Toward an Affirmative Biopolitics

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Human Tissues ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
First Line ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Antonio Negri

This essay responds to German theorist Thomas Lemke’s call for a conversation between two distinct lines of reception of Foucault’s concept of biopolitics. The first line is comprised of sweeping historical perspectives on biopolitics, such as those of Giorgio Agamben and Antonio Negri, and the second is comprised of the more temporally focused perspectives of theorists such as Paul Rabinow, Nikolas Rose, and Catherine Waldby, whose biopolitical analyses concentrate on recent biotechnologies such as genetic techniques and the biobanking of human tissues. This essay develops this conversation by bringing the two lines to bear on the neoliberal “bioeconomy” that has developed over the past three decades and uses the perspective of Italian theorist Roberto Esposito to represent the first line. Esposito’s unique combination of Foucauldian biopolitics and the Maussean gift tradition provides a critical perspective that engages and challenges the neoliberal inclination of many theorists from the second line.

Difficult-to-treat gout flares: eligibility for interleukin-1 inhibition in private practice is uncommon according to current EMA approval

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2181-2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Pascart ◽  
Laurène Norberciak ◽  
Hang-Korng Ea ◽  
Sahara Graf ◽  
Pascal Guggenbuhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Acute Gout ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Systemic Glucocorticoids ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gout Flares

Abstract Objective The objective was to determine the proportion of patients with difficult-to-treat or difficult-to-prevent acute gout attacks eligible for IL-1 inhibition. Methods Participants included in the French cross-sectional GOSPEL cohort (n = 1003 gout patients) were examined for contraindications and intolerance to standard of care (SoC) drugs of gout flares (colchicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and systemic glucocorticoids). Patients were classified as definitely eligible for first-line IL-1 inhibition (canakinumab) according to European summary of product characteristics (contraindications/intolerance to SoC and at least three flares per year) without any other anti-inflammatory options (contraindications/intolerance only), or potentially eligible (precaution of use). Eligibility to receive IL-1 during an on-going flare related to insufficient efficacy was assessed (second-line eligibility). Results Definite first-line eligibility for IL-1 therapy was found in 10 patients (1%) and contraindication to all SoC therapies in nine patients who had presented <3 flares in the past 12 months. At least precaution of use for SoC therapies was noted for 218/1003 patients (21.7%). Of 487 patients experiencing flares at baseline, 114 (23.4%) were still experiencing pain scored ⩾4/10 numeric scale on day 3, one of whom could not receive further SoC drugs. Only nine of them had three or more flares in the past year and were eligible for second-line IL-1 inhibition. Conclusion Despite significant numbers of patients without any SoC anti-inflammatory therapeutic options for gout flares, eligibility for IL-1 inhibition therapy according to current European approval is rare.

Two decades of therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): An analysis to discern the contribution and progress made by chemotherapy.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14064-e14064
Author(s):  
Irfan Jawed ◽  
Julia Wilkerson ◽  
Austin G. Duffy ◽  
Antonio Tito Fojo
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Phase Ii Trials ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Phase ◽  
And Control ◽  
Over Time

e14064 Background: The past 20 years have seen progress in mCRC with more effective agents and better medical, surgical and supportive care. Methods: Systematic review of 101 phase III and large phase II trials in mCRC to quantify benefit over time with first-line and subsequent therapies. Outcomes in the experimental (EA) and control arms (CA) included progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), stable disease (SD), and overall survival (OS). Data were analyzed according to dates of publication and median enrollment. Results: Significant outcomes are reported; most had R2 values > 0.6. OS of EA improved 0.83 mos/yr. Importantly OS of CA improved 0.58 mos/yr likely reflecting subsequent use of experimental regimens in CA and improvement in mCRC care over time. Chemotherapy has contributed only partly to gains in OS since (1) only modest improvements of PFS (0.33 [EA] and 0.26 [CA] mos/yr) and we have shown OS gains are proportional to PFS gains indicating other factors are as or more important than chemotherapy; and (2) lack of OS improvement in 14 second/subsequent line trials. Furthermore, to assess the contribution of each drug/drug class to improvement in OS we performed linear regression with OS the dependent variable versus time publication. We found oxaliplatin, irinotecan and bevacizumab have contributed to progress; but not cetuximab/panitumumab likely explained by inclusion of pts with tumors harboring mutant ras in studies. Not surprisingly, capecitabine in place of 5-fluorouracil had no impact on progress made. As expected PFS correlates highly with OS, but importantly ORR had very high correlations with both PFS and OS. SD was an “adverse” outcome, OS decreasing as SD rates increase. Conclusions: OS of mCRC patients has improved gradually over the past two decades, with gains from chemotherapy and importantly gains from other factors, including lead-time bias, better loco-regional approaches and supportive care. Gains from first line therapies have been modest but consistent; gains from second line therapies have been disappointing. We believe future progress will be more fruitful if emphasis is given to improving second line therapies.

