Concealed Carrying on Campus in the Post–Virginia Tech Era: Dimensions of State Regulation and Differences in Contexts of Influence Within Them

2021 ◽  
pp. 088740342110282
Author(s):  
John J. Sloan ◽  
Bonnie S. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Virginia Tech ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Marginal Means ◽  
Post Hoc

Debates over concealed carrying of guns on campus (CCOC) usually classify states as either “allowing” or “prohibiting” CCOC, thus ignoring research revealing state firearm regulatory frameworks are more nuanced. This study examined whether such subtleties existed in state CCOC regulatory frameworks by analyzing states’ 2018 CCOC regulatory provisions. Results showed that states used a multi-categorical restrictiveness-by-institutional discretion framework to regulate CCOC. In addition, indicators of intrastate contexts of influence (firearms, political, and religious) on regulatory policy differed across categories of restrictiveness and institutional discretion. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant differences in indicators of states’ political contexts, and post hoc comparisons of paired marginal means revealed significant differences in political indicators between states prohibiting CCOC and those allowing or those with mixed restrictiveness, and between states according schools full discretion and those according schools no discretion. Implications of the results are discussed for state-level research on firearms regulation and the ongoing CCOC debate.

scholarly journals STATE REGULATION OF AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Salamin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Stable State ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Market ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Market Relations

Problems of state regulation of agriculture in Ukraine are analyzed. It is shown that all problems will be solved automatically in the initial stages of agricultural reform on a market basis. It was believed that market levers operate automatically. Without the established agricultural market and its infrastructure, the liberalization of economic activity has only exacerbated the problems. In the following periods, regulatory acts were aimed at solving certain problems without defining strategic goals for agricultural development. The efforts of state agricultural management bodies are aimed at bringing regulatory policy closer to the model used in the European Union. Similar approaches are often copied without regard for the state of agriculture in Ukraine and the level of market relations. A feature of agriculture in Ukraine is the inadequate level of infrastructure of the agricultural market. Because of this, prices for agricultural products are not generated by the market, but they are formed under the monopoly influence of certain structures. Prices are very variable. It is very difficult for manufacturers to adapt to such prices. In such conditions, especially large business entities are developing rapidly. Their activities are aimed at bringing products to foreign markets where prices are more stable. State farm support programs do not provide the necessary results. There are not natural processes of transformation personal farms into commodity farms. It is proposed that the state regulatory policy can be aimed at creating self-regulatory economic systems in which prices would be formed to all participants in market relations without direct state influence. It is acceptable to organize product processing and branded trade in sales cooperatives. The need to expand the functions of wholesale markets for agricultural products is substantiated. It is expedient to direct the funds of state support for wholesale markets for agricultural products to establish branches of these markets. They would provide transport services to small producers, store products, at the direction of the owners, organize auctions. This will ensure the overcoming of isolation from market relations of small businesses, their production of competitive products.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF MODERN INTERACTION BETWEEN SUBJECTS OF THE MARITIME SEGMENT OF THE LABOUR MARKET

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2(79)) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
O.K. AFANASIEVA ◽  
A.O. HUK
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
State Level ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Positive Effect

