The Incidence of Symptomatic Urolithiasis in Royal Naval Submariners

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
P. I. Raffaelli
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Respective Rate

AbstractSubmariners are exposed to a number of environmental, dietary and behavioural factors thought to be associated with urolithiasis. A comparative study of the incidence rate in submariners and non-submariners over a seven year period was carried out.A total of 267 cases of uroli thias is resulting in illness of 48 hours or greater duration were recorded during the years 1979 to 1985 of which 251 were available for study. Thirty four were identified as submariners and 217 as non-submariners (94% successfully identified). The total person years at risk for the two groups were 45, 171 and 311, 619 respectively. The crude incidence rates, indirectly standardised incidence ratio, the indirectly standardised incidence rates and the relative risk were calculated. Although each respective rate was greater for submariners than that for non-submariners the differences were not statistically significant. It is concluded that this study has failed to identify an increased relative risk for submariners to develop symptomatic urolithiasis.

scholarly journals Nationwide incidence of central retinal artery occlusion in Japan: an exploratory descriptive study using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims (2011–2015)

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e041104
Author(s):  
Ai Kido ◽  
Hiroshi Tamura ◽  
Hanako Ohashi Ikeda ◽  
Masahiro Miyake ◽  
Shusuke Hiragi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
National Database ◽  
Insurance Claims ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Health Insurance Claims

AimsThe latest evidence in the incidence of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is needed to support the development of novel treatments as orphan drugs. However, up-to-date information on the incidence of CRAO in the ageing or aged population is limited. We aimed to investigate the nationwide epidemiological and clinical characteristics of CRAO in Japan, using nationwide health insurance claims data.MethodsWe analysed a total of 16 069 762 claims data in the sampling dataset of the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB), which is the nationwide health insurance claims database of 127 million whole Japanese individuals. CRAO was identified using the International Classification of Diseases 10th edition diagnostic code H34.1. The crude incidence rates and age-standardised incidence rates of CRAO, according to the standard age-structure population of the WHO, were calculated.ResultsThe crude incidence rate of CRAO in Japan was 5.84 (95% CI, 5.71 to 5.97) per 100 000 person-years. With respect to the sex-related incidence, the rate was higher 1.40 times in men than in women (6.85 (95% CI, 6.65 to 7.06) vs 4.88 (95% CI, 4.71 to 5.05), p<0.001). The age-standardised incidence rate was 2.53 (95% CI, 2.29 to 2.76) per 100 000 person-years.ConclusionsThe crude incidence rate of CRAO was higher in Japan than in other countries, as reported previously, reflecting the Japanese population structure as a super-aged society. These findings can be helpful for the development of appropriate healthcare policies to address the increasing incidence of CRAO with the ageing population.

scholarly journals A 2-Year Prospective Study of Injury Epidemiology in Elite Australian Rugby Sevens: Exploration of Incidence Rates, Severity, Injury Type, and Subsequent Injury in Men and Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1302-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam A. Toohey ◽  
Michael K. Drew ◽  
Caroline F. Finch ◽  
Jill L. Cook ◽  
Lauren V. Fortington
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Injury Occurrence ◽  
Subsequent Injury

