Effects of a Universal Classroom Management Intervention on Middle School Students With or At Risk of Behavior Problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 074193252092661
Author(s):  
James Sinclair ◽  
Keith C. Herman ◽  
Wendy M. Reinke ◽  
Nianbo Dong ◽  
Melissa Stormont
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavior Support ◽  
Behavior Support Plans ◽  
Youth At Risk

Universal interventions implemented in schools have the potential to impact large numbers of students on a multitude of behavioral and academic outcomes. In the context of a large group randomized controlled trial, the current study examined whether teacher-perceived student need for behavior support plans at baseline moderated the effects of a middle school universal classroom management training program, CHAMPS, which stands for Conversation, Help, Activity, Movement, Participation, and Success, on student outcomes. We hypothesized that students in CHAMPS classrooms who were identified by teachers at baseline as needing behavior support plans would have greater end-of-year improvements on behavior and academic outcomes relative to comparable youth in non-CHAMPS classrooms. Results indicated baseline teacher-perceived student behavior support need moderated some intervention outcomes; in particular, youth at risk in CHAMPS classrooms demonstrated improvements in concentration problems ( b = –.19) and communication arts outcomes ( b = .13) compared with youth at risk in control group classrooms. Implications of these findings and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Examining a Multidimensional Intervention in Women with Gynecological Cancer at Risk of Lymphedema

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-470
Author(s):  
Shirin M. Shallwani ◽  
Anna Towers ◽  
Anne Newman ◽  
Shannon Salvador ◽  
Angela Yung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

There is limited knowledge on non-invasive lymphedema risk-reduction strategies for women with gynecological cancer. Understanding factors influencing the feasibility of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can guide future research. Our objectives are to report on the design and feasibility of a pilot RCT examining a tailored multidimensional intervention in women treated for gynecological cancer at risk of lymphedema and to explore the preliminary effectiveness of the intervention on lymphedema incidence at 12 months. In this pilot single-blinded, parallel-group, multi-centre RCT, women with newly diagnosed gynecological cancer were randomized to receive post-operative compression stockings and individualized exercise education (intervention group: IG) or education on lymphedema risk-reduction alone (control group: CG). Rates of recruitment, retention and assessment completion were recorded. Intervention safety and feasibility were tracked by monitoring adverse events and adherence. Clinical outcomes were evaluated over 12 months: presence of lymphedema, circumferential and volume measures, body composition and quality of life. Fifty-one women were recruited and 36 received the assigned intervention. Rates of recruitment and 12-month retention were 47% and 78%, respectively. Two participants experienced post-operative cellulitis, prior to intervention delivery. At three and six months post-operatively, 67% and 63% of the IG used compression ≥42 h/week, while 56% engaged in ≥150 weekly minutes of moderate-vigorous exercise. The cumulative incidence of lymphedema at 12 months was 31% in the CG and 31.9% in the IG (p = 0.88). In affected participants, lymphedema developed after a median time of 3.2 months (range, 2.7–5.9) in the CG vs. 8.8 months (range, 2.9–11.8) in the IG. Conducting research trials exploring lymphedema risk-reduction strategies in gynecological cancer is feasible but challenging. A tailored intervention of compression and exercise is safe and feasible in this population and may delay the onset of lymphedema. Further research is warranted to establish the role of these strategies in reducing the risk of lymphedema for the gynecological cancer population.

A Randomised Controlled Trial of Strategies to Prompt Attendance for a Pap Smear

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Bowman ◽  
Rob Sanson-Fisher ◽  
Catherine Boyle ◽  
Stephanie Pope ◽  
Sally Redman
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Screening Attendance ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Objective – To assess the comparative efficacy, by randomised controlled trial, of three interventions designed to encourage “at risk” women to have a Pap smear: an educational pamphlet; letters inviting attendance at a women's health clinic; and letters from physicians. Methods – Subjects at risk for cervical cancer who had not been adequately screened were identified by a random community survey and randomly allocated to one of the intervention groups or a control group. Six months after intervention implementation, a follow up survey assessed subsequent screening attendance. Self report was validated by comparison with a national screening data base. Results – A significantly greater proportion of women (36.9%) within the group receiving a physician letter reported screening at follow up than in any other group (P =0.012). The variables most strongly predicting screening attendance were: age, perceived frequency of screening required, use of oral contraceptives, and allocation to receive the physician letter intervention. Conclusions – The relative efficacy of the GP letter in prompting screening attendance shows that this strategy is worthy of further investigation. There remains a need to examine the barriers to screening for older women, and to develop tailored strategies for this population.

scholarly journals Early intervention for children at risk of visual processing dysfunctions from 1 year of age: a randomized controlled trial protocol

Trials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlou J. G. Kooiker ◽  
Yoni van der Linden ◽  
Jenneke van Dijk ◽  
Ymie J. van der Zee ◽  
Renate M. C. Swarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Intervention Protocol

