Workplace Well-Being Factors That Predict Employee Participation, Health and Medical Cost Impact, and Perceived Support

Purpose: This study tested relationships between health and well-being best practices and 3 types of outcomes. Design: A cross-sectional design used data from the HERO Scorecard Benchmark Database. Setting: Data were voluntarily provided by employers who submitted web-based survey responses. Sample: Analyses were limited to 812 organizations that completed the HERO Scorecard between January 12, 2015 and October 2, 2017. Measures: Independent variables included organizational and leadership support, program comprehensiveness, program integration, and incentives. Dependent variables included participation rates, health and medical cost impact, and perceptions of organizational support. Analysis: Three structural equation models were developed to investigate the relationships among study variables. Results: Model sample size varied based on organizationally reported outcomes. All models fit the data well (comparative fit index > 0.96). Organizational and leadership support was the strongest predictor ( P < .05) of participation (n = 276 organizations), impact (n = 160 organizations), and perceived organizational support (n = 143 organizations). Incentives predicted participation in health assessment and biometric screening ( P < .05). Program comprehensiveness and program integration were not significant predictors ( P > .05) in any of the models. Conclusion: Organizational and leadership support practices are essential to produce participation, health and medical cost impact, and perceptions of organizational support. While incentives influence participation, they are likely insufficient to yield downstream outcomes. The overall study design limits the ability to make causal inferences from the data.

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Forgiveness Working: Forgiveness, Health, and Productivity in the Workplace

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117116662312 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 59-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Loren Toussaint ◽

Everett L. Worthington ◽

Daryl R. Van Tongeren ◽

Joshua Hook ◽

Jack W. Berry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indirect Effects ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Effective Means ◽

Well Being ◽

Good Health ◽

Health Problems ◽

Interpersonal Stress ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Occupational Outcomes

Purpose: Associations between forgiveness and health promotion in the workplace were examined as mediating effects of workplace interpersonal stress. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Multiple Washington, DC, office-based and Midwestern manufacturing workplaces. Participants: Study 1: 108 employees (40 males and 68 females); mean age was 32.4 years. Study 2: 154 employees (14 males and 140 females); mean age was 43.9 years. Measures: Questionnaires measured forgiveness, unproductivity, absenteeism, stress, and health problems. Analysis: Bivariate and multiple correlation/regression and structural equation models were used. Indirect effects were estimated with bootstrapping methods. Results: In study 1, forgiveness of a specific workplace offense was inversely associated with unproductivity ( r = −.35, P < .001) and mental ( r = −.32, P = .001) and physical ( r = −.19, P = .044) health problems. In study 2, trait forgiveness was inversely associated with unproductivity (β = −.20, P = .016) and mental (β = −.31, P < .001) and physical health problems (β = −.28, P = .001), and workplace interpersonal stress partially mediated these associations (indirect effects = −.03, −.04, −.05, respectively). Conclusion: The association of forgiveness and occupational outcomes is robust. Forgiveness may be associated with outcomes by (at least partially) reducing stress related to workplace offenses. Forgiveness may be an effective means of coping following being emotionally hurt on the job that may promote good health, well-being, and productivity.

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Validation and Measurement Invariance of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) in a Spanish General Sample

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17228359 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (22) ◽

pp. 8359

Author(s):

Begoña Espejo ◽

Irene Checa ◽

Jaime Perales-Puchalt ◽

Juan Francisco Lisón

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Well Being ◽

Correlated Errors ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negative Experience

Well-being has been measured based on different perspectives in positive psychology. However, it is necessary to measure affects and emotions correctly and to explore the independence of positive and negative affect. This cross-sectional study adapts and validates the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) with a non-probabilistic sample of 821 Spanish adults. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed two related factors with two correlated errors. The average variance extracted was 0.502 for negative affect (SPANE-N) and 0.588 for positive affect (SPANE-P). The composite reliability was 0.791 for SPANE-N and 0.858 for SPANE-P. Measurement invariance analysis showed evidence of scalar invariance. Item-total corrected polyserial correlations showed values between 0.47 and 0.76. The path analysis used to test temporal stability, and the structural equation models used to test convergent and concurrent validity with other well-being measures, showed good fit. All path coefficients were statistically significant and over 0.480. For the validity models, the magnitude of the correlations was large and in the expected direction. The Spanish version of the SPANE show good psychometric properties. Future studies of emotional well-being in Spain can benefit from the use of this scale, and new studies must test cross-cultural invariance.

