Mechanical Properties, Morphology, Thermal Performance, Crystallization Behavior, and Kinetics of PP/Microcrystal Cellulose Composites Compatibilized by Two Different Compatibilizers

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Xiuju ◽  
S. Juncai ◽  
Y. Huajun ◽  
L. Zhidan ◽  
T. Shaozao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Heterogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Nonisothermal Crystallization

Polypropylene (PP)/microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) composites and PP/MCC composites modified by maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA) and methyl acrylic acid glycidyl ester grafted PP (PP-g-GMA) respectively were prepared in a twin-screw extruder. The mechanical properties, morphology, and thermal performance were investigated. The nonisothermal crystallization, melting behavior, and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics were investigated by DSC. The results indicated that the addition of MCC had led to the increase of the tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength of PP. PP-g-GMA modification was more conducive to the improvement in tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength. The three types of PP/MCC composites have higher thermal decomposition temperatures, Vicat softening temperatures, and dimensional stability. Nonisothermal crystallizations of PP/MCC composites were in accordance with tridimensional growth with heterogeneous nucleation. Meanwhile, MCC was acted as the nucleating agent in PP matrix, which increased the crystallization temperature. PP-g-GMA further increased the crystallization temperature while PP-g-MA weakened the heterogeneous nucleation effect of MCC. Avrami equation and Mo method give a satisfactory description of the crystallization kinetics process. The activation energy of crystallization, nucleation constant, and fold surface free energy of PP were markedly reduced in PP/MCC composites and its compatibilized composites. The value of F( T) systematically increased with increasing relative degree of crystallinity. The addition of microcrystalline cellulose has greatly reduced the spherulitic size of PP.

Mechanical Property Improvement of Poly(Butylene Succinate) by Reinforcing with Modified Fumed Silica

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasirada Weerasunthorn ◽  
Pranut Potiyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fumed Silica ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Ir Spectrophotometry

Fumed silica particles (SiO2) were directly added into poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by melt mixing process. The effects of amount of fumed silica particles on mechanical properties of PBS/fumed silica composites, those are tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength as well as flexural strength, were investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties decreased with increasing fumed silica loading (0-3 wt%). In order to increase polymer-filler interaction, fumed silica was treated with 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPMS), and its structure was analyzed by FT-IR spectrophotometry. The PBS/modified was found to possess better tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength and flexural strength that those of PBS/fumed silica composites.

Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Aerogels / Phenolic Resin for Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1725-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jen Chen ◽  
Ming Yuan Shen ◽  
Yi Luen Li ◽  
Chin Lung Chiang ◽  
Ming Chuen Yip
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Surface Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Aerogels ◽  
Polymer Resin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Humidity Environment

This study used carbon aerogels (CA) and phenolic resin in fixed proportations to produce nano high polymer resin, and used poly ehtylene oxide (PEO) as the modifying agent for phenolic resin to improve the mechanical properties of phenolic resin and promote the surface conductivity. The prepared nano high polymer resin and carbon cloth were made into nano-prepreg by using ultrasonic impregnation method, and a nano-prepreg composite material was prepared by using hot compacting and cut to test pieces to measure its mechanical properties and surface conductivity as well as the influence of temperature-humidity environment (85°C/168hr and 85°C/85%RH/168hr) on mechanical properties. The result showed that the surface conductivity increased by 64.55%, the tensile strength at room temperature increased by 35.7%, the flexural strength increased by 18.4%, and the impact strength increased by 101%. In hot environment (85°C/168hr), the tensile strength decreased by 23.8%, the flexural strength increased by 3.1%, and the impact strength increased by 84.6%. In high temperature-high humidity environment (85°C/85% RH/168hr), the tensile strength decreased by 29.6%, the flexural strength decreased by 17%, and the impact strength increased by 95.7%.Introduction

Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Polymer Concrete with Three Types of Resin Systems

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Mostafa Hassani Niaki ◽  
Morteza Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari ◽  
Abdolhossein Fereidoon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Reinforced Polymer

