Preparation of flexible epoxy/clay nanocomposites: effect of preparation method, clay modifier and matrix ductility

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
SB Jagtap ◽  
V Srinivasa Rao ◽  
D Ratna
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Method ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites

scholarly journals Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Polylimonene and Organomodified-clay Nanocomposites: A Structural, Morphological and Thermal Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 798-807
Author(s):  
Hodhaifa Derdar ◽  
Geoffrey Robert Mitchell ◽  
Zakaria Cherifi ◽  
Mohammed Belbachir ◽  
Mohamed Benachour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ft Ir

Polylimonene-clay nanocomposites (PLM-Mag 2, 3, 6 and 10% by weight of clay) were prepared by mixing Maghnite-CTA+ (Mag-CTA+) and polylimonene (PLM) in solution using ultrasonic irradiation. The catalyst preparation method were studied in order to determine and evaluate their structural, morphological and thermal properties. The Mag-CTA+ is an organophylic montmorillonite silicate clay prepared through a direct exchange process, using green natural clay of Maghnia (west of Algeria) called Maghnite. The Algerian clay was modified by ultrasonic-assisted method using cetyltrimethylammonuim bromide (CTAB) in which they used as green nano-reinforcing filler. Polylimonene was obtained by the polymerization of limonene, using Mag-H+ as a catalyst. The morphology of the obtained nanocomposites was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the nanocomposites have a high degradation temperature (200−250 °C) compared with the pure polylimonene (140 °C). The analyses confirmed the chemical modification of montmorillonite layers and their uniformly dispersion in the polylimonene matrix. Exfoliated structures were obtained for low amounts of clay (2 and 3% by weight), while intercalated structures and immiscible regions were detected for high amounts of clay (6 and 10% by weight). Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

New Method for Preparing Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 3810-3817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Hua Tan ◽  
Xiao Ping Wang ◽  
Yuan Fang Luo ◽  
De Min Jia
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Method ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aging Resistance

Rubber/Ca-montmorillonite (Ca-MMT) nanocomposites with exfoliated Ca-MMT layers was prepared by a new preparation method named masterbatch method, in which the masterbatch was prepared by co-coagulating nature rubber latex and bis [3-triethoxysilylpropyl-] tetrasulfide (TESPT) modified Ca-MMT aqueous suspension and then the masterbatch accompanied with carbon black (N220) were used in the system of SBR and ENR. The properties of TESPT in-situ modified Ca-MMT were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the TESPT has reacted with the surface groups of Ca-MMT. The dispersion of the Ca-MMT in masterbatch and vulcanized sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The results showed that in the masterbatch an exfoliated structure was obtained and in the vulcanized sample a coexistence of intercalated-exfoliated structure was obtained. The influence of the Ca-MMT loading on the structure and properties of the nanocomposites were studied. It was found that the incorporation of Ca-MMT hindered the vulcanization, improved mechanical properties, thermal properties and aging resistance properties. The dynamic mechanical analysis results showed a decrease of tanδ max when the Ca-MMT is added.

Direct Observation of Heat Exchanger Deposits by Cross Sectioning

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
R. W. Anderson ◽  
D. L. Senecal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Deposit Layer

A problem was presented to observe the packing densities of deposits of sub-micron corrosion product particles. The deposits were 5-100 mils thick and had formed on the inside surfaces of 3/8 inch diameter Zircaloy-2 heat exchanger tubes. The particles were iron oxides deposited from flowing water and consequently were only weakly bonded. Particular care was required during handling to preserve the original formations of the deposits. The specimen preparation method described below allowed direct observation of cross sections of the deposit layers by transmission electron microscopy.The specimens were short sections of the tubes (about 3 inches long) that were carefully cut from the systems. The insides of the tube sections were first coated with a thin layer of a fluid epoxy resin by dipping. This coating served to impregnate the deposit layer as well as to protect the layer if subsequent handling were required.