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Self-stigma as a mediator between social capital and empowerment among people with major depressive disorder in Europe: The ASPEN study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.06.002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 58-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M. Lanfredi ◽

S. Zoppei ◽

C. Ferrari ◽

C. Bonetto ◽

T. Van Bortel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Well Being ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Individual Social Capital

AbstractIntroduction:Individual social capital has been recognized as having an important role for health and well-being. We tested the hypothesis that poor social capital increases internalized stigma and, in turn, can reduce empowerment among people with major depressive disorder (MDD).Materials and methods:This is a cross-sectional multisite study conducted on a sample of 516 people with MDD in 19 European countries. Structural Equation Models were developed to examine the direct and indirect effects of self-stigma and social capital on empowerment.Results:Social capital and self-stigma accounted for 56% of the variability in empowerment. Higher social capital was related to lower self-stigma (r = –0.72, P < 0.001) which, in turn, partially mediated the relationship between social capital and empowerment (r = 0.38, P < 0.001).Conclusions:Social capital plays a key role in the appraisal of empowerment, both directly and through the indirect effect mediated by self-stigma. In order to improve empowerment of people with MDD, we identify strategies to foster individual social capital, and to overcome the negative consequences related to self-stigma for attainment of life goals.

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Physical Activity and Life Satisfaction: An Empirical Study in a Population of Senior Citizens

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.636914 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Marina Wöbbeking Sánchez ◽

Antonio Sánchez Cabaco ◽

Beatriz Bonete-López ◽

José David Urchaga Litago ◽

Manuel Joaquím Loureiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Senior Citizens ◽

Well Being ◽

Active Ageing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Education

Objective: The specialised literature indicates that the two key aspects in active ageing are performing physical activity and life satisfaction. Regarding physical activity, this not only improves physical aspects of senior citizens, but also has a positive impact on mental well-being and satisfaction with one’s own life. The aim is to demonstrate the relationship between these two variables to explain healthy ageing.Method: In a sample of 300 senior citizen subjects, the influence of various sociodemographic variables (age, sex, institutionalisation, and level of education) on the performance of physical activity and life satisfaction, is analysed. The research design is a non-experimental study with two unique cross-sectional and correlational measurement groups.Results: An analysis of the results indicates that people with a higher level of education present differences in physical and motivational reserves. Furthermore, age and institutionalisation have an impact on physical reserves. Analysis using structural equation models allows key relationships between the variables analysed to be predicted, which can guide the implementation of active ageing.Conclusion: Motivational reserves affect healthy cognitive ageing through their positive impact on cognitive and physical reserves.

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The Impact of Workaholism on Nurses’ Burnout and Disillusion

The Open Psychology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874350101811010077 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 77-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marcello Nonnis ◽

Davide Massidda ◽

Stefania Cuccu ◽

Claudio G. Cortese

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

South Italy ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Background:The literature has shown that workaholism acts at the root of burnout, but research regarding these constructs in the nursing profession is scant. Similarly, little attention has been paid to the impact of workaholism on disillusion, which is a dimension of burnout linked to professional vocation.Objectives:Contribute to the ongoing research on the relationship between workaholism and burnout among nurses. Moreover, this study considers disillusion as a dimension to be considered when investigating the relationship between workaholism and burnout, since nursing entails professional vocation.Method:The study followed a cross-sectional design. 614 nurses of six hospitals in South Italy have compiled two Self-report questionnaires: the Dutch Utrecht WorkAholism Scale (workaholism - Italian version) and the Link Burnout Questionnaire (burnout). Part of the group of subjects was diagnosed with both syndromes or considered at risk of developing them. The impact of workaholism on burnout was examined using Structural Equation Models for each variable.Results:More than 26% of the nurses are affected by burnout whereas 21% are workaholics. Working excessively proved to be a good predictor of both psychophysical exhaustion and disillusion.Conclusions:Nurses are at risk of workaholism and burnout. The study shows that workaholism is a predictor of nurses’ burnout, in particular working excessively (a dimension of workaholism) affects their psychophysical well-being and professional vocation.

