Motivations for Gang Membership in Lagos, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeeb Olufemi Salaam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Gang Membership ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Police Corruption ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Depth Interviews

The current study explores the major challenges (in the form of risk factors) that may influence unemployed youths’ involvement in gang and criminal activity in Lagos, Nigeria. A combination of techniques (e.g., oral, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires) were used for the data collection. The computed outcomes establish some of the major conditions (e.g., large families, rural/urban migration, poverty, and police corruption) faced by the vulnerable youths before turning to gang and criminal activity as an alternative opportunity to improve their lot in life. The possible implications of the current findings on risk-focused prevention strategies are discussed.

Women's rural-urban migration in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sally N. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Low Income Women ◽  
The Impact

Women’s sole internal migration has been mostly ignored in migration studies, and the concentration on migrant women has been almost exclusively on low-income women within the household framework. This study focuses on middleclass women’s contemporary rural-urban migration in Lebanon. It probes into the determinants and outcomes of women’s sole internal migration within the empowerment framework. The study delves into the interplay of the personal, social, and structural factors that determine the women’s rural-urban migration as well as its outcomes. It draws together the lived experiences of migrant women to explore the determinants of women’s internal migration as well as the impact of migration on their expanded empowerment.

Influence of Urbanization on Teaching and Learning of Agriculture for Enhance Skill Acqusition in Ebonyi State.

2019 ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Nwakwengu S.A. ◽  
Aneke C.U.
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Public Secondary School ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Senior Secondary

The main purpose of this study was to determine the influence of urbanization in teaching and learning of agriculture in Ebonyi State. The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population was 397 which comprised 261 teachers of agricultural science in Ebonyi State and 136 senior secondary three students from 5 public secondary school in Abakiliki, Ebonyi State. No sampling was done due to the manageable size of the population. The instrument used for data collection was a 17 item questionnaire which was validated by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha which yielded reliability index of 0.85 indicating that the instrument was suitable for data collection. The questionnaire was distributed by the researcher and three trained research assistants. Out of 397 copies distributed 383 were properly filled and returned representing 96.47 percent return rate. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions and t-test statistics was used to test the null hypotheses. Based on the data analysis, it was found that urbanization affects the quality of teachers in rural schools due to rural urban migration, increases the rate of agricultural teacher‟s turnover in teaching and reduces government attention to agricultural science teaching facilities in urban areas. Recommendations were made among, others that Government should be make teaching of skill acquisition in urban settlement to be attractive to the students and teachers should make instruction facilities to meet the needed skills and contemporary issues in urban settlement to the students.

scholarly journals Routine clinical care data from thirteen cardiac outpatient clinics: design of the Cardiology Centers of the Netherlands (CCN) database

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie H. Bots ◽  
Klaske R. Siegersma ◽  
N. Charlotte Onland-Moret ◽  
Folkert W. Asselbergs ◽  
G. Aernout Somsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Daily Care ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patient Groups

Abstract Background Despite the increasing availability of clinical data due to the digitalisation of healthcare systems, data often remain inaccessible due to the diversity of data collection systems. In the Netherlands, Cardiology Centers of the Netherlands (CCN) introduced “one-stop shop” diagnostic clinics for patients suspected of cardiac disease by their general practitioner. All CCN clinics use the same data collection system and standardised protocol, creating a large regular care database. This database can be used to describe referral practices, evaluate risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in important patient subgroups, and develop prediction models for use in daily care. Construction and content The current database contains data on all patients who underwent a cardiac workup in one of the 13 CCN clinics between 2007 and February 2018 (n = 109,151, 51.9% women). Data were pseudonymised and contain information on anthropometrics, cardiac symptoms, risk factors, comorbidities, cardiovascular and family history, standard blood laboratory measurements, transthoracic echocardiography, electrocardiography in rest and during exercise, and medication use. Clinical follow-up is based on medical need and consisted of either a repeat visit at CCN (43.8%) or referral for an external procedure in a hospital (16.5%). Passive follow-up via linkage to national mortality registers is available for 95% of the database. Utility and discussion The CCN database provides a strong base for research into historically underrepresented patient groups due to the large number of patients and the lack of in- and exclusion criteria. It also enables the development of artificial intelligence-based decision support tools. Its contemporary nature allows for comparison of daily care with the current guidelines and protocols. Missing data is an inherent limitation, as the cardiologist could deviate from standardised protocols when clinically indicated. Conclusion The CCN database offers the opportunity to conduct research in a unique population referred from the general practitioner to the cardiologist for diagnostic workup. This, in combination with its large size, the representation of historically underrepresented patient groups and contemporary nature makes it a valuable tool for expanding our knowledge of cardiovascular diseases. Trial registration: Not applicable.

