scholarly journals Will Algorithms Blind People? The Effect of Explainable AI and Decision-Makers’ Experience on AI-supported Decision-Making in Government

2020 ◽  
pp. 089443932098011
Author(s):  
Marijn Janssen ◽  
Martijn Hartog ◽  
Ricardo Matheus ◽  
Aaron Yi Ding ◽  
George Kuk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Business Rules ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Explainable Ai ◽  
And Training ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Made In

Computational artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are increasingly used to support decision making by governments. Yet algorithms often remain opaque to the decision makers and devoid of clear explanations for the decisions made. In this study, we used an experimental approach to compare decision making in three situations: humans making decisions (1) without any support of algorithms, (2) supported by business rules (BR), and (3) supported by machine learning (ML). Participants were asked to make the correct decisions given various scenarios, while BR and ML algorithms could provide correct or incorrect suggestions to the decision maker. This enabled us to evaluate whether the participants were able to understand the limitations of BR and ML. The experiment shows that algorithms help decision makers to make more correct decisions. The findings suggest that explainable AI combined with experience helps them detect incorrect suggestions made by algorithms. However, even experienced persons were not able to identify all mistakes. Ensuring the ability to understand and traceback decisions are not sufficient for avoiding making incorrect decisions. The findings imply that algorithms should be adopted with care and that selecting the appropriate algorithms for supporting decisions and training of decision makers are key factors in increasing accountability and transparency.

IMPLEMENTASI METODE VIKOR DALAM PENERIMAAN JURNALIS PADA KORAN WASPADA MEDAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Rahma Hayati ◽  
Mesran Mesran ◽  
Taronisokhi Zebua ◽  
Heri Nurdiyanto ◽  
Khasanah Khasanah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Support System ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Made In

The reception of journalists at the Waspada Daily Medan always went through several rigorous selections before being determined to be accepted as journalists at the Waspada Medan Daily. There are several criteria that must be possessed by each participant as a condition for becoming a journalist in the Daily Alert Medan. To get the best participants, the Waspada Medan Daily needed a decision support system. Decision Support Systems (SPK) are part of computer-based information systems (including knowledge-based systems (knowledge management)) that are used to support decision making within an organization or company. Decision support systems provide a semitructured decision, where no one knows exactly how the decision should be made. In this study the authors applied the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) as the method to be applied in the decision support system application. The VIKOR method is part of the Multi-Attibut Decision Making (MADM) Concept, which requires normalization in its calculations. The expected results in this study can obtain maximum decisions.Keywords: Journalist Acceptance, Decision Support System, VIKOR

D Minus Months: Strategic Planning for Weather-Sensitive Decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva D. Regnier ◽  
Joel W. Feldmeier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Sequential Decisions ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Current State ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Made In

General Eisenhower’s decisions to postpone and, one day later, to launch the “D-Day” invasion of Normandy are a gripping illustration of sequential decisions under uncertainty, suitable for any introductory decision analysis class. They’re also the archetypal example of weather-sensitive decision making using a forecast. This paper develops a framework for analyzing weather-sensitive decisions with a focus on the less-familiar strategic decisions that determine how forecasts are produced and what operational alternatives are available so that decision makers can extract value from forecasts. We tell the story of the decisions made in the months before D-Day regarding how to set up the forecasting process and the myriad decisions implicating nation-level resources that prepared Allied forces not just to invade, but to hold open that decision until the last possible hour so that Eisenhower and his staff could use the critical forecasts. Finally, we overview the current state of the weather-forecasting enterprise, the current challenges of interest to decision analysts, and what this means for decision analysts seeking opportunities to help the weather enterprise improve forecasts and to help operational decision makers extract more value from modern weather forecasts.

A Conceptual Model for Describing the Integration of Decision Aspect into Big Data

2022 ◽  
pp. 294-318
Author(s):  
Fatma Chiheb ◽  
Fatima Boumahdi ◽  
Hafida Bouarfa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Company ◽  
Support Decision Making

Big Data is an important topic for discussion and research. It has gained this importance due to the meaningful value that could be extracted from these data. The application of Big Data in the modern business allows enterprises to take faster and smarter decisions, achieving a real competitive advantage. However, a lot of Big Data projects provide disappointing results that don't address the decision-makers' needs due to many reasons. The main reason for this failure can be summarized in neglecting the study of the decision-making aspect of these projects. In light of this challenge, this study proposes the integration of decision aspect into Big Data as a solution. Therefore, this article presents three main contributions: 1) Clarify the definition of Big Data; 2) Presents BD-Da model, a conceptual model describes the levels that should be considered to develop a Big Data project aiming to solve a problem that calls a decision; 3) Describes a particular, logical, requirements-like approach that explains how a company develops a Big Data analytics project to support decision-making.

Activity-Based Methodology for Development and Analysis of Integrated DoD Architectures

2007 ◽  
pp. 85-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ring
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
The Core ◽  
Analysis Strategies ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Integrated Architecture ◽  
Architecture Development ◽  
Support Decision Making

This chapter describes the activity-based methodology (ABM), an efficient and effective approach to-ward development and analysis of DoD integrated architectures that will enable them to align with and fully support decision-making processes and mission outcomes. ABM consists of a tool-independent disciplined approach to developing fully integrated, unambiguous, and consistent DODAF Operational, System, and Technical views in supporting both “as-is” architectures (where all current elements are known) and “to-be” architectures (where not all future elements are known). ABM enables architects to concentrate on the Art and Science of architectures—that is identifying core architecture elements, their views, how they are related together, and the resulting analysis used for decision-making purposes. ABM delivers significant architecture development productivity and quality gains by generating several DoDAF products and their elements from the core architecture elements. ABM facilitates the transition from integrated “static” architectures to executable “dynamic” process models for time-dependent assessments of complex operations and resource usage. Workflow steps for creating integrated architecture are detailed. Numerous architecture analysis strategies are presented that show the value of integrated architectures to decision makers and mission outcomes.

A Conceptual Model for Describing the Integration of Decision Aspect into Big Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Fatma Chiheb ◽  
Fatima Boumahdi ◽  
Hafida Bouarfa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Company ◽  
Support Decision Making

Big Data is an important topic for discussion and research. It has gained this importance due to the meaningful value that could be extracted from these data. The application of Big Data in the modern business allows enterprises to take faster and smarter decisions, achieving a real competitive advantage. However, a lot of Big Data projects provide disappointing results that don't address the decision-makers' needs due to many reasons. The main reason for this failure can be summarized in neglecting the study of the decision-making aspect of these projects. In light of this challenge, this study proposes the integration of decision aspect into Big Data as a solution. Therefore, this article presents three main contributions: 1) Clarify the definition of Big Data; 2) Presents BD-Da model, a conceptual model describes the levels that should be considered to develop a Big Data project aiming to solve a problem that calls a decision; 3) Describes a particular, logical, requirements-like approach that explains how a company develops a Big Data analytics project to support decision-making.

scholarly journals How Cognitive Biases Influence the Data Verification of Safety Indicators: A Case Study in Rail

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Burggraaf ◽  
Groeneweg ◽  
Sillem ◽  
van Gelder
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Good Quality Data

The field of safety and incident prevention is becoming more and more data based. Data can help support decision making for a more productive and safer work environment, but only if the data can be, is and should be trusted. Especially with the advance of more data collection of varying quality, checking and judging the data is an increasingly complex task. Within such tasks, cognitive biases are likