A Study of Mortality in Workers Engaged in the Mining, Smelting, and Refining of Nickel: I: Methodology and Mortality by Major Cause Groups

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin S. Roberts ◽  
James A. Julian ◽  
Daniel Sweezey ◽  
David C.F. Muir ◽  
Harry S. Shannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Data ◽  
Mortality Study ◽  
International Nickel Company ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
National Mortality ◽  
Unknown Status ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios ◽  
Expected Mortality ◽  
A Company

Following the publication of the NIOSH nickel criteria document in 1977, the Joint Occupational Health Committee of the International Nickel Company (INCO) commissioned a mortality study of the company's Ontario workforce. This paper describes the detailed methodology and primary mortality results of the ensuing study; subsequent papers will describe more detailed findings of cause-specific mortality. An historical prospective mortality study of approximately 54,000 INCO workers has been conducted. Men with six months or more of service were followed for mortality during a 35-year period by computerized record linkage to the Canadian National Mortality Data Base. From a company-provided list of men known to have died and through independent follow-up of a random sample of 1,000 subjects of unknown status, we estimate a mortality ascertainment rate of 95%. Cause-specific standardized mortality ratios calculated with respect to Ontario provincial mortality rates indicate an excess of accidental deaths in men working in the Sudbury area and an excess of cancer deaths at the company's Port Colborne nickel refinery. A strong healthy worker effect was found for both all-disease mortality ad cancer mortality. The lower than expected mortality persisted for about 15 years beyond initial hiring.

Subsequent Mortality in Medically Serious Suicide Attempts: A 5 Year Follow-Up

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette L. Beautrais
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
National Mortality ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Objective: To document mortality in a consecutive series of 302 individuals who made medically serious suicide attempts and were followed-up for 5 years. Method: All sources of mortality were examined in a 5 year prospective study of 302 individuals who made medically serious suicide attempts. Mortality data were obtained by checks with the national mortality database and, for suicide and accidental deaths, were confirmed by review of coronial records. Results: Within 5 years of making a medically serious suicide attempt, one in 11 (8.9%) participants had died. Most deaths (59.2%) were by suicide. Comparison of mortality in this series with rates expected in a comparable general population sample showed the excess mortality was attributable to death by suicide and by motor vehicle accidents. Conclusion: Mortality among those who make medically serious suicide attempts is high. These findings imply the need for the development of enhanced and long-term treatment, follow-up and surveillance programmes for those who make medically serious suicide attempts.

Causes of death among patients with multiple sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja-Liisa Sumelahti ◽  
Matti Hakama ◽  
Irina Elovaara ◽  
Eero Pukkala
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
High Mortality Risk ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios

Background: Several studies show a high mortality risk among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: In this study, mortality and underlying causes of death were analysed among patients with MS diagnosed between 1964—1993 in Finland ( n = 1595). Methods: Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for both genders. The follow-up was based on linkage to the national computerized Cause-of-Death Register of Statistics Finland. Results: Altogether, 464 deaths were recorded by the end of 2006. The SMR as compared with the general population among females was 3.4 (95% confidence interval 3.0—3.9) and among males 2.2 (1.9—2.6). In total, 270 patients (58%) died from MS; only one of these deaths occurred during the first 2 years after the MS diagnosis. Mortality was also increased for other natural causes of death ( n = 160) in patients followed for more than 10 years (SMR 1.4, 1.2—1.7), with a significant increase in deaths from influenza (29, 6.0—85), pneumonia (4.7, 2.5—8.0) and gastrointestinal causes (4.4, 2.3—7.7). The SMR for violent causes was 1.2 (0.7—1.9) and for alcohol-related deaths 0.2 (0.02—0.7). The SMR for suicides was 1.7 (0.9—2.7). Conclusions: The MS population has an increased disease mortality, while the increase in the risk of accidents and suicides is not significantly increased among patients with MS in Finland.

Mortality in Patients with Schizophrenia, Mania, Depression and Surgical Conditions

1977 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming T. Tsuang ◽  
Robert F. Woolson
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios ◽  
Surgical Conditions ◽  
Depressive Patients

SummaryMortality data are presented from a four-decade follow-up study of 200 schizophrenic, 100 manic, 225 depressive patients, and 160 surgical controls (80 appendicectomy; 80 herniorrhaphy). Data for this analysis were available on 648 (95 per cent) members of the study population. Using sex-age standardized mortality ratios (SMR), the mortality experience of the study population was compared with that of the state of Iowa, the geographical area served by the admitting medical facility for the study group. Results are presented for a four-decade period beginning 1935–44, and ending 1965–74. All three psychiatric groups had a significant increase in mortality risk. This was most pronounced in the first decade following admission, although schizophrenic patients, especially females, continued to show a significant excess of deaths throughout the entire four decades of the follow-up period. During no decade of the follow-up period did the mortality of the surgical controls differ significantly from that of the Iowa population.