Scanning electron microscopy of human iliac bone by a simple preparation method

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Takita ◽  
Tomonori Naguro ◽  
Toshio Kameie ◽  
Akihiro Iino ◽  
Kichizo Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
The Real ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Recently with the increase in advanced age population, the osteoporosis becomes the object of public attention in the field of orthopedics. The surface topography of the bone by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is one of the most useful means to study the bone metabolism, that is considered to make clear the mechanism of the osteoporosis. Until today many specimen preparation methods for SEM have been reported. They are roughly classified into two; the anorganic preparation and the simple preparation. The former is suitable for observing mineralization, but has the demerit that the real surface of the bone can not be observed and, moreover, the samples prepared by this method are extremely fragile especially in the case of osteoporosis. On the other hand, the latter has the merit that the real information of the bone surface can be obtained, though it is difficult to recognize the functional situation of the bone.

To Eliminate Curtain Effect of FIB TEM Samples by a Combination of Sample Dicing and Backside Milling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Shing Luo ◽  
Hsiu Ting Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sample Preparation Method ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract Several methods are used to invert samples 180 deg in a dual beam focused ion beam (FIB) system for backside milling by a specific in-situ lift out system or stages. However, most of those methods occupied too much time on FIB systems or requires a specific in-situ lift out system. This paper provides a novel transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation method to eliminate the curtain effect completely by a combination of backside milling and sample dicing with low cost and less FIB time. The procedures of the TEM pre-thinned sample preparation method using a combination of sample dicing and backside milling are described step by step. From the analysis results, the method has applied successfully to eliminate the curtain effect of dual beam FIB TEM samples for both random and site specific addresses.

Site-Specific Low Angle Plasma FIB Milling for Cross-Sectional Electrical Characterization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Zhang ◽  
Jane Y. Li ◽  
John Aguada ◽  
Howard Marks
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Electrical Characteristic ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Grazing Angle ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Sample Preparation Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Site Specific

Abstract This paper introduces a novel sample preparation method using plasma focused ion-beam (pFIB) milling at low grazing angle. Efficient and high precision preparation of site-specific cross-sectional samples with minimal alternation of device parameters can be achieved with this method. It offers the capability of acquiring a range of electrical characteristic signals from specific sites on the cross-section of devices, including imaging of junctions, Fins in the FinFETs and electrical probing of interconnect metal traces.

Cross-Section Sample Preparation Method for Imaging Dopant Related Anomalies Using Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swaminathan Subramanian ◽  
Khiem Ly ◽  
Tony Chrastecky
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Scanning Probe Microscopy ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Sample Preparation Method ◽  
Probe Microscopy ◽  
Section Sample

Abstract Visualization of dopant related anomalies in integrated circuits is extremely challenging. Cleaving of the die may not be possible in practical failure analysis situations that require extensive electrical fault isolation, where the failing die can be submitted of scanning probe microscopy analysis in various states such as partially depackaged die, backside thinned die, and so on. In advanced technologies, the circuit orientation in the wafer may not align with preferred crystallographic direction for cleaving the silicon or other substrates. In order to overcome these issues, a focused ion beam lift-out based approach for site-specific cross-section sample preparation is developed in this work. A directional mechanical polishing procedure to produce smooth damage-free surface for junction profiling is also implemented. Two failure analysis applications of the sample preparation method to visualize junction anomalies using scanning microwave microscopy are also discussed.

Hydrogel-clay Nanocomposites as Carriers for Controlled Release

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Ianchis ◽  
Claudia Mihaela Ninciuleanu ◽  
Ioana Catalina Gifu ◽  
Elvira Alexandrescu ◽  
Cristina Lavinia Nistor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Delivery Platform ◽  
Complex Hybrid

The present review aims to summarize the research efforts undertaken in the last few years in the development and testing of hydrogel-clay nanocomposites proposed as carriers for controlled release of diverse drugs. Their advantages, disadvantages and different compositions of polymers/biopolymers with diverse types of clays, as well as their interactions are discussed. Illustrative examples of studies regarding hydrogel-clay nanocomposites are detailed in order to underline the progressive researches on hydrogel-clay-drug pharmaceutical formulations able to respond to a series of demands for the most diverse applications. Brief descriptions of the different techniques used for the characterization of the obtained complex hybrid materials such as: swelling, TGA, DSC, FTIR, XRD, mechanical, SEM, TEM and biology tests, are also included. Enlightened by the presented data, we can suppose that hydrogel-clay nanocomposites will still be a challenging subject of global assiduous researches. We can dare to dream to an efficient drug delivery platform for the treatment of multiple affection concomitantly, these being undoubtedly like ”a tree of life” bearing different kinds of fruits and leaves proper for human healing.

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