Abstract Background An increasing number of children are suffering from brain damage-related visual processing dysfunctions (VPD). There is currently a lack of evidence-based intervention methods that can be used early in development. We developed a visual intervention protocol suitable from 1 year of age. The protocol is structured, comprehensive and individually adaptive, and is paired with quantitative outcome assessments. Our aim is to investigate the effectiveness of this first visual intervention program for young children with (a risk of) VPD. Methods This is a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial that is embedded within standard clinical care. The study population consists of 100 children born very or extremely preterm (< 30 weeks) at 1 year of corrected age (CA), of whom 50% are expected to have VPD. First, children undergo a visual screening at 1 year CA. If they are classified as being at risk of VPD, they are referred to standard care, which involves an ophthalmic and visual function assessment and a (newly developed) visual intervention program. This program consists of a general protocol (standardized and similar for all children) and a supplement protocol (adapted to the specific needs of the child). Children are randomly allocated to an intervention group (starting upon inclusion at 1 year CA) or a control group (postponed: starting at 2 years CA). The control group will receive a placebo treatment. The effectiveness of early visual intervention will be examined with follow-up visual and neurocognitive assessments after 1 year (upon completion of the direct intervention) and after 2 years (upon completion of the postponed intervention). Discussion Through this randomized controlled trial we will establish the effectiveness of a new and early visual intervention program. Combining a general and supplement protocol enables both structured comparisons between participants and groups, and custom habilitation that is tailored to a child’s specific needs. The design ensures that all included children will benefit from participation by advancing the age at which they start receiving an intervention. We expect results to be applicable to the overall population of children with (a risk of) VPD early in life. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register: NTR6952. Registered 19 January 2018.

Street Gangs and Preventive Interventions

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID W. THOMPSON ◽  
LEONARD A. JASON
Keyword(s):  
Gang Membership ◽  
After School ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Street Gangs ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Intensive Intervention ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Youth At Risk ◽  
Conducting Research

This article presents an evaluation of an intervention aimed at youth at risk for joining street gangs. In a quasi-experimental design, targeted youth were assigned to one of two levels of treatment (classroom sessions or a combination of classroom sessions and structured after-school activities) or to a no-treatment control group. To ascertain gang membership following the intervention, the youths' names were compared with gang membership rosters obtained from informants. Four members of the control group and one receiving youth receiving the more intensive intervention were subsequently identified as gang members. Implications of the study for public policy are considered, methodological difficulties in conducting research in this area are discussed, and future research directions are suggested.

scholarly journals Do home pregnancy tests bring women to community health workers for antenatal care counselling? A randomized controlled trial in Madagascar

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 566-573
Author(s):  
Alison B Comfort ◽  
Randall C Juras ◽  
Sarah E K Bradley ◽  
Justin Ranjalahy Rasolofomanana ◽  
Anja Noeliarivelo Ranjalahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Task-shifting the provision of pregnancy tests to community health workers (CHWs) in low-resource settings has the potential to reach significantly more underserved women at risk of pregnancy with essential reproductive health services. This study assessed whether an intervention to supply CHWs with home pregnancy tests brought more clients for antenatal care (ANC) counselling. We implemented a randomized controlled trial among CHWs providing reproductive health services to women in Eastern Madagascar. We used ordinary least squares regressions to estimate the effect of the intervention, with district- and month-fixed effects and CHW baseline characteristics as control variables. Our outcomes of interest included whether the intervention increased: (1) the number of women at risk of pregnancy who sought services from CHWs; (2) the number of these women who knew they were pregnant by the end of visit; and (3) the number of these women who received ANC counselling during visit. We found that providing pregnancy tests to CHWs to distribute to their clients for free significantly increased the number of women at risk of pregnancy who sought services from CHWs. At follow-up, treatment-group CHWs provided services to 6.3 clients compared with 4.2 clients among control-group CHWs, which represents a 50% relative increase from the control-group mean. A significantly higher number of these clients knew they were pregnant by the end of the visit, with a mean of 0.95 in treatment compared with 0.10 in control (Coeff. 0.86; 95% CI 0.59–1.13). A significantly higher number of these clients received antenatal counselling at the visit (Coeff. 0.4; 95% CI 0.14–0.64). Introducing free home pregnancy tests as part of community-based health services can improve pregnancy care by attracting more clients at risk of pregnancy to services at the community level, enabling more women to confirm they are pregnant and receive antenatal counselling.