scholarly journals Patients With APECED Have Increased Early Mortality Due to Endocrine Causes, Malignancies and infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. e2207-e2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonatan Borchers ◽  
Eero Pukkala ◽  
Outi Mäkitie ◽  
Saila Laakso
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Absolute Excess Risk ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Infections Diseases

Abstract Context Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is an autoimmune endocrinopathy with severe and unpredictable course. The impact of APECED on mortality has not been determined. Objective To assess overall and cause-specific mortality of patients with APECED. Design and Setting A follow-up study of Finnish patients with APECED from 1971 to 2018. Causes and dates of death were collected from Finnish registries. Patients Ninety-one patients with APECED. Main Outcome Measure Overall and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) determined by comparing the observed numbers of death and those expected on the basis of respective population death rates in Finland. Results The overall disease mortality was significantly increased (29 deaths, SMR 11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.2-16; P < 0.001). The relative risk (SMR) was highest in the youngest age groups but the absolute excess risk was similar (about 10 per 10 000 person-years) in all age categories. The highest SMRs were seen for endocrine and metabolic diseases (SMR 570; 95% CI, 270-1000; P < 0.001) and for oral and esophageal malignancies (SMR 170; 95% CI, 68-360; P < 0.001). Mortality was also increased for infections, diseases of digestive system, alcohol-related deaths, and for accidents. Due to the small number of cases we were unable to evaluate whether mortality was affected by disease severity. Conclusions Patients with APECED have significantly increased mortality in all age groups. Highest SMRs are found for causes that are directly related to APECED but also for infections. Increased alcohol- and accident-related deaths may be influenced by psychosocial factors.

The Mortality Experience of Individuals on the Salford Psychiatric Case Register

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (6) ◽  
pp. 772-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Service Effectiveness ◽  
Psychiatric Case Register ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
Psychiatric Case ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Expected Mortality

BackgroundSeveral studies, mainly non-UK based, have reported higher than expected mortality for individuals with mental illness. This investigation in Salford (England) was undertaken to determine local experiences.MethodAn historical cohort design was employed with record linkage to determine status at study end: maximum follow-up was 18 years. All 6952 individuals with schizophrenia, neuroses, affective or personality disorders, enrolled on the psychiatric case register between 1 January 1968 and 31 December 1975 were recruited: there were 199 exclusions. Death was the study end-point.ResultsObserved mortality was 65% higher than expected and elevated throughout the whole of follow-up. Mortality was highest in younger ages, females and subjects born locally. Circulatory disorders, injury and poisoning each caused approximately one-third of the excess deaths.ConclusionsDocumenting mortality risk has important applications for prioritisation, resource allocation, developing control programmes, evaluating service effectiveness, disease forecasting and future research.

Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Acromegaly - A Report from the Swedish Pituitary Register

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steinunn Arnardóttir ◽  
Jacob Järås ◽  
Pia Burman ◽  
Katarina Berinder ◽  
Per Dahlqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Biochemical Control ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Over Time

Objective: To describe treatment and long-term outcomes of patients with acromegaly from all health-care regions in Sweden. Design and Methods: Analysis of prospectively reported data from the Swedish Pituitary Register of 698 patients (51% females) with acromegaly diagnosed from 1991-2011. The latest clinical follow-up date was December, 2012, while mortality data were collected for 28.5 years until June, 2019. Results: The annual incidence was 3.7/million; 71% of patients had a macroadenoma, 18% had visual field defects, and 25% had at least one pituitary hormone deficiency. Eighty-two percent had pituitary surgery, 10% radiotherapy and 39% medical treatment. At the 5- and 10-year follow-ups, IGF-I levels were within the reference range in 69% and 78% of patients, respectively. In linear regression the proportion of patients with biochemical control including adjuvant therapy at 10 year follow-up increased over time with 1.23 % per year. The SMR (95% CI) for all patients was 1.29 (1.11-1.49). For patients with biochemical control at the latest follow-up, SMR was not increased, neither among patients diagnosed 1991-2000, SMR 1.06 (0.85-1.33) or 2001-2011, SMR 0.87 (0.61-1.24). In contrast, non- controlled patients at the latest follow up from both decades had elevated SMR, 1.90 (1.33-2.72) and 1.98 (1.24-3.14), respectively. Conclusions: The proportion of patients with biochemical control increased over time. Patients with biochemically controlled acromegaly have normal life expectancy while non-controlled patients still have increased mortality. The high rate of macroadenomas and unchanged age at diagnosis illustrates the need for improvements in the management of patients with acromegaly.

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