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Influence of VFR Tourism on the Quality of Life of the Resident Population

Journal of Tourism and Services ◽

10.29036/jots.v11i20.142 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (20) ◽

pp. 60-73

Author(s):

Alfonso González Damián ◽

Alma Rosa Macías Ramírez

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Local Population ◽

Well Being ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tourism Destinations ◽

The Impact

The aim of this document is to report on characteristics of VFR travel, the perceived impacts of these trips, and their effects on the quality of life of the resident community. Cozumel, an international insular tourist destination in Mexico, is taken as case of study. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional observational study, driven by survey conducted in Cozumel to characterize VFR trips, using an instrument that has been previously tested in other destinations and a composite scale was constructed to measure perceived quality of life by means of a survey administered to a sample of Cozumel residents. Structural equation models were used to test the influence of the social impacts perceived by the population on their quality of life. The movement of VFR travellers to Cozumel is significant, although their main expenses are not used in commercial accommodation. Community and economic impacts are perceived as significant by the population, whereas the impact on mobility and local transportation is perceived as negative. The direct and positive influence of economic benefits on the quality of life of local population was significant, whereas community-related and transportation-related impacts were significant only for residents who were not visited by friends or relatives. The main implications of these findings lead to the need to examine, in greater detail, the quality of life of residents in tourism destinations receiving VFR travelers. Thus, the main contribution of this paper, is to figure out that it is not the same to receive visitors than to observe others receiving them, not just in economic terms, but in terms of emotional and community well-being. This contrast is very likely to be confirmed in studies carried out in other international tourism destinations around the world.

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Engaging leadership in the job demands-resources model

Career Development International ◽

10.1108/cdi-02-2015-0025 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 446-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Wilmar B. Schaufeli

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Work Performance ◽

Online Survey ◽

Job Demands ◽

Well Being ◽

Organizational Outcomes ◽

Job Resources ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to integrate leadership into the job demands-resources (JD-R) model. Based on self-determination theory, it was argued that engaging leaders who inspire, strengthen, and connect their followers would reduce employee’s levels of burnout and increase their levels of work engagement. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was conducted among a representative sample of the Dutch workforce (n=1,213) and the research model was tested using structural equation modeling. Findings – It appeared that leadership only had an indirect effect on burnout and engagement – via job demands and job resources – but not a direct effect. Moreover, leadership also had a direct relationship with organizational outcomes such as employability, performance, and commitment. Research limitations/implications – The study used a cross-sectional design and all variables were based on self-reports. Hence, results should be replicated in a longitudinal study and using more objective measures (e.g. for work performance). Practical implications – Since engaged leaders, who inspire, strengthen, and connect their followers, provide a work context in which employees thrive, organizations are well advised to promote engaging leadership. Social implications – Leadership seems to be a crucial factor which has an indirect impact – via job demands and job resources – on employee well-being. Originality/value – The study demonstrates that engaging leadership can be integrated into the JD-R framework.

