Parenchymal Kidney Cancer Today: Environmental and Occupational Risk Factors

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
D. Marcolina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Coke Production ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Carcinogenic Substance ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Carcinogenic Substances ◽  
By Products

In the last few years, mortality rates for kidney cancer have increased. Occupational kidney cancer is a recently-identified disease. The purpose of this work is to point out the environmental and occupational factors correlated with this pathology. IARC carcinogenic-substance lists and principal national and international epidemiologic studies are analyzed. Some professions prove to be correlated with kidney cancer: carbon coke production (clearly carcinogenic); cadmium and by-products (probably carcinogenic); lead and by-products (possibly carcinogenic). Most epidemiologic studies have shown a correlation between kidney cancer and exposure to petroleum and distillates, even if results are not significant. Therefore further epidemiologic studies of workers are necessary in order to define carcinogenic substances and the occupational risks.

Occupational physical risk factors and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the traditional lacquerware toy makers of South India

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Hanumegowda ◽  
Sakthivel Gnanasekaran ◽  
Shankar Subramaniam ◽  
Adarsh Honnappa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
South India ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Study Results

BACKGROUND: The majority of handicraft workers in India falls under the informal sector, which plays a prominent role in the employment generation. Artisans in handicraft sectors encounter various hazards and risks causing occupational diseases. OBJECTIVE: The key objective of the study is to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and occupational risk factors among the artisans involved in making traditional lacquerware toys in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, South India. METHODS: The subjects considered in this study are 177 artisans who work in mechanized lathes at Channapatna of Karnataka and Etikoppaka of Andhra Pradesh, South India. The information regarding the reported work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) symptoms from 7 days to 12 months are collected through modified Standardized Nordic Questionnaire and by direct observations. Moreover, the intervention of WMSD in their day-to-day life and the overall comfort of their body are also determined. The questionnaire survey is conducted through face-to-face interviews and by direct field study. RESULTS: From the statistical analysis, it is found that about 76.83%of the study population (77.4%male and 74.28%female) has self-reported WMSDs. The prevalence of WMSD is most common in the age group of 30–40 years. Physical factors like workplace adaptability, stress at work, body postures, health status, body mass index, active and enough breaks during work and body condition at the end of work have a significant association with WMSD. CONCLUSION: In this study, many of the work-related and lifestyle/health-related factors show a significant association with WMSD in artisans. The sub-standard working environment and the nature of work expose artisans to many occupational risks in their day-to-day life. To mitigate the occupational risks and musculoskeletal disorders, the workspace needs to be resigned ergonomically.

scholarly journals Occupational Risk Factors and Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8277
Author(s):  
Emanuela Spadarella ◽  
Veruscka Leso ◽  
Luca Fontana ◽  
Angela Giordano ◽  
Ivo Iavicoli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Evidence Quality ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), including gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE), characterize a major cause of maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality. In this systematic review, we tested the hypothesis that occupational factors would impact the risk for HDP in pregnant workers. MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge databases were searched for studies published between database inception and 1 April 2021. All observational studies enrolling > 10 pregnant workers and published in English were included. Un-experimental, non-occupational human studies were excluded. Evidence was synthesized according to the risk for HDP development in employed women, eventually exposed to chemical, physical, biological and organizational risk factors. The evidence quality was assessed through the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Out of 745 records identified, 27 were eligible. No definite conclusions could be extrapolated for the majority of the examined risk factors, while more homogenous data supported positive associations between job-strain and HDP risk. Limitations due to the lack of suitable characterizations of workplace exposure (i.e., doses, length, co-exposures) and possible interplay with personal issues should be deeply addressed. This may be helpful to better assess occupational risks for pregnant women and plan adequate measures of control to protect their health and that of their children.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic risk factors for COVID-19 infection among Massachusetts healthcare workers: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Fan-Yun Lan ◽  
Robert Filler ◽  
Soni Mathew ◽  
Jane Buley ◽  
Eirini Iliaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Occupational Risks

Abstract Objective: To better understand COVID-19 transmission among healthcare workers (HCW), we investigated occupational and non-occupational risk factors associated with cumulative COVID-19 incidence among a Massachusetts HCW cohort. Design, setting, and participants: The retrospective cohort study included adult HCWs in a single healthcare system from March 9 to June 3, 2020. Methods: Participants’ SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal RT-PCR results and demographics were de-identified and extracted from an established occupational health, COVID-19 database at the healthcare system. HCWs from each particular job grouping had been categorized into frontline/non-frontline workers. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) and odds ratio were used to compare subgroups after excluding HCWs involved in early infection clusters before universal masking. A sensitivity analysis was performed comparing jobs with the greatest potential occupational risks with others. Results: 152 out of 5177 (2.94%) HCWs were diagnosed with COVID-19. Affected HCWs resided in areas with higher community attack rates (median: 1755.2 vs. 1412.4 cases per 100,000, P<0.001)(multivariate-adjusted IRR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.03–3.44 comparing 5th to 1st quintile of community rates). After multivariate adjustment, African Americans and Hispanics had higher incidence than non-Hispanic white HCWs (IRR: 2.78, 95%CI: 1.78–4.33; and IRR: 2.41, 95%CI: 1.42–4.07, respectively). After adjusting for race and residential rates, frontline HCWs had a higher IRR (1.73, 95%CI: 1.16–2.54) compared to non-frontline HCWs overall, but not within specific job categories, nor when comparing the highest risk jobs to others. Conclusions: After universal masking was instituted, the strongest risk factors associated with HCWs’ COVID-19 infection were residential community infection rate and race.