This paper studies the mechanical properties of polymer concrete (PC) with three types of resin systems. First, the effect of 0.5 wt% up to 3 wt% basalt fiber on the mechanical properties of a quaternary epoxy-based PC is investigated experimentally, and the best weight percentage of basalt fiber is obtained. The results show that adding basalt fiber to PC caused the greatest enhancement within 10% in compressive strength, 10% in flexural strength, 35% in the splitting tensile strength, and 315% in impact strength. In the next step, the effect of nanoclay particles on the mechanical properties of basalt fiber-reinforced PC (BFRPC) is analyzed experimentally. Nanoclays increase the compressive strength up to 7%, flexural strength up to 27%, and impact strength up to 260% but decrease the tensile strength of the PC. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis is performed to study the fracture surface and morphology of various concrete specimens. In the last step, we consider the effect of two other different resin systems, rigid polyurethane and rigid polyurethane foam on the mechanical properties of reinforced polymer concrete. A comparison study presents that the epoxy PC has a higher specific strength than the polyurethane and ultra-lightweight polyurethane foam PC.

Direct Reactive Compatibilization of GMA on PE/Wood-Flour Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 378-379 ◽  
pp. 735-739
Author(s):  
Yue Wen Li ◽  
Xin Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Rupture Surface ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Reactive Compatibilization ◽  
Anchoring Strength

Reactive compatibilization between high-density polyethylene(HDPE) and wood-flour was achieved via direct reactive extrusion of glycidyl methacrylate(GMA), initiator, HDPE and wood-flour. Impact rupture surface of the composite was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM), and its load deformation temperature(HDT) and mechanical properties were tested. Effect of GMA dosage and extrusion temperature on reactive compatibilization of the composite was analysed. The result indicated that the anchoring strength of interface in the composite was obviously strengthened, and its HDT, tensile strength, flexural strength, notched impact strength and elongation at break of the composite were distinctly improved due to the addition of GMA and dicumyl peroxide(DCP). When the composite was extruded at 180°C, the peak values of its HDT, tensile strength, flexural strength, elongation at break and notched impact strength respectively were 84°C, 40Mpa, 45Mpa, 11% and 6.6KJ.m-2, which respectively increased by 17°C, 74%, 36%, 83% and 69% than that of the composite without reactive compatibilization, and when the composite was extruded at 190°C, the peak values of its HDT, tensile strength, flexural strength, elongation at break and notched impact strength respectively were 84°C, 40Mpa, 44Mpa, 11% and 6.6KJ.m-2, which respectively increased by 20°C, 60%, 26%, 83% and 83% than that of the composite without reactive compatibilization. When GMA usage increased, the HDT and mechanical properties of the composite increased first, then descended, and the optimum usage of GMA was 1wt%-3wt%.

Preparation and Properties of Wood Flour/HDPE Microcellular Foamed Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 1094 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Hong Li Jiang ◽  
Jing Lun Zhou ◽  
Jian Dong ◽  
Yu Min Wang ◽  
Jiu Yong Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Cell Diameter

The wood flour/HDPE microcellular foamed composites were prepared by means of torque rheometer. The effect of different wood flour content on mechanical properties and foamed behavior were studied. Results showed that the tensile strength and flexural strength of microcellular foamed composites first increased then decreased and the notched impact strength decreased with addition of wood flour, this was consistent with non-foamed composites. The density of composites increased and the density of foamed composites was less than non-foamed composites. With increasing wood flour content, the cell diameter of foamed composites first decreased then increased. When the content of wood flour was 40%, the cell diameter of the composites obtained the minimal value.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Abaca Fiber Reinforced Urea Formaldehyde Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Suvarna ◽  
Akash Katagi ◽  
Jackson Pasanna ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Basavaraju Bennehalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength

The present investigation focuses on the fabrication and mechanical characterization of alkali treated natural abaca fiber reinforced urea formaldehyde composites. The composites were prepared by means of compression moulding, and then the effects of fiber loading on mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength were investigated. The composite with 40 wt% abaca fibers gave excellent tensile strength and flexural strength showing that it has the most superior bonding and adhesion of all the composites. In particular, the highest value, 10.02 kJ/m2 of charpy impact strength is observed in the composite with 50 wt% abaca fiber. This work revealed the potential of using abaca fibers in fiberboard.