“Good Will Toward Men” (Luke 2 14)

1917 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hardy Ropes
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Textual Criticism ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
Rare Word ◽  
The Past ◽  
Berlin Academy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Good Will

Professor Adolf von Harnack in the Sitzungsberichte of the Berlin Academy for December 9, 1915 (pages 854–875) has discussed afresh in his characteristically interesting and instructive fashion the textual criticism and meaning of the angels' song in Luke 2 14. After a full exposition of the evidence and an investigation of the rare word εὐδοκία, he decides for the following text:Δόξα ἐν ὑΨίστοις ϑεῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆςΕἰρήνη ἀνϑρώποις εὐδοκίας,which he translates:“Glory in the highest to God and on earthPeace to men of (His) gracious will.”This form of the Greek text is in the second line substantially that on which the English Revised Version rests (“men in whom he is well pleased”); but Harnack, following Origen, connects εὐδοκίας not with ἀνϑρώποις but, by a somewhat harsh hyperbaton, with εἰρήνη, and interprets: “Peace is now given to men—no ordinary peace but the peace of His gracious will.”Harnack's argument, which contains much valuable discussion on various aspects of the verse, need not be here repeated. But two of the points which he makes, and in regard to which his reasoning is convincing, deserve notice; for although at first sight they might appear to occupy but a modest place among his results, in reality they seem to offer the key to the serious textual problem of the passage, and so lead to a translation and interpretation quite different from Harnack's. They may be stated thus:(1) With the reading εὐδοκίας, the song is a distich, of which the first line must be taken to include the words ἐπὶ γῆς and the second to begin with εἰρήνη.(2) ἀνϑρώποις εὐδοκίας is a phrase wholly unexampled and in itself full of difficulty. For εὐδοκία means “God's gracious will.” It refers to His purpose, His choice, not to His approval or satisfaction with man's performance; and it looks to the future, to grace, to the hope of a needy world, not to the past, to man's merit, or even to the inherent worth of human nature.

Social Representations and Commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonetto ◽  
Fabien Girandola ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
English Articles

Abstract. This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides consulting various works and communications, a bibliographic search was carried out (between February and December, 2016) on various databases using the keywords “commitment” and “social representation,” in the singular and in the plural, in French and in English. Articles published in English or in French, that explicitly made reference to both terms, were included. The relations between commitment and social representations are approached according to two approaches or complementary lines. The first line follows the role of commitment in the representational dynamics: how can commitment transform the representations? This articulation gathers most of the work on the topic. The second line envisages the social representations as determinants of commitment procedures: how can these representations influence the effects of commitment procedures? This literature review will identify unexploited tracks, as well as research perspectives for both areas of research.

mCRPC: Cabazitaxel zukünftige Second-line-Option nach Docetaxel?