Topicality. Nowadays, crewing business in Ukraine is at the stage of formation and development, so its study is a rather new topic for modern Ukrainian science. The study of the problem of considering the crewing business from the point of view of rising the quality of the labour force in the seafarers' labour market, highlights the features of modern interaction between the subjects of the maritime segment of the labour market in terms of the effectiveness of work with marine personnel, helps to orient work in the maritime industry at the state level in the direction of risk reduction and maximum elimination of threats of the present for a modern shipping company, it is necessary to ensure the safety of seafarers in the legal and operational field, which is the basis of this scientific article. Aim and tasks. The aim and tasks of the study are to determine the features of modern interaction between the subjects of the maritime segment of the labour market: the shipowner, the crewing company and the seafarer to design further ways to develop crewing activities. Research results. The article considers the features of the interaction between the subjects of the maritime segment of the labour market: the shipowner, the crewing company and the sailor in the modern dimension of the development of crewing activities. The commercial relationship between the interests of the customer and the intermediary in the selection of a successful skilled employee is analysed. Threats to the development of the modern maritime industry, affecting the labour market of seafarers, have been identified. The ways of further state regulation of the activities of crewing companies in Ukraine on the employment of seafarers and ensuring their protection in any port of the world are covered. Conclusion. The value of the work is determined by the small number of publications on this topic. In Ukraine the opportunity to ensure the protection of seafarers is conditioned by a new state policy, it provides for the introduction of new laws and regulations in the maritime industry, they are aimed at supporting seafarers working on ships on international voyages. The adoption of positive state decisions in the shortest possible time is a way to strengthen international cooperation in ensuring the observance of the labour and social seafarers� rights, their guarantees, ultimately, it will have a positive effect on the development of crewing activities in our country.

Post hoc analysis of a randomised, placebo-controlled, active-reference 6-week study of brexpiprazole in acute schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Marder ◽  
Hans Eriksson ◽  
Yudong Zhao ◽  
Mary Hobart
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Quetiapine Xr ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractObjective:We provide a closer look at the result of a randomised, placebo-controlled, active-reference (quetiapine XR), flexible-dose, 6-week study of brexpiprazole in schizophrenia, which did not meet its primary endpoint – change from baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score. We also investigate potential expectancy bias from the well-known side-effect profile of the active reference that could have affected the study outcome.Methods:Pre-specified sensitivity analyses of the primary end point were performed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) last observation carried forward (LOCF) and observed cases (OC). Post hoc analyses of change from baseline in PANSS total score were performed using the mixed model for repeated measures approach with treatment groups split by having typical adverse events with potential for functional unblinding, for example, somnolence, increase in weight, dizziness, dry mouth and sedation.Results:Pre-specified sensitivity analyses showed separation from placebo for brexpiprazole at week 6: LOCF, ANCOVA: −4.3 [95% CI (−8.0, −0.5), p = 0.0254]. OC, ANCOVA: −3.9 [95% CI (−7.3, −0.5), p = 0.0260]. Patients treated with brexpiprazole experiencing typical adverse events with potential for functional unblinding before or at Week 2 had a least square (LS) mean PANSS change of −29.5 (improvement), with a difference in change from baseline to Week 6 in PANSS total score between brexpiprazole and placebo of −13.5 [95% CI (−23.1, −4.0), p = 0.0057], and those who did not had an LS mean change of −18.9 and a difference between brexpiprazole and placebo of −2.9 [95% CI (−7.2, 1.4), p = 0.1809].Conclusion:Pre-specified sensitivity analyses showed separation from placebo for brexpiprazole at Week 6. A post hoc analysis suggested a potential confounding of efficacy rating towards symptom improvement in patients who experience known side effects of quetiapine XR.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Evaluation of Mandibular Volume in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate During the Deciduous Dentition Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishekhi Shrestha ◽  
Masahiro Takahashi ◽  
Tetsutaro Yamaguchi ◽  
Mohamed Adel ◽  
Mayu Furuhata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Objectives To examine the relationship between mandibular volume and craniofacial morphology in patients with cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare these findings with control (noncleft) patients undergoing CBCT for other purposes during the deciduous dentition period. Materials and Methods Eighty-four patients were categorized into the unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) group (n = 25; mean age, 4.60 ± 0.40 years), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) group (n = 23; mean age, 4.52 ± 0.39 years), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) group (n = 22; mean age, 4.54 ± 0.37 years), and control group without cleft (n = 14; mean age, 5.19 ± 0.52 years). Mandibular volume and craniofacial cephalometric measurements were obtained using CBCT. All measurements were assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using Bonferroni post hoc pairwise comparison tests. Results ANCOVA revealed no statistically significant differences in mandibular volume among the groups. SNA° and ANB° were significantly larger in the UCLA and BCLP groups than in the control group. SN-MP° was smallest in the UCLA group. Co-A in the UCLP group was shorter than in the UCLA and BCLP groups. Go-Gn was shortest in the UCLP and BCLP groups compared with the control group. Conclusions Three-dimensional evaluation of craniofacial morphology using CBCT can provide valuable information on malocclusion and other dentoskeletal problems among patients with CLP.