Occupational risk factors for kidney cancer: a cohort study in Sweden

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguang Ji ◽  
Charlotta Granström ◽  
Kari Hemminki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors

scholarly journals Kidney cancer epidemiology in Kazakhstan, 2010-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
K. UMURZAKOV ◽  
D. KAIDAROVA ◽  
B. APSALIKOV ◽  
G. SHALGUMBAYEVA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cancer Epidemiology ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidemiological Trends

Relevance: Kidney cancer is among the most common oncourological malignancies, which incidence is currently growing. Risk factors for kidney cancer include tobacco smoking, overweight, and a history of hypertension and chronic kidney diseases. Kidney cancer is twice more often in men than in women. The purpose was to study the epidemiological trends in Kazakhstan in 2010-2019 years. Results: In the study period, the kidney cancer incidence increased from 5.64 to 6.74, and mortality decreased from 2.65 to 1.96 per 100 000 population. Both unadjusted and standardized incidence was high at the age of 50-69 years in both sexes. The incidence decreased in the age group below 29, was stable at the age of 30-49, was unstable at the age of 50-69, and was growing at 70 years and above. Unadjusted mortality was high at the age of 70 and above. Standardized mortality was high at the age of 50-69. Conclusion: In Kazakhstan, in 2010-2019, there was an increase in kidney cancer incidence against the background of a decrease in mortality from this disease. The most unfavorable in terms of incidence was the age group of 50-69 years in both sexes. The highest absolute mortality was registered at the age of 70 and above, while standardized mortality rates were the highest at 50-69.

scholarly journals Occupational Risks in Occupational Therapy Service Learning: A Single-Site “Fear Factor” Study in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Deshini Naidoo ◽  
Pragashnie Govender ◽  
Stephanie Nicole Naidoo ◽  
Naledi Ngubane ◽  
Zamankosi Nkosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
Occupational Risks

Background. Service-learning constitutes the main practical component of an undergraduate health profession training programme. However, limited exploration of the potential occupational risks that students face during their service-learning placement is noted in the literature. Aim. This study in South Africa explored occupational risk factors as reported by occupational therapy students whilst engaged in service-learning. Methods. In this explorative qualitative study, purposeful homogenous sampling was used to recruit third and fourth level occupational therapy students who completed a Bachelor of Occupational Therapy degree. Three focus groups were conducted with seventeen students who voluntarily participated. Audio-recorded data were transcribed and analysed thematically using deductive reasoning. Results. Several concerns over potential occupational risks were reported, namely, anxiety over contracting infectious diseases, concerns around musculoskeletal injuries due to manual handling requirements, and inappropriate behaviour of clients, which made the students feel unsafe. Concerns around the implementation of infection control measures, the lack of resources allocated to infection control at some service-learning sites, as well as the coping strategies used during service-learning were highlighted. Conclusion. Varied occupational risk factors during service-learning were reported by students. These insights into the perceived occupational risk factors can be translated into actionable strategies to improve the preparation of health science students for service-learning, including coping skills to deal with the demands of service-learning.

Potential of Selected Indian Herbs for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Verma ◽  
Vaibhav Misra ◽  
Dileep Tiwari ◽  
Prakash S. Bisen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
First Case ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Introduction: Many environmental risk factors are associated with some form of chronic inflammation. The spread of COVID-19 across the world has impacted every one of us. The first case of coronavirus was reported on 30 January 2020 in India originating from China. Study Area: India has a tremendous capacity to deal with the coronavirus outbreak because of its high immunity and climatic conditions. Maintaining social distancing and hand washing is not a sufficient step for preventing COVID-19. Indian system of traditional medicine has a potential worth to enhance immunity, which can resist a novel coronavirus. Material & Methods: A detailed study was carried out by analyzing national and international scientific databases (PubMed, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, Mendeley), thesis, and recognized books. Only Indian herbs with high immunity resistant power were analyzed. Epidemiologic studies with information on COVID-19 risk factors and precautions also considered for study purposes. Results: Some herbs like Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice), Curcuma domestica Vahl (Turmeric), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy), Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Cinnamon (Dalchini), Shoot of Triticumaestivum Linn. (Wheatgrass), Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh), can help in boosting immunity for COVID-19 disease. Discussion: Despite the shreds of evidence for the efficacy of these herbs in treating coronavirus induced infections; the proper dose with ideal timing for such interventions needs to verify in clinical trials. Researchers must have to take the privilege to explore the potential of herbs to reduce such epidemics of environmental threats.

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