2010 ◽  
Vol 01 (06) ◽  
pp. 282-282
Author(s):  
Birgit-Kristin Pohlmann
Keyword(s):  
Second Line ◽  
First Line

Bislang steht für Patienten mit metastasiertem kastrationsresistentem Prostatakarzinom (mCRPC), die auf die Standard-First-line-Chemotherapie mit Docetaxel nicht mehr adäquat ansprechen, keine Evidenz-basierte Therapieoption zur Verfügung. Große Hoffnungen verbinden sich daher mit Cabazitaxel, einer neuen Substanz, die diesen Patienten noch einmal die Chance auf eine Überlebenszeitverlängerung bietet. In den USA ist Cabazitaxel bereits für die Second-line-Behandlung beim mCRPC nach Docetaxel-Versagen zugelassen. In Europa ist die Zulassung für diese Indikation bean-tragt.

Risk Factor Of Substitution ARV First Line People Living With HIV/AIDS In General Hospital Buleleng Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Luh Putu Desy Puspaningrat ◽  
Gusti Putu Candra ◽  
Putu Dian Prima Kusuma Dewi ◽  
I Made Sundayana ◽  
Indrie Lutfiana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factor Substitution ◽  
Living With Hiv

Substitution is still a threat to the failure of ARV therapy so that no matter how small it must be noted and monitored in ARV therapy. The aims  was analysis risk factor substitution ARV first line in therapy ARV. This study was an analytic longitudinal study with retrospective secondary data analysis in a cohort of patients receiving ARV therapy at the District General Hospital of Buleleng District for the period of 2006-2015 and secondary data from medical records of PLHA patients receiving ART.  Result in this study that the percentage of first-line ARV substitution events is 9.88% (119/1204) who received ARV therapy for the past 11 years. Risk factors that increase the risk of substitution in ARV therapy patients are zidovudine (aOR 4.29 CI 1.31 -2.65 p 0.01), nevirapine (aOR1.86 CI 2.15 - 8.59 p 0.01) and functional working status (aOR 1.46 CI 1.13 - 1.98 p 0.01). 

A Rational Sequencing of Anti-Angiogenic Agents as Second-Line Treatment Choice for mCRC Patients Progressing After a Bevacizumab-Based First Line

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Sara De Dosso
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
Vegf Pathway ◽  
Effective Choice ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

A large proportion of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) experience disease progression after first-line treatment with chemotherapy and bevacizumab, an anti-angiogenic agent, as a result of acquired resistance. However, blocking angiogenesis by targeted therapy towards the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway still forms an essential part of the second-line treatment strategy. Although three approved evidence-based choices for angiogenic agents (continuing treatment with bevacizumab, ramucirumab and aflibercept) are currently available in the second line, making the most effective choice is challenging due to the lack of studies directly comparing these agents. Moreover, despite huge investigational efforts, no predictive biomarker for anti-angiogenic cancer therapies could be identified so far.

Efficacy and Toxicity of Addition of Bevacizumab to Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 718-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Cong Ruan ◽  
Yue-Ping Che ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Hai-Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Pre-treated patients with first-line treatment can be offered a second treatment with the aim of improving their poor clinical prognosis. The therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who did not respond to first-line therapy has limited treatment options. Recently, many studies have paid much attention to the efficacy of bevacizumab as an adjuvant treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy compared with bevacizumab-naive based chemotherapy as second-line treatment in people with metastatic CRC. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for eligible studies updated to March 2018. Randomized-controlled trials comparing addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy without bevacizumab in MCRC patients were included, of which, the main interesting results were the efficacy and safety profiles of the addition of bevacizumab in patients with MCRC as second-line therapy. Result: Five trials were eligible in the meta-analysis. Patients who received the combined bevacizumab and chemotherapy treatment in MCRC as second-line therapy showed a longer overall survival (OS) (OR=0.80,95%CI=0.72-0.89, P<0.0001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (OR=0.69,95%CI=0.61-0.77, P<0.00001). In addition, there was no significant difference in objective response rate (ORR) (RR=1.36,95%CI=0.82-2.24, P=0.23) or severe adverse event (SAE) (RR=1.02,95%CI=0.88-1.19, P=0.78) between bevacizumab-based chemotherapy and bevacizumabnaive based chemotherapy. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the addition of bevacizumab to the chemotherapy therapy could be an efficient and safe treatment option for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer as second-line therapy and without increasing the risk of an adverse event.

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