Aggression in Iranian adolescent girls: role of depressive mood, dysphoric disorder and premenstrual syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-291
Author(s):  
Sajjad Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Post Hoc

Purpose Aggression is a destructive experience in terms of social and public health. The purpose of this paper is to determine the role of depressive mood, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in adolescent girls’ aggression. Design/methodology/approach In a cross-sectional study, 510 girl students were selected by multistage cluster sampling from Lahijan and Sangar high schools (Northern Iran) in the 2017–2018 academic year, and each of them responded to the short version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13), Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool and Ahvaz Aggression Inventory. Data were analyzed by point-biserial and Pearson’s correlation coefficients, univariate analysis of covariance in the form of 2 × 3 factorial design and Hochberg’s GT2 post hoc test. Findings The questionnaires of 475 students were returned correctly (survey validity=93 percent). The results of ANCOVA after adjustment for confounding variables such as age and physical illness history revealed that the existence of main effect for depressive mood (F=31.50, df=1, p<0.0001) and PMS and PMDD diagnoses (F=11.39, df=2, p<0.0001) were associated with increased aggression. However, there was no significant interaction effect on aggression levels (p>0.05). Additionally, post hoc tests revealed no significant differences between the diagnosis of PMS and PMDD in terms of aggression (p>0.05). Research limitations/implications The present study has some limitations. Depressive mood and diagnoses of PMS and PMDD were defined through relying on the self-report data and cut points suggested by the questionnaires. Obviously, change of measurement tools or even cut points reduces the results reliability and repeatability. Furthermore, the research plan does not allow us to infer causal relations and does not provide information about the direction of the relationship between depression symptoms, PMS and PMDD diagnoses, and aggression. Finally, the present study is relied on high schools’ data, and the results cannot be generalized to other adolescent girls. Originality/value Despite the limitations of this study, its findings offer new insights into the factors influencing the perpetration of aggression in Iranian adolescent girls. Depressed adolescent girls and those receiving a PMS or PMDD diagnosis are more likely to develop aggression. These findings can be used in high schools to design educational and health-based interventions in order to reduce and prevent anger and resentment in adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Duloxetine in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain Who Used versus Did Not Use Concomitant Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs or Acetaminophen: A Post Hoc Pooled Analysis of 2 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Skljarevski ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Shuyu Zhang ◽  
Jonna Ahl ◽  
James M. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Post Hoc

This subgroup analysis assessed the efficacy of duloxetine in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) who did or did not use concomitant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen (APAP). Data were pooled from two 13-week randomized trials in patients with CLBP who were stratified according to NSAID/APAP use at baseline: duloxetine NSAID/APAP user (), placebo NSAID/APAP user (), duloxetine NSAID/APAP nonuser (), and placebo NSAID/APAP nonuser (). NSAID/APAP users were those patients who took NSAID/APAP for at least 14 days per month during 3 months prior to study entry. An analysis of covariance model that included therapy, study, baseline NSAID/APAP use (yes/no), and therapy-by-NSAID/APAP subgroup interaction was used to assess the efficacy. The treatment-by-NSAID/APAP use interaction was not statistically significant () suggesting no substantial evidence of differential efficacy for duloxetine over placebo on pain reduction or improvement in physical function between concomitant NSAID/APAP users and non-users.