Injury risk profile of amateur Irish women soccer players and players’ opinions on risk factors and prevention strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahani A. Alahmad ◽  
Audrey C. Tierney ◽  
Roisin M. Cahalan ◽  
Nassr S. Almaflehi ◽  
Amanda M. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Irish Women

scholarly journals AB0393 PRE-EXISTING MORBIDITY AS A RISK FACTORS FOR MORTALITY IN IgA VASCULITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1224.3-1225
Author(s):  
J. Nossent ◽  
D. Preen ◽  
W. Raymond ◽  
H. Keen ◽  
C. Inderjeeth
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Iga Vasculitis ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Western Australian

Background:IgA vasculitis is generally considered to be a self-limiting condition, but this is at odds with the increased mortality observed in adult patients with IgA vasculitis (1).Objectives:With sparse data on prognostic factors in IgAV, we investigated whether pre-existing conditions are risk factors for mortality in adult IgAV patients.Methods:Observational population-based cohort study using state-wide linked longitudinal health data for adults with IgAV (n=267) and matched controls (n=1080) between 1980-2015. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and serious infections (SI) were recorded over an extensive lookback period prior to diagnosis. Date and causes of death were extracted from the WA Death Registry. Mortality rate (deaths/1000 person-years) ratios (MRR) and time dependent survival analysis assessed the risk of death. Age and gender specific mortality rate data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics.Results:During 9.9 (±9.8) years lookback IgAV patients accrued higher CCI scores (2.60 vs1.50 p<0.001) and had higher risk of SI (OR 8.4, p<0.001), not fully explained by CCI scores. During 19 years follow-up, the risk of death in IgAV patients (n=137) was higher than in controls (n=397) (MRR 2.06, CI 1.70-2.50, p<0.01) and the general population (SMRR 5.64, CI 4.25, 7.53, p<0.001). Survival in IgAV was reduced at five (72.7 vs. 89.7 %) and twenty years (45.2% vs. 65.6 %) (both p<0.05). CCI (HR1.88, CI:1.25 - 2.73, p=0.001), renal failure (HR 1.48, CI: 1.04 - 2.22, p=0.03) and prior SI (HR 1.48, CI:1.01 – 2.16, p=0.04) were independent risk factors. Death from infections (5.8 vs 1.8%, p=0.02) was significantly more frequent in IgAV patients.Conclusion:Premorbid accrual of comorbidity is increased and predicts premature death in IgAV patients. However, comorbidity does not fully explain the increased risk of serious infections prior to diagnosis or the increased mortality due to infections in IgAV.References:[1]Villatoro-Villar M, Crowson CS, Warrington KJ, Makol A, Ytterberg SR, Koster MJ. Clinical Characteristics of Biopsy-Proven IgA Vasculitis in Children and Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019;94(9):1769-80.Acknowledgements:The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Arthritis Foundation of WA and acknowledge the Western Australian Data Linkage Branch, the Western Australian Department of Health, and the data custodians of, the Hospital and Morbidity Data Collection, the Emergency Department Data Collection the WA Cancer Register and the WA Death Register for their assistance with the study.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Rural–Urban Migration and Conservation Drive the Ecosystem Services Improvement in China Karst: A Case Study of HuanJiang County, Guangxi

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Xiangkun Qi ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Yuemin Yue ◽  
Chujie Liao ◽  
Lu Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Huanjiang County

Under the transformation from over-cultivation to ecological protection in China’s karst, how human activities affect ecosystem services should be studied. This study combined satellite imagery and ecosystem models (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA), Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST)) to evaluate primary ecosystem services (net ecosystem productivity (NEP), soil conservation and water yield) in a typical karst region (Huanjiang County). The relationships between human activities and ecosystem services were also examined. NEP increased from 441.7 g C/m2/yr in 2005 to 582.19 g C/m2/yr in 2015. Soil conservation also increased from 4.7 ton/ha to 5.5 ton/ha. Vegetation recovery and the conversion of farmland to forest, driven largely by restoration programs, contributed to this change. A positive relationship between increases in NEP, soil conservation and rural-urban migration (r = 0.62 and 0.53, P < 0.01, respectively) indicated decreasing human dependence on land reclamation and naturally regenerated vegetation. However, declining water yield from 784.3 to 724.5 mm highlights the trade-off between carbon sequestration and water yield should be considered. Our study suggests that conservation is critical to vegetation recovery in this region and that easing human pressure on land will play an important role.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children with obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luting Peng ◽  
Su Wu ◽  
Nan Zhou ◽  
Shanliang Zhu ◽  
Qianqi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nash Group

Abstract Background With the increasing number of children with obesity worldwide, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease among children. It is necessary to recognize the risk factors of NAFLD for prevention in childhood since NAFLD is asymptomatic in the early stage. Objectives. The objective of this study was to investigate possible risk factors of NAFLD in children with obesity, providing evidence for monitoring and prevention strategies at an early stage for obese children with NAFLD. Methods Data were collected from 428 children and adolescents aged 6-16 years recruited from the Children’s Hospital at Nanjing Medical University from September 2015 to April 2018 and analyzed. Based on a combination of ultrasound results and alanine transaminase levels, subjects were divided into three groups: simple obesity (SOB), simple steatosis (SS), and nonalcoholic fatty hepatitis (NASH). Blood biochemical examination included glucose, insulin, uric acid, lipid profile and liver enzymes. Results Among 428 children with obesity, 235 (54.9%) had SS and 45 (10.5%) had NASH. Body mass index, body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), waist circumference, body fat, liver enzymes, uric acid and HOMA-IR level were significantly higher in the NASH group than in the SS and SOB groups (p < 0.001). 53.3% of the SS group and 49.8% of the NASH group had metabolic syndrome, significantly more than in the SOB group (19.6%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, logistic regression models revealed that NASH was associated with BMI-SDS ≥ 3, gender, hyperuricemia and insulin resistance. Conclusions The prevalence of NASH in children with obesity is closely related to high BMI-SDS, gender, insulin resistance and hyperuricemia. These findings provide evidence that monitoring risk factors of childhood obesity can assist in developing prevention strategies for liver disease at an early stage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document