The Likelihood of Early Guilty Pleas Following Digitally Recorded Victim Statements for Family Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110550
Author(s):  
Darren Walton ◽  
Ross Ellwood ◽  
Samara Martin
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Guilty Plea ◽  
The Public ◽  
Elevated Rate ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Modest Effect

This study follows 4715 Family Harm cases for which charges are laid (from around 15,000 events from 2018–2020). Comparisons are made between cases where a digitally recorded victim video statement (VVS) is taken to those who (1) make a written statement, (2) refuse to make any statement and (3) present at the public counter and make a written statement. Findings indicate that VVS increases the rates of an early guilty plea by 95% (OR = 1.95, LCL = 1.34, UCL = 2.7) compared to those who decline a VVS and have a written statement. No difference is observed for those presenting to report an event at a public counter. A more modest effect is observed comparing those who refuse a statement altogether (OR = 1.28, LCL = 1.03, UCL = 1.60). A VVS is nearly twice as likely to lead to an early guilty plea. It is reasoned that there is a poor rate of guilty pleas for written statements, rather than an elevation in rates for VVS. Age and gender are unrelated to the elevated rate of pleading guilty to a VVS. Event seriousness is inversely related to pleading guilty, whereas having many prior convictions or being remanded increases the likelihood of the guilty plea.

scholarly journals Doctors, suicide and mental illness

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Gerada
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Programme

This article focuses on doctors and suicide. It provides real examples to illustrate why doctors die by their own hand. These reasons are replicated in the general population, but also include a host of additional risk factors related to being a doctor. In each case, information about the doctor is in the public domain or, as in one case, consent from the next of kin has been obtained for a detail not in the public domain. The author is a doctors' doctor, heading up a confidential health service for doctors with mental illness or addiction, the National Health Service Practitioner Health Programme. Mortality data from the programme (January 2008–January 2017) will also be included. For the sake of confidentiality, data is collated and details regarding age and gender have been approximated.Declaration of interestNone.

Suicides in Northern India: Causes, methods used and prevention

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
B R Sharma ◽  
Vivek Sharma ◽  
Dasari Harish ◽  
Krishan Vij
Keyword(s):  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Public ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The North ◽  
North Indians ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Motivating Factor ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Very High ◽  
Commit Suicide

Suicide patterns and rates differ in various populations and cultures. It has been reported that developing countries have lower suicide rates, possibly because of a lower level of environmental stress but the Indians have a very high suicide rate (Elfawal, 1999). The choice of method used to commit suicide depends on availability of means, knowledge about lethal effectiveness, and the victim's motivation and intent. The present work was designed to investigate the different methods of self-destruction, the age and gender susceptibility to suicide, the groups particularly affected and the underlying motivating factor for such an extreme step among the North Indians. Various suggestions relating to decreasing the tensions of the modern mechanical life-style, educating the public in general and the availability, use and storage of agrochemicals have been put forward. Marriage counselling and the concept of family planning are also advocated.

scholarly journals PROFILE OF USERS OF AMBULATORY AND HOSPITAL SERVICES

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
FlávioAlberto Oliva ◽  
Maria Lúcia Ribeiro ◽  
Marina Armelin Silva ◽  
Marjori Leiva Camparoto ◽  
Telma Reginato Martins
Keyword(s):  
Public Hospital ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender

The goal of this study was to understand the gender and age profile of the users of ambulatory services at public hospital. Gender and age are fundamental elements for the construction of public policies at local and regional level. We performed a 3-year retrospective data collection, regarding age and gender of the population of the outpatient clinic of the public hospital between 2013 and 2015. It is a research with quantitative approach performed through three databases from january 2013 to December 2015 totaling 460.505 consultations. The database of the public hospital was adopted as the primary source, it was also consulted the database of the last two censuses of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the database of the Regional Health Division. The cross-checking of data, through Microsoft Excel and the Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) software, allowed the construction of a graph structured by gender and age according to the standards defined by IBGE on 2010, as well as the comparison between age and gender profile of the total population attended by public hospital and its consultations. The female audience represents 60.5% of the attendances, while the male population accounts for 39.5%. Only in the age groups between 0 and 14 and 85 to 89 years the male audience is larger. The difference in care is accentuated in the middle of the pyramid, in the ranges between 30 and 69 years, during which time women are responsible for 65.5% of the attendances against 34.5% of men. Such gender proportional differences are maintained on the total population, the only significant variation is on the age group from 80 and older where although there is a female majority of users, there is also a larger female majority on the population. Studies show that women make more references to health problems than men, as these represent, according to the male imagination, virility and strength, not representing vulnerability to the disease. Men do not recognize themselves as targets of health care and they are less likely to seek health services for cultural reasons, mainly, opening space for discussion about social inequalities in health between men and women.

