scholarly journals Aggression and Belief in a Just World Among Adolescents from Belarus and Ukraine: A Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-179
Author(s):  
P.M. Larionov ◽  
E.K. Ageenkova ◽  
V.S. Smeyan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Just World ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
The World ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
Culture Of Violence ◽  
The Relationship

In connection with the spread of a culture of violence in modern society the problem of aggressive behavior of adolescents takes on new impetus. For a comprehensive consideration of this problem, one should take into account not only the intrapersonal and interpersonal aspects of the personality relations system, but also its relations with the world, which can be expressed in the two forms of the belief in a just world — general belief in a just world and personal belief in a just world. 70 Belarusian and 109 Ukrainian adolescents completed two questionnaires: the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire and the Just World Scale by C. Dalbert. It was found that Belarusian adolescents are characterized by lower aggression compared to Ukrainian ones. The relationship between aggression and the two forms of belief in a just world (general and personal belief in a just world) is negative among Belarusians and Ukrainian adolescents. Belarusian and Ukrainian adolescents on average believe that the world is “rather fair”. This indicates a similar view of the world among adolescents in both cultures.

Relationship between Rational Thinking and Belief in a Just World

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton T. Shorkey
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Rational Behavior ◽  
Just World ◽  
Rational Thinking ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between rational thinking and belief in a just world was examined using scores on the Rational Behavior Inventory and the Just World Scale from 129 undergraduate students. It was hypothesized that rational thinking would be incompatible with absolutistic beliefs that the world is a just place. A Pearson coefficient of —.11 was computed between scores on the two scales; this supports the hypothesis that neither absolutistic acceptance nor rejection of a belief in a just world is related to rational thinking.

Continuity and Peculiarities in Proto-Kazakh and Ancient Indian Early Religious Beliefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (121) ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
Zatov Zatov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

A comparative study of the mythological picture of the world, early forms of religion allows us to identify common features characteristic of the worldview and spiritual guidelines of mankind as a whole. These features can be traced in archaic ideas about the structure of the universe, in understanding their spiritual and bodily essence, the infinity of God and the eternity of the soul, the relationship and interdependence of life forms in the world. This allows us to assert the thesis of the unity of mankind in its spiritual origins, despite racial and ethnic diversity. In the process of a comparative analysis of mythology, early forms of religion, the concept of God, the pantheon and the function of the gods, similar moments and ethnological specifics of understanding the essence of the soul and reincarnation in totemistic beliefs, in cosmological and theogonistic concepts are revealed.The author also analyzes the role and significance of the cult of ancestors, traces the evolution of the idea of proto-monotism (the creative function of Tengri and Brahma, the intention of henotheistic faith) and its place in religious knowledge.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Culture Beliefs about Russia’s, Western and Eastern Civilizations among Creative Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-197
Author(s):  
V.U. Litvinov ◽  
L.V. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Study ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basic Constituent

Objective. The aim of this research was a comparative analysis of culture beliefs about Russia’s, Eastern and Western civilizations among the youth of Moscow City. Background. Civilization identity is the a basic constituent in forming of individual’s image of the world. Understanding and acceptance of civilization’s cultural particularities helps to save personal and social identity’s stability. But understanding of differences from other civilizations and comparison with them is no less important. Study design. The study examined the relationship between the various components of the cultural representations of civilizations. The presence and nature of the relationship was checked through correlation, qualitative and content analysis. Participants. 200 people (43% of men, 57% of women) from 18 to 2 years old, students of creative universities in Moscow, studying under the training programs for future media workers. Measurements. The study was carried out by the method of questioning, including the associative method, the method of unfinished sentences, closed and open questions. Results. The research’s results proved the hypothesis that culture beliefs of Russia’s youth are qualitatively different for each of the presented civilizations. Besides, the research discovered differences related to gender. Russia’s and Eastern civilizations turned out to be the closest for male according to the research’s results, and for female — Russia’s and Western civilizations respectively. Conclusions. There is a qualitative difference between the cultural ideas of Russian, Western and Eastern civilizations among Russian youth.

scholarly journals Mentalization mediates the relation between early traumatic experiences and aggressive behavior in adolescence

Psihologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Taubner ◽  
Christian Curth
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Reflective Functioning ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Experience Of Care ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study was to examine whether mentalization serves as a protective factor against aggressive behavior in adolescence in the context of early traumatization. We present data from a non-clinical sample of adolescents from Germany (n=97) and calculate a mediation model to test the link between early traumatic experiences and aggressive behavior with mentalizing skills as a mediator. Mentalization was assessed with the Reflective Functioning Scale on the Adult-Attachment-Interview and aggressive behavior was measured with the Reactive-Proactive-Aggression-Questionnaire. Traumatic experience was operationalized as physical and/or sexual abuse as reported in the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire. Results show a complete mediation for Reflective Functioning on the relationship between early abuse and aggressive behavior. Thus, the findings of the study support an understanding of mentalizing as a protective factor for the relationship between early abusive experience and the development of aggressive behavior. Clinical implications are discussed.

Cognitive and Affective Empathy, Personal Belief in a Just World, and Bullying Among Offenders

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (17) ◽  
pp. 2591-2604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén López-Pérez ◽  
Yaniv Hanoch ◽  
Kayleigh Holt ◽  
Michaela Gummerum
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Just World ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Prisoners

Bullying extracts a heavy toll on offenders and prison staff alike. Studying what factors may affect bullying is extremely important as this may help to minimize bullying in prison. Although there is research on the relationship between lack of empathy and positive attitude toward bullying, previous research has overlooked that age may influence this relationship. In fact, previous research has shown that there are changes in empathy across the life span. Therefore, we examined whether having a positive attitude toward bullying in offenders was predicted by age, mediated by cognitive/affective empathy. Another important factor in the prediction of positive attitudes toward bullying may be the belief in a just world, as having a weak belief is related to more aggressive outbursts. Given that there is scarce research in the topic, we examined the relationship between having a positive attitude toward bullying and personal belief in a just world. To that aim, 123 sentenced adult male prisoners, selected from a Category C prison in the United Kingdom completed different questionnaires to assess their levels of cognitive and affective empathy, positive attitude toward bullying, and personal belief in a just world. As expected, age predicted a positive attitude toward bullying, mediated by affective empathy. However, we did not find a positive relationship between a positive attitude toward bullying and a personal belief in a just world. The results are discussed in terms of their application in possible intervention programs.

Automotive Modeling Design of Semiotics Decipher

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 542-546
Author(s):  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Xue Liu ◽  
Jia Jing ◽  
Yong Dang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Automotive Design ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Culture Technology

In the modern society, as one of the most important products in the world, automobile is not only bearing its main function, but also many other functions just like the semiotics. This article talks about the relationship between semiotics and basic elements of automotive design. The authors discuss the culture, technology, aesthetic, emotion, speed, security and many other considerations of automotive design to find out the effective ways to design vehicles. Exploring and establishing the theories in modeling of automotive to reveal how to express the semiotics in the products of automotive.

scholarly journals Representation of Communicative and Pragmatic Frame ‘Intellect’ In English, German and Russian Paremiological World Pictures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milyausha R Shaimardanova ◽  
Anna V. Zorina ◽  
Leysan A. Akhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
World View ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
The World ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the study is to conduct a cognitively-comparative analysis of the representation of the communicative-pragmatic frame intellect (Russianум, German Klugheit) objectified in proverbs of English and Russian languages, which, being a reflection of the world view of a particular ethnic group, are a conventional way of expressing stereotypes of the people.The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of stereotypical assessments of the intellectual abilities of an individual as a representative of a particular society, through the study of paremias containing the nomination of the intellect – foolishness binome in the English, German and Russian paremiological view of the world.The article bears the result of the study of 1243 proverbial units – 412 English, 433 German and 398 Russian proverbs and sayings. As a result, universal and unique stereotypical representations of the value and the availability of knowledge and intelligence were revealed; the relationship between the level of mental abilities and behavior, luck; dependence of intelligence on alcohol, age, wealth and happiness.In addition, a correlation was determined between related (English and German) and unrelated (Russian) languages, which, in turn, facilitates the process of cognitive learning of the languages studied. Consequently, the article contributes to solving the problems of intercultural communication.