Improving Student Behavior in Middle Schools: Results of a Classroom Management Intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard P. Wills ◽  
Paul Caldarella ◽  
Benjamin A. Mason ◽  
Amanda Lappin ◽  
Darlene H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Intervention Teams ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
Eighth Grade Students

Transitioning from elementary to middle school is a time of particular vulnerability for students with behavior problems. This study examined the effects of class-wide function-related intervention teams (CW-FIT) in three middle school classrooms to determine whether this multitiered intervention could help teachers proactively manage student behavior. With a focus on teaching classroom expectations, delivering behavior-specific praise, and providing differential reinforcement within an interdependent group contingency, CW-FIT is designed to teach functional replacement behaviors that support students’ academic engagement. Intervention effects were assessed with seventh- and eighth-grade students from diverse backgrounds. Results, evaluated using a single-subject withdrawal (ABAB) design, indicated improved rates of on-task behavior at both class-wide and individual student levels, with corresponding increases in teacher praise and decreases in teacher reprimands. The positive way in which participants viewed CW-FIT implementation and its accompanying effects on student behaviors was consistent with earlier findings in elementary schools. Study limitations and areas for future research are discussed.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Family Finding

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 542-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Vandivere ◽  
Karin E. Malm ◽  
Tiffany J. Allen ◽  
Sarah Catherine Williams ◽  
Amy McKlindon
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Older Youth ◽  
Youth At Risk

Background: Youth who have experienced foster care are at risk of negative outcomes in adulthood. The family finding model aims to promote more positive outcomes by finding and engaging relatives of children in foster care in order to provide options for legal and emotional permanency. Objectives: The present study tested whether family finding, as implemented in North Carolina from 2008 through 2011, improved child welfare outcomes for youth at risk of emancipating foster care without permanency. Research Design: A randomized controlled trial evaluation was carried out in nine counties in North Carolina. All children eligible for intervention services between 2008 and 2011 underwent random assignment. Effects were tested with an intent-to-treat design. Outcome data were obtained for all subjects from child welfare administrative data. Additional outcome data for a subset of older youth came from in-person interviews. Subjects: Subjects included 568 children who were in foster care, were 10–17 years old (at time of referral), had no identified permanent placement resource, and had no plan for reunification. Measures: The confirmatory outcome was moves to more family-like placements, whether through a step-down in foster care placement or discharge from foster care to legal permanency. Results: No impact on the confirmatory outcome was observed. Findings regarding exploratory impacts are also described; these must be interpreted with caution, given the large number of outcomes compared. Conclusions: The evaluation failed to find evidence that family finding improves the outcomes of older youth at risk of emancipation from foster care.

scholarly journals Metacognitive reflection and insight therapy (MERIT) for patients with schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. de Jong ◽  
R. J. M. van Donkersgoed ◽  
M. E. Timmerman ◽  
M. aan het Rot ◽  
L. Wunderink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Metacognitive Reflection ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

AbstractBackgroundImpaired metacognition is associated with difficulties in the daily functioning of people with psychosis. Metacognition can be divided into four domains: Self-Reflection, Understanding the Other's Mind, Decentration, and Mastery. This study investigated whether Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT) can be used to improve metacognition.MethodsThis study is a randomized controlled trial. Patients in the active condition (n = 35) received forty MERIT sessions, the control group (n = 35) received treatment as usual. Multilevel intention-to-treat and completers analyses were performed for metacognition and secondary outcomes (psychotic symptomatology, cognitive insight, Theory of Mind, empathy, depression, self-stigma, quality of life, social functioning, and work readiness).ResultsEighteen out of 35 participants finished treatment, half the drop-out stemmed from therapist attrition (N = 5) or before the first session (N = 4). Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated that in both groups metacognition improved between pre- and post-measurements, with no significant differences between the groups. Patients who received MERIT continued to improve, while the control group returned to baseline, leading to significant differences at follow-up. Completers analysis (18/35) showed improvements on the Metacognition Assessment Scale (MAS-A) scales Self Reflectivity and metacognitive Mastery at follow-up. No effects were found on secondary outcomes.ConclusionsOn average, participants in the MERIT group were, based on MAS-A scores, at follow-up more likely to recognize their thoughts as changeable rather than as facts. MERIT might be useful for patients whose self-reflection is too limited to benefit from other therapies. Given how no changes were found in secondary measures, further research is needed. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Mindfulness Based Programs Implemented with At-Risk Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Rawlett ◽  
Debra Scrandis
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Youth At Risk ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
Successful Adults ◽  
At Risk Adolescents

Objective: This review examines studies on mindfulness based programs used with adolescents at-risk for poor future outcomes such as not graduating from high school and living in poverty. Method: The keywords used include mindfulness, at-risk and adolescents in each database to search CINAHL (10 items: 2 book reviews, 3 Dissertations, and 5 research articles), Medline EBSCO (15 research articles), and PubMed (10 research articles). Only primary research articles published between 2009- 2015 in English on mindfulness and at-risk adolescents were included for the most current evidence. Results: Few studies (n= 11) were found that investigate mindfulness in at-risk adolescents. These studies used various mindfulness programs (n = 7) making it difficult to generalize findings for practice. Only three studies were randomized control trials focusing mostly on male students with low socioeconomic status and existing mental health diagnoses. Conclusion: There is a relationship between health behaviors and academic achievement. Future research studies on mindfulness based interventions need to expand to its effects on academic achievement in those youth at-risk to decrease problematic behaviors and improve their ability to be successful adults.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document