Background: Injuries are common in rugby sevens, but studies to date have been limited to short, noncontinuous periods and reporting of match injuries only. Purpose: To report the injury incidence rate (IIR), severity, and burden of injuries sustained by men and women in the Australian rugby sevens program and to provide the first longitudinal investigation of subsequent injury occurrence in rugby sevens looking beyond tournament injuries only. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Ninety international rugby sevens players (55 men and 35 women) were prospectively followed over 2 consecutive seasons (2015-2016 and 2016-2017). All medical attention injuries were reported irrespective of time loss. Individual exposure in terms of minutes, distance, and high-speed distance was captured for each player for matches and on-field training, with the use of global positioning system devices. The IIR and injury burden (IIR × days lost to injury) were calculated per 1000 player-hours, and descriptive analyses were performed. Results: Seventy-three players (81.1%) sustained 365 injuries at an IIR of 43.2 per 1000 player-hours (95% CI, 38.8-47.8). As compared with male players, female players experienced a lower but nonsignificant IIR (incidence rate ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.73-1.12). Female players also sustained a higher proportion of injuries to the trunk region (relative risk, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.28-2.40) but a lower number to the head/neck region (relative risk, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37-0.93; P = .011). The majority (80.7%) of subsequent injuries were of a different site and nature than previous injuries. A trend toward a reduced number of days, participation time, distance, and high-speed distance completed before the next injury was observed after successive injury occurrence. Conclusion: A trend for a lower IIR was observed for female players compared with male players, with variation of injury profiles observed between sexes. With a surveillance period of 2 years, subsequent injuries account for the majority of injuries sustained in rugby sevens, and they are typically different from previous types of sustained injuries. After each successive injury, the risk profile for future injury occurrence appears to be altered, which warrants further investigation to inform injury prevention strategies in rugby sevens.

Breast cancer incidence in a large cohort of Peruvian women affiliated to a pre-paid system.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12570-e12570
Author(s):  
Juan F. Suazo ◽  
Priscila I. Valdiviezo ◽  
Claudio J. Flores ◽  
Jorge Iberico ◽  
Joseph A. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
At Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Age Group

e12570 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common malignancy and the leading cause of death by cancer in Peruvian women (age-standarized rate [ASR] of 34 new cases/100,000 women estimated by GLOBOCAN 2008). The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of BCin acohort ofwomenat Oncosalud, an oncologic pre-paid system that currently has 600,000 affiliates. Methods: We evaluated a dynamic cohort (period 1989 to 2011) of women affiliatedat Oncosalud – AUNA, an oncologic prepaid system.The crude incidence rate per year (number of new cases/women at risk), the specific rate according to age (number of new cases / persons-year) and cumulative risk were calculated. Results: Overall, during the assessment period, the BC incidence rate per year was 175.6 and the ASR incidence was 111.9 per 100,000 affiliates respectively. In our cohort of affiliates there were no BC cases before 1993 (with 907 women at risk for that year). The highest incidence rate was 177.6 registered in 1997 (11,822 women at risk). Incidence rates started decreasing in 2003 (169.2 with a population at risk of 39,593 women). The lowest incidence was 71.5, registered in 2011 (279,680 women at risk).According to age-groups, there were no BC cases under20 years old. Specificincidence ratesper age-group increases from the 30 year old-group (55.8). The peak of BC incidence was between 70 to 74 years old (407.4). In the same way, the cumulative risk increases after 30 years old. Conclusions: In our cohort of affiliates, the incidence of BC is greater than the general population, it could be due to the process of negative selection; however, specific incidence rates per age-group and cumulative risk are increased after 30 years, as seen in the general population.

scholarly journals A State Level Retrospective Analysis of Newborn Screening for Hemoglobinopathies

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 5806-5806
Author(s):  
Maryam Gbadamosi-Akindele ◽  
Sarah Aurit ◽  
Amissabah Johnson ◽  
Alex Nester
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
State Level ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Variant Hemoglobin