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Affective Vulnerability to Short Sleep Predicts 10-Year Changes in Chronic Health Conditions

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 635-636

Author(s):

Nancy Sin ◽

Jonathan Rush ◽

Orfeu Buxton ◽

David Almeida

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Well Being ◽

National Study ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Telephone Interviews ◽

Item Checklist

Abstract We examined daily affective vulnerability to short sleep (i.e., individual differences in the extent that sleeping ≤6h predicts next-day affect) as a risk factor for developing chronic conditions 10 years later. Participants (N=1945, ages 35-85, 57% women) from the National Study of Daily Experiences reported sleep duration and affect in daily diary telephone interviews. Chronic conditions were assessed with a 39-item checklist (e.g., arthritis, hypertension, diabetes). Multilevel structural equation models revealed that individuals with heightened negative affect following short sleep had an increased number of chronic conditions after 10 years (Est.=1.20, SE=.48, p<.01). Positive affective vulnerability (i.e., greater declines in positive affect following shorter sleep vs. longer sleep) was marginally associated with 10-year chronic conditions (Est.=-.72, SE=.40, p=.07). Adding to the well-established connections between sleep duration and well-being across adulthood, these findings suggest that affective vulnerability to short sleep represents a unique risk factor for long-term health as people age.

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Assessing the Impact of Multi-Morbidity and Related Constructs on Patient Reported Safety in Primary Care: Generalized Structural Equation Modelling of Observational Data

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10081782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1782

Author(s):

Ignacio Ricci-Cabello ◽

Aina María Yañez-Juan ◽

Maria A. Fiol-deRoque ◽

Alfonso Leiva ◽

Joan Llobera Canaves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Patient Safety ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Morbidity Burden ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Patient Complexity ◽

Complex Relationships ◽

The Impact

We aimed to examine the complex relationships between patient safety processes and outcomes and multimorbidity using a comprehensive set of constructs: multimorbidity, polypharmacy, discordant comorbidity (diseases not sharing either pathogenesis nor management), morbidity burden and patient complexity. We used cross-sectional data from 4782 patients in 69 primary care centres in Spain. We constructed generalized structural equation models to examine the associations between multimorbidity constructs and patient-reported patient safety (PREOS-PC questionnaire). These associations were modelled through direct and indirect (mediated by increased interactions with healthcare) pathways. For women, a consistent association between higher levels of the multimorbidity constructs and lower levels of patient safety was observed via either pathway. The findings for men replicated these observations for polypharmacy, morbidity burden and patient complexity via indirect pathways. However, direct pathways showed unexpected associations between higher levels of multimorbidity and better safety. The consistent association between multimorbidity constructs and worse patient safety among women makes it advisable to target this group for the development of interventions, with particular attention to the role of comorbidity discordance. Further research, particularly qualitative research, is needed for clarifying the complex associations among men.

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Work from home: Indonesian employees' mental well-being and productivity during the COVID-19 pandemic

International Journal of Workplace Health Management ◽

10.1108/ijwhm-08-2020-0152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Auditya Purwandini Sutarto ◽

Shanti Wardaningsih ◽

Wika Harisa Putri

Keyword(s):

Psychological Health ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Work Performance ◽

Well Being ◽

Path Model ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Content Type ◽

Mental Well Being

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore to what extent employees' mental well-being affects their productivity while working from home (WFH) during the COVID-19 crisis and whether mental well-being and productivity differ across some socio-demographic factors.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study with online questionnaires was designed with 472 valid responses in Indonesia. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) were administered. Non-parametric tests and structural equation modeling were employed to analyze the data.FindingsThe prevalence of depression was 18.4%, anxiety 46.4% and stress 13.1%, with relatively good productivity. Gender, age, education level, job experiences, marital status, number of children and nature of the organization were associated with the employees' psychological health but not with their productivity, while the workspace availability influenced both outcomes. The study path model showed the negative correlation between WFH employees' psychological well-being and productivity.Research limitations/implicationsThis study may contribute to the implication of current mandatory WFH on mental well-being and productivity. Further studies need to address the representativeness and generalizability issues as well as incorporating potential stressors.Practical implicationsOrganizations may adopt WFH as a future working arrangement and identify the individual and occupational characteristics that provide the most impacts on productivity. It is also necessary for them to develop proper strategies to mitigate the psychological risks and overcome the WFH challenges.Originality/valueThere is still a lack of studies investigating the relationship between simultaneous effects of WFH on psychological well-being and productivity, and how they affect some socio-demographic variables in the context of COVID-19.

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