Methodological Note on Trait-Treatment Interactions

1975 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-412
Author(s):  
Gary D. Borich
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Gain Scores ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Post Hoc

A procedure is described for determining trait-treatment interactions when the effects of potentially confounding variables have been controlled in the original design through the analysis of covariance or the calculation of residual gain scores. The procedure determines the homogeneity of group regressions, the regions of covariable values for which group regressions are significantly different, and the percent of error that may be expected from this procedure when subjects are differentially assigned to treatments. Implications for recasting research designs based on the post hoc analysis of trait-treatment interactions are discussed.

scholarly journals Time-motion analysis and effort-pause relationship in taekwondo combats: a comparison of competitive levels

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio ◽  
Bruno Antunez ◽  
Charles Bartel
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Structure ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Parametric

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p648 To improve the combat sports training processes, the knowledge of effort:pause (E:P) ratio and of the high intensity:low intensity (HI:LI) relationship may be useful. However, no studies have investigated these aspects in taekwondo (TKD) official matches from different levels. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the temporal structure of TKD combat matches at regional and state-level events. Thirty-four combat matches involving male TKD black belt athletes were analyzed. The athletes took part in two separate championships according to their level of competitiveness. Non-parametric distributions were identified in all variables, and the median was used as centrality and the interquartile range (25%-75%) for dispersion. The analysis of non-parametric variance, Kruskal-Wallis, with Dunn post-hoc, was used for comparisons between variables within the same competitive level and Mann-Whitney test between them. The significance level was 5%. On both levels, approximately 50% of combat time (51.3% and 50.8% in state and regional, respectively) was aimed at low-intensity activities in an observation mode; 12% of the time was devoted to preparation actions; and 36% represented high-intensity activity. It was also noted that the relationship of E:P at the state level was 1:8; at the regional level, it was 1:4. The relationship of HI:LI was 1:3 in the state and regional levels. It was observed that there is a difference in the E:P relationship during TKD competitions among different competitive levels. These findings can assist coaches and trainers in developing suitable, specific training processes according to TKD competition level. 

scholarly journals HISTORICAL AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION ON SELF-REGULATORY ORGANIZATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
L.M. Parente
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
State Level ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Delegation Of Powers

The article examines the historical and legal preconditions for the formation of self-regulation in Ukraine and other countries. On the basis of the conducted research, the peculiarities of the development of self-regulation in the territory of Ukraine in different historical periods are determined. The preconditions for the formation of the institution of self-regulation in the field of management and professional activity are described. It is determined that self-regulation has been inherent in society since the beginning of the primary forms of the common cause. The primary forms of SROs developed rules of professional activity, performed the functions of control and supervision due to the vacuum of state regulation in such areas. The peculiarity of such organizations was certain legalization by the state. Such SROs regulated their own activities at the level of development and adoption of local acts. A feature of national self-regulation was the transition from voluntary to compulsory regulation. to distinguish three periods of development of legislative support in the field of self-regulation. Declarative (from 1991 to 1996): this period is characterized by the formal consolidation at the legislative level of the right of participants in public relations to create an SRO. However, the status of SROs was practically not regulated at the legislative level. At the state level, there was no strategy for the development of self-regulation in the field of management and professional activities. Institutional (from 1996 to 2016): during this period the system of delegation of powers from public authorities of the SRO, the system of legalization of the SRO is introduced. However, the rules on SROs are still chaotic, there is no clear mechanism for control and supervision of SRO activities by public authorities, the concept of participation in SROs as business entities and persons of certain professions is not defined. In a number of areas, despite the consolidation of the right to create SROs at the level of laws, SROs have not worked. Reformation (from 2016 to the present): characterized by the development at the legislative level of the Concept of reforming the institution of self-regulation, which outlines the problematic issues of the institution of self-regulation in Ukraine, identifies areas for improvement. Keywords: self-regulation, a self-regulatory organization, the sphere of management, professional activity, a delegation of powers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document