Introduction: Screening for variant hemoglobin is essential in identifying newborns born with hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell trait (SCT). Screening allows families the opportunity for patient education as well as genetic counseling. This study aimed to better understand the trends in newborn screening of variant hemoglobin in the state of Nebraska over a period of eight years. Methods: Using the Department of Health and Human Services state-level screening information,the crude incidence rate of SCT was calculated as the screened positives divided by the total number of screened newborns within the state of Nebraska from 2011 to 2018. Rates were further delineated by variant. A Daniel's test was utilized to determine if the crude incidence rates exhibited characteristics of a trend. Rates were also examined with joinpoint regression to determine annual percent change (APC). Excel v 1808 and Joinpoint Trend Analysis v 4.5 software packages were used for all analyses; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: We identified 3,416 newborns with SCT among a total of 211,697 live births, which is an incidence rate of 161.4 cases per 10,000 screened newborns. There was no evidence of a trend in the overall incidence rate from 2011 to 2018 (p = 0.493). However, the incidence of FA Barts significantly increased over the examined interval (p = 0.015) with a 4.4% APC (95% CI: 0.7% to 8.3%; p =0.026) Conclusion: The data obtained from this study showed no significant change in the incidence of SCT in the state of Nebraska from 2011 to 2018. However, there was a significant increase in the incidence of Hemoglobin FA Barts. Hemoglobin FA Barts is associated primarily with alpha thalassemia, which is most prevalent in southeast Asia, but is also common in the Mediterranean, Africa, Middle east, Central Asia and India. This finding is of interest and likely related to the changing migration patterns in the state of Nebraska. For the healthcare system to continue to provide appropriate care, future studies should aim to further elucidate this trend and patient demographics of this increasing patient population in the state of Nebraska. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis incidence rate in southern Iran: A Bayesian epidemiological study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeimehossadat Asmarian ◽  
Zahra Sharafi ◽  
Amin Mousavi ◽  
Reis Jacques ◽  
Ibon Tamayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) remains to be a public health challenge, due to its unknown biological mechanisms and clinical impacts on young people. The prevalence of this disease in Iran is reported to be 5.30 to 74.28 per 100,000-person. Because of high prevalence of this disease in Fars province, the purpose of this study was to assess the spatial pattern of MS incidence rate by modeling both the effects of spatial dependence between neighboring regions and risk factors in a Bayesian Poisson model, which can lead to the improvement of health resource allocation decisions.Method: Data from 5,468 patients diagnosed with MS were collected, according to the McDonald’s criteria. New cases of MS were reported by the MS Society of Fars province from 1991 until 2016. The association between the percentage of people with low vitamin D intake, smoking, abnormal BMI and alcohol consumption in addition to spatial structure in a Bayesian spatio-temporal hierarchical model were used to determine the relative risk and trend of MS incidence rate in 29 counties of Fars province. Results: County-level crude incidence rates ranged from 0.22 to 11.31 cases per 100,000-person population. The highest relative risk was estimated at 1.80 in the county of Shiraz, the capital of Fars province, while the lowest relative risk was estimated at 0.11 in Zarindasht county in southern of Fars. The percentages of vitamin D supplementation intake and smoking were significantly associated with the incidence rate of MS. The results showed that 1% increase in vitamin D supplementation intake is associated with 2% decrease in the risk of MS and 1% increase in smoking is associated with 16% increase in the risk of MS.Conclusion: Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis of MS incidence rate revealed that trend is less steep than the mean trend of this disease in the south and south east of Fars province, which is due to the association between the higher percentage of vitamin D supplementation intake and the lower percentage of smoking. Previous studies have also shown that smoking and low vitamin D, among all covariates or risk factors, might be associated with high incidence of MS.

EXPRESS: A Prospective Population-Based Study of Stroke in the Central Region of Iran: The Qom Incidence of Stroke Study (QSIS).

2021 ◽  
pp. 174749302110375
Author(s):  
Mohammad Aghaali ◽  
Sadegh Yoosefee ◽  
Seyed Amir Hejazi ◽  
Ashfaq Shuaib ◽  
Maryam Rahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
At Risk Populations