scholarly journals Social value orientations and public confidence in institutions: A young democracy under the imprint of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheena Moosa ◽  
Aminath Riyaz ◽  
Raheema Abdul Raheem ◽  
Hawwa Shiuna Musthafa ◽  
Aishath Zeen Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Value Orientations ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Value Orientations ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
And Gender

Social value orientations (SVOs) of a society determine peoples' behaviour and are critical for young democracies in crises. This paper draws on the Maldives Values in Crisis survey, conducted during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. SVOs assessed using the Schwartz Personal Values Questionnaire shows that Maldivian society weigh slightly towards prosocial. Urban-rural, age, and gender determine the SVOs on the dimension of Openness to change versus Conservation while age and gender determine the SVOs on Self-enhancement versus Self-transcendence dimension. Confidence in the public institutions were moderate and not associated with the SVOs. The moderate level of SVOs and confidence in institutions reflects the democratic landscape of the country. Although prosocial SVOs are favourable for implementing containment measures of the pandemic, without a strong value orientation towards conservation and self-transcendence, and confidence in the institutions, the country faces the risk of non-compliance to measures and escalation of the crisis.

scholarly journals A report that Fukushima residents are concerned about radiation from Land, Food and Radon

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Tamari ◽  
Yujiro Kuroda ◽  
Ryu Miyagawa ◽  
Kanabu Nawa ◽  
Akira Sakumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
The People ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year ◽  
Public Concerns

Abstract The Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster occurred on 11 March 2011, which caused the leakage of radioactive materials into the environment. In this study, we report public concerns about radiation in Fukushima and Tokyo almost one year after the nuclear disaster. We examined the public concerns by analyzing the data from 1022 participants, 555 in Fukushima and 467 in Tokyo. They were asked whether they were concerned about radiation from some of six different types of sources, which could be answered in a binary way, ‘yes’ or ‘no’. We found not only similarities, but also significant differences in the degrees of concerns between Fukushima residents and Tokyo ones. Fukushima residents more concerned about radiation from land, food and radon in larger rate than that of Tokyo ones, while Tokyo residents were concerned about radiation from medical care. Residents in neither location were concerned about radiation from space. Our results suggested that careful risk communication should be undertaken, adaptively organized depending on location and other factors, e.g. comprehension about radiation, presence of the experience of evacuation, and also age and gender of the people.

scholarly journals THE MANIFESTATION OF PROSOCIAL AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN DEPENDING ON SEX AND AGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Aid Bulić ◽  
◽  
Gabriel Pinkas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
School Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

In this paper we present the results of research on a sample of 101 children. All children attending kindergarten "Sunčica" that exists within the Public Institution for pre-school education "Our child" Tuzla. Our goal was to investigate and determine which behavior, prosocial or aggressive, is more manifested by pre-school children. Also, we wanted to determine whether there is a significant difference in the expression of aggressive and prosocial behavior of children in relation to their age and gender. The results we obtained showed that preschool children manifested more prosocial than aggressive behavior, that there are significant differences in the expression of prosocial and aggressive behavior of children in relation to sex, and that there are significant differences between certain age groups of children in the context of prosocial behavior while among some age groups in the context of prosocial behavior and among all age groups in context of aggressive behavior there were no statistically significant differences.

scholarly journals Preferences of seniors living in selected Baltic Sea region countries towards the use of indoor public space furniture

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0258676
Author(s):  
Beata Fabisiak ◽  
Anna Jankowska ◽  
Robert Kłos ◽  
Joan Knudsen ◽  
Catharina Gillsjö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Public ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Grouping Method ◽  
And Gender

Demographic changes can be observed all over the world. The number of seniors located in the societies of well-developed countries continues to rise. Both enterprises and governments need to be prepared for such changes. Consequently, public spaces need to evolve to reduce problems related to ageism and be friendly to all. Much attention is currently being paid to finding solutions for redesigning public spaces and adjusting them to the needs and requirements of senior citizens. To identify the preferences of seniors in relation to the characteristics of furniture in indoor public spaces, a survey study with 1539 respondents aged 60+ was conducted in Denmark, Finland, Latvia, Poland, Russia and Sweden. The gathered data were coded and implemented to the unified database. The statistical grouping method was used to recognize the characteristics of the needs and attitudes of seniors related to the use of public space furniture. The main variables taken into consideration in the analysis were the age and gender of respondents and their country of living. Among the most important findings are those indicating the necessity to provide the increased number of furniture for sitting in the public spaces and making sure they are not located too far away from each other. As the main disadvantages of public space furniture respondents indicated the lack of armrests or other solutions to facilitate getting up and/or sitting down, as well as profiled backrests that constitute solid support for the spine. The implementation of these data in the process of rethinking and redesigning public spaces may support the adaptation of indoor public furniture according to the requirements of a very large group of customers, namely, seniors.

scholarly journals Customer Satisfaction towards Online Shopping

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahil Abdallah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Likert Scales ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Customer Services ◽  
And Gender ◽  
User Friendly

Online shopping is the biggest part of customer attraction as well as customer satisfaction. In today’s technology environment, most businesses rely on internet purchasing to both please their consumers and attract new ones. The effects of online shopping on improving customer satisfaction are the subject of this study report. The study also sought to determine the effects of online shopping on improving customer satisfaction in retail establishments. The research tasks entailed an ethical construction of a questionnaire keeping in view the research topic and tasks at hand. The construction of the survey was done keeping multiple touch points in consideration. Extensive research was done to identify the most prominent issues in the realm of online shopping. The survey was constructed based on these observations and was then circulated to a group of 100 respondents of varying ages, genders, and from different physical locations. Likert scales were used to gather experience-based data from all respondents. After being working on the research, we have come to learn that customer satisfaction plays a vital role in how the choices of people to shop online. Websites offering online shopping must have good customer services and user-friendly applications or websites to be easily accessible to the public and therefore making them prefer online shopping over in-person shopping. The study also revealed that online shopping has a variety of consequences (age and gender) and according to the analysis, online shopping assists in good quality, access, and comfort, resulting in increased customer satisfaction.

scholarly journals Citizens, doctors, politicians - who´s an expert in times of COVID-19? A survey in Austria and Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Schaffler-Schaden ◽  
Juergen Herfert ◽  
James O´Brien ◽  
Tim Johansson ◽  
Alexander Seymer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
The Public ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level Of Agreement ◽  
Health Experts ◽  
Valid Information

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore which measures and risk factors for a COVID − 19 infection are considered most important in the general population, health experts and policymakers and to assess the level of agreement across the groups from Austria and Germany. Methods A two-phased survey was conducted, participants were matched according to age and gender. Three different groups were asked which measures they considered most relevant in reducing a COVID-19 transmission, to determine which factors contribute most to the risk of disease, and to evaluate the level of agreement in the assessment of risk factor relevance for (a) the transmission of the disease and (b) the risk of a severe course of COVID-19. Results Risk factors for an infection that were selected from all three groups were immunosuppression/deficiency, cancer, chronic lung disease, smoking, age and working as a health care professional. Interrater agreement per population was only poor to slight and results were highly heterogeneous. Conclusions Our survey shows a broad spectrum of opinions and the associated general uncertainty about the risk factors for infection and a severe course of disease across the groups. Profound knowledge of politicians and experts is of high relevance to provide the public with valid information to ensure cooperation fighting the pandemic. Trial registration https://apps.who.int/trialsearch/ (ID: DRKS00022166). Registered 15 June 2020.

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