scholarly journals Effect of Ading Nanocarbon Black on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Amer Hameed Majeed ◽  
Mohammed S. Hamza ◽  
Hayder Raheem Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Dispersion Method ◽  
Carbon Black Nanoparticles

The study covers the effect of nanocarbon black particles (N220) on some important mechanical properties of epoxy reinforced with it [carbon black nanoparticles]. The nanocomposites were prepared with (1 to 10 wt. %) of carbon black nanoparticles using ultrasonic wave bath machine dispersion method. The results had shown that the tensile strength , tensile modulus of elasticity, flexural strength and impact strength are improved by (24.02%,7.93%,17.3% and 6% ) respectively at 2wt % .The compressive strength and hardness are improved by (44.4%, 12%) at 4wt%.

Morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/ethylene acrylic acid/maleic anhybride-grafted polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Tian ◽  
Shuhao Qin ◽  
Fuzhong Wu ◽  
Huixin Jin ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Melt Mixing

Polypropylene (PP)/ethylene acrylic acid (EAA)/maleic anhybride-grafted PP (PP- g-MA)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared using the melt mixing technique, and PP- g-MA and EAA were employed as the compatibilizers. The sodium montmorillonite (MMT) were pretreated with high-speed airflow pulverization method and then grafted using γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, followed by modification using trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride cation with supercritical carbon dioxide as the reaction medium (the obtained product was abbreviated as OGMMT). The modification of MMT was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of organoclay content on microstructure and mechanical properties of PP/EAA/PP- g-MA/OGMMT nanocomposites was investigated by XRD, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile strength, notched impact strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus. The results show that the OGMMT has a high weight loss, a large d-spacing increment, and exfoliation predomination structure. The addition of compatibilizers benefited the formation of exfoliated structure and the dispersion of OGMMT in PP matrix, and hence, enhanced the storage modulus ( G′) below the glass transition temperature ( Tg), storage modulus ( G″), Tg, tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of the nanocomposites. Furthermore, with the increasing OGMMT content, the nanocomposites exhibited very inconsiderable alteration in the clay dispersion level and enhanced G′ below the Tg, G″, tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of the nanocomposites, whereas the Tg was invariant. As a whole, the introduction of compatibilizers and OGMMT led to the reduction of notched impact strength, which also nearly linearly decreased with increasing clay content.

Effect of Coupling Agent on Mechanical Properties of Composite from Microcrystalline Cellulose and Recycled Polypropylene

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 390-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Awanis ◽  
S. Anis Sofia ◽  
Noorasikin Samat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
The Impact

This study shows the effect of using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as coupling agent on composite of RPP/MCC fiber. The compositions of MCC were varied from 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 wt%. The compounded samples were prepared into test specimens by using injection moulding. The RPP/MCC composites with and without the coupling agent were characterized through mechanical testing of flexural and impact test. The incorporation of the modified MCC was found to increase the modulus and flexural strength. The flexural test indicates that the addition of 4 wt% MCC-APS and 8 wt% MCC-MAPP significantly increased the flexural strength of the RPP composite compared to the unmodified MCC. The impact test shows higher impact strength at 4 wt% of RPP/MCC-APS and 2 wt% of RPP/MCC-MAPP, respectively.

Study on Application of Modified Polyethylene in Preparation of Wood-Plastic Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 379-385
Author(s):  
Qun Lü ◽  
Qing Feng Zhang ◽  
Hai Ke Feng ◽  
Guo Qiao Lai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

The wood-plastic composites (WPC) were prepared via compress molding by using the blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and modified polyethylene (MAPE) as the matrix and wood flour (WF) as filler. The effect of MAPE content in the matrix on the mechanical properties of the matrix and WPC was investigated. It was shown that the change of MAPE content in the matrix had no influence on the tensile strength of the matrix, but markedly reduced the impact strength of the matrix. Additionally, it had significant influence on the strength of WPC. When the content of wood flour and the content of the matrix remained fixed, with increasing the content of MAPE in the matrix, the tensile strength and the flexural strength of WPC tended to increase rapidly initially and then become steady. Moreover, with the increasing of MAPE concentration, the impact strength of WPC decreased when the low content of wood flour (30%) was filled, but increased at high wood flour loading (70%).

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