Objective: The present study is one of the few population-based studies that have been conducted in the Middle East, aimed to determine the incidence of stroke in Qom, one of the central provinces of Iran. Methods: The Qom province includes an estimated at-risk population of about 1 million. During a twelve-month period (November 2018–November 2019), all first-ever strokes occurring in the target population were registered. Hospitalized cases were ascertained by discharge codes. Out-of-hospital cases were ascertained by a prospective screening of EMS services, emergency departments, ambulances records, primary care clinics, rural and urban public health centers, primary care physician offices, and neurologists' offices. Crude and age-adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000 person-years) were calculated using the direct method with the world standard population. Results: During the study period, 1462 first-ever strokes occurred with a mean age of 68.1 (17-103) years, of these, 45.2% were female (661 cases). The crude annual incidence rate per 100,000 at-risk populations was 145.4 (95% CI, 138.1 to 153.0) for all types of stroke (156.5 for male and 134.3 for female), 26.4 (95% CI, 23.5 to 29.8) for hemorrhagic stroke, and 114 (95% CI, 105 to 121) for ischemic stroke. The incidence rate adjusted to the world population was 201.4 (95% CI, 193-210) per 100,000 at-risk populations (adj incidence, 218.5 for male vs 187.4 for female). The total fatality rate during the first 28 days, was 19.6%. Conclusion: This study confirms the higher incidence of stroke and at a younger age, in this region, accompanied by the higher prevalence of underlying stroke risk factors than the global average.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis incidence rate in southern Iran: A Bayesian epidemiological study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeimehossadat Asmarian ◽  
Zahra Sharafi ◽  
Amin Mousavi ◽  
Reis Jacques ◽  
Ibon Tamayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) remains to be a public health challenge, due to its unknown biological mechanisms and clinical impacts on young people. The prevalence of this disease in Iran is reported to be 5.30 to 74.28 per 100,000-person. Because of high prevalence of this disease in Fars province, the purpose of this study was to assess the spatial pattern of MS incidence rate by modeling both the effects of spatial dependence between neighboring regions and risk factors in a Bayesian Poisson model, which can lead to the improvement of health resource allocation decisions. Method: Data from 5,468 patients diagnosed with MS were collected, according to the McDonald’s criteria. New cases of MS were reported by the MS Society of Fars province from 1991 until 2016. The association between the percentage of people with low vitamin D intake, smoking, abnormal BMI and alcohol consumption in addition to spatial structure in a Bayesian spatio-temporal hierarchical model were used to determine the relative risk and trend of MS incidence rate in 29 counties of Fars province. Results: County-level crude incidence rates ranged from 0.22 to 11.31 cases per 100,000-person population. The highest relative risk was estimated at 1.80 in the county of Shiraz, the capital of Fars province, while the lowest relative risk was estimated at 0.11 in Zarindasht county in southern of Fars. The percentages of vitamin D supplementation intake and smoking were significantly associated with the incidence rate of MS. The results showed that 1% increase in vitamin D supplementation intake is associated with 2% decrease in the risk of MS and 1% increase in smoking is associated with 16% increase in the risk of MS. Conclusion: Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis of MS incidence rate revealed that trend is less steep than the mean trend of this disease in the south and south east of Fars province, which is due to the association between the higher percentage of vitamin D supplementation intake and the lower percentage of smoking. Previous studies have also shown that smoking and low vitamin D, among all covariates might be associated with high incidence of MS

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Clinical Hantavirus Infections in Barbados, 2008-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Osmond Douglas ◽  
Thelma Alafia Samuels ◽  
Marquita Gittens-St. Hilaire
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Crude Incidence Rate ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
English Speaking

Analysis of the demographic, temporal and seasonal distribution of hantavirus infections in Barbados was conducted using national surveillance data for 861 laboratory confirmed cases during 2008-2016. The crude incidence rate of hantavirus infections varied from 5.05 to 100.16 per 100,000 persons per year. One major hantavirus epidemic occurred in Barbados during 2010. Hantavirus cases occurred throughout the year with low level transmission during the dry season (December to June) with increased transmission during rainy season (July to November) and a seasonal peak in August. Hantavirus incidence rates were significantly higher in females than males every year during the study period. More than 50% of hantavirus cases were 30 years of age or less. The highest incidence rate (63.36 cases per 100,000 population) was observed among patients 0&ndash;4 years of age. This represents the first epidemiological data for hantavirus disease among an entire population in the English-speaking Caribbean.

