abnormal BMI and alcohol consumption in addition to spatial structure in a Bayesian spatio-temporal hierarchical model were used to determine the relative risk and trend of MS incidence rate in 29 counties of Fars province. Results: County-level crude incidence rates ranged from 0.22 to 11.31 cases per 100,000-person population. The highest relative risk was estimated at 1.80 in the county of Shiraz, the capital of Fars province, while the lowest relative risk was estimated at 0.11 in Zarindasht county in southern of Fars. The percentages of vitamin D supplementation intake and smoking were significantly associated with the incidence rate of MS. The results showed that 1% increase in vitamin D supplementation intake is associated with 2% decrease in the risk of MS and 1% increase in smoking is associated with 16% increase in the risk of MS. Conclusion: Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis of MS incidence rate revealed that trend is less steep than the mean trend of this disease in the south and south east of Fars province, which is due to the association between the higher percentage of vitamin D supplementation intake and the lower percentage of smoking. Previous studies have also shown that smoking and low vitamin D, among all covariates might be associated with high incidence of MS

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Multiple sclerosis incidence rate in southern Iran: a Bayesian epidemiological study

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-021-02342-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Naeimehossadat Asmarian ◽

Zahra Sharafi ◽

Amin Mousavi ◽

Reis Jacques ◽

Ibon Tamayo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Fars Province ◽

Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) remains to be a public health challenge, due to its unknown biological mechanisms and clinical impacts on young people. The prevalence of this disease in Iran is reported to be 5.30 to 74.28 per 100,000-person. Because of high prevalence of this disease in Fars province, the purpose of this study was to assess the spatial pattern of MS incidence rate by modeling both the associations s of spatial dependence between neighboring regions and risk factors in a Bayesian Poisson model, which can lead to the improvement of health resource allocation decisions. Method Data from 5468 patients diagnosed with MS were collected, according to the McDonald’s criteria. New cases of MS were reported by the MS Society of Fars province from 1991 until 2016. The association between the percentage of people with low vitamin D intake, smoking, abnormal BMI and alcohol consumption in addition to spatial structure in a Bayesian spatio-temporal hierarchical model were used to determine the relative risk and trend of MS incidence rate in 29 counties of Fars province. Results County-level crude incidence rates ranged from 0.22 to 11.31 cases per 100,000-person population. The highest relative risk was estimated at 1.80 in the county of Shiraz, the capital of Fars province, while the lowest relative risk was estimated at 0.11 in Zarindasht county in southern of Fars. The percentages of vitamin D supplementation intake and smoking were significantly associated with the incidence rate of MS. The results showed that 1% increase in vitamin D supplementation intake is associated with 2% decrease in the risk of MS and 1% increase in smoking is associated with 16% increase in the risk of MS. Conclusion Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis of MS incidence rate revealed that the trend in the south and south east of Fars province is less steep than the mean trend of this disease. The lower incidence rate was associated with a higher percentage of vitamin D supplementation intake and a lower percentage of smoking. Previous studies have also shown that smoking and low vitamin D, among all covariates or risk factors, might be associated with high incidence of MS.

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