scholarly journals Validation of the General and Personal Belief in a Just World scales in Iran and Their Relations to Perceived Threat of Kin Favoritism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mikani ◽  
Parisa Rafiee ◽  
Matthias Donat
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Just World ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Robust Measures ◽  
Negative Predictor

People possess a pre-conscious need to believe in the existence of justice in the world. This belief in a just world (BJW) is usually measured with self-report scales. Dalbert et al. (1987) and Dalbert (1999) have developed the general belief in a just world (GBJW) and personal belief in a just world (PBJW) scales as psychometrically robust measures of just-world beliefs. We conducted three studies to demonstrate the validity of the Persian versions of belief in a just world scales and the importance of distinguishing between GBJW and PBJW. First, we confirmed the factor structure. reliability, convergent validity (self-esteem, life satisfaction, and religiosity), and divergent validity (big five personalityfactors and dark triad traits) of GBJW and PBJW using Iranian participants (N1 = 454). Second, the associations of GBJW and PBJW with perceived threat of unjust behavior directed to self or others were assessed using two scenario-based studies (N2 = 81, N3 = 71) in the context of kin favoritism. While GBJW negatively predicted perceived threat of kin favoritism directed to others, PBJW was a negative predictor of perceived threat of kin favoritism directed to self. Consistent with theoretical assumptions, perceived likelihood of punishment mediated these associations. In addition to providing further evidence for the differentiation between GBJW and PBJW, the findings of Study 2 and 3 also support the idea of an optimistic bias towards self by showing that people perceived less threat of kin favoritism when others, rather than themselves, were potential victims of injustice.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Just World Beliefs and Life Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6410
Author(s):  
Warren G. Harding ◽  
Jasmin Tahmaseb McConatha ◽  
V. K. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Just World Beliefs ◽  
Just World ◽  
The World ◽  
Procedural Concerns ◽  
The Relationship

An important and often unexplored factor shaping life satisfaction is one’s perception of the world as a “just” place. The “just world hypothesis” is predicated on the idea that the world works as a place where people get what they merit, an idea that often serves as a means for people to rationalize injustices. The research addressing just world beliefs has expanded into a four-factor model that categorizes just world beliefs for self and others into subcategories of distributive and procedural justice. Distributive justice involves evaluations of the fairness of outcomes, allocations, or distribution of resources, while procedural concerns evaluations of the fairness of decision processes, rules, or interpersonal treatment. This study explored the relationship between the four just world beliefs subscales and overall satisfaction with life and examined their associations with demographic variables including ethnicity, age, gender, religion, and social class. The relationships of demographic factors with justice beliefs and life satisfaction generally yielded very small effect sizes. However, respondents who identified themselves as middle and upper class reported higher levels of life satisfaction than those who identified themselves as lower class, with a medium effect size. Consistent with the results of earlier research, regressing life satisfaction on the four justice beliefs subscales indicated that the two self-subscales (distributive and procedural) were significantly predictive of life satisfaction, but the two other subscales (distributive and procedural) were not.

scholarly journals The conceptual opposition “Wealth-Poverty” in heparemiological units of the Russian and Kazakh languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-B) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Radif Rifkatovich Zamaletdinov ◽  
Gulnaz Rishatovna Izhbaeva ◽  
Aigerim Sidegalikyzy Mirzagalieva
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Linguistic Experience ◽  
Spiritual Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Relationship

Currently, one of the topical issues of modern linguistics is the study of certain concepts. The result of this linguistic experience is also paremias, which are an important element of folk culture. Folk culture, in turn, has linguistic expression. Interest in the study of this issue is due to the fact that modern scientists have recently repeatedly turned to the consideration of the issue of the relationship between language, thinking and human spiritual culture. The concept of "wealth-poverty" is one of the key concepts to understand the world of peoples, since the content of this concept in modern society is determined by the measure of the concept of "happiness". In this regard, this article analyzes the concept of "wealth-poverty" in the paremiological units of the Russian and Kazakh languages. By proverbs it is possible to determine common and different features in the comprehension of the world by different peoples, to show the reflection of this world in proverbs, and also to compare the emerging mentality of the people in proverbs.

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