scholarly journals Multiple sclerosis incidence rate in southern Iran: a Bayesian epidemiological study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeimehossadat Asmarian ◽  
Zahra Sharafi ◽  
Amin Mousavi ◽  
Reis Jacques ◽  
Ibon Tamayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) remains to be a public health challenge, due to its unknown biological mechanisms and clinical impacts on young people. The prevalence of this disease in Iran is reported to be 5.30 to 74.28 per 100,000-person. Because of high prevalence of this disease in Fars province, the purpose of this study was to assess the spatial pattern of MS incidence rate by modeling both the associations s of spatial dependence between neighboring regions and risk factors in a Bayesian Poisson model, which can lead to the improvement of health resource allocation decisions. Method Data from 5468 patients diagnosed with MS were collected, according to the McDonald’s criteria. New cases of MS were reported by the MS Society of Fars province from 1991 until 2016. The association between the percentage of people with low vitamin D intake, smoking, abnormal BMI and alcohol consumption in addition to spatial structure in a Bayesian spatio-temporal hierarchical model were used to determine the relative risk and trend of MS incidence rate in 29 counties of Fars province. Results County-level crude incidence rates ranged from 0.22 to 11.31 cases per 100,000-person population. The highest relative risk was estimated at 1.80 in the county of Shiraz, the capital of Fars province, while the lowest relative risk was estimated at 0.11 in Zarindasht county in southern of Fars. The percentages of vitamin D supplementation intake and smoking were significantly associated with the incidence rate of MS. The results showed that 1% increase in vitamin D supplementation intake is associated with 2% decrease in the risk of MS and 1% increase in smoking is associated with 16% increase in the risk of MS. Conclusion Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis of MS incidence rate revealed that the trend in the south and south east of Fars province is less steep than the mean trend of this disease. The lower incidence rate was associated with a higher percentage of vitamin D supplementation intake and a lower percentage of smoking. Previous studies have also shown that smoking and low vitamin D, among all covariates or risk factors, might be associated with high incidence of MS.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis incidence rate in southern Iran: A Bayesian epidemiological study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeimehossadat Asmarian ◽  
Zahra Sharafi ◽  
Amin Mousavi ◽  
Reis Jacques ◽  
Ibon Tamayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) remains to be a public health challenge, due to its unknown biological mechanisms and clinical impacts on young people. The prevalence of this disease in Iran is reported to be 5.30 to 74.28 per 100,000-person. Because of high prevalence of this disease in Fars province, the purpose of this study was to assess the spatial pattern of MS incidence rate by modeling both the effects of spatial dependence between neighboring regions and risk factors in a Bayesian Poisson model, which can lead to the improvement of health resource allocation decisions.Method: Data from 5,468 patients diagnosed with MS were collected, according to the McDonald’s criteria. New cases of MS were reported by the MS Society of Fars province from 1991 until 2016. The association between the percentage of people with low vitamin D intake, smoking, abnormal BMI and alcohol consumption in addition to spatial structure in a Bayesian spatio-temporal hierarchical model were used to determine the relative risk and trend of MS incidence rate in 29 counties of Fars province. Results: County-level crude incidence rates ranged from 0.22 to 11.31 cases per 100,000-person population. The highest relative risk was estimated at 1.80 in the county of Shiraz, the capital of Fars province, while the lowest relative risk was estimated at 0.11 in Zarindasht county in southern of Fars. The percentages of vitamin D supplementation intake and smoking were significantly associated with the incidence rate of MS. The results showed that 1% increase in vitamin D supplementation intake is associated with 2% decrease in the risk of MS and 1% increase in smoking is associated with 16% increase in the risk of MS.Conclusion: Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis of MS incidence rate revealed that the trend in the south and south east of Fars province is less steep than the mean trend of this disease. The lower incidence rate was associated with a higher percentage of vitamin D supplementation intake and a lower percentage of smoking. Previous studies have also shown that smoking and low vitamin D, among all covariates or risk factors, might be associated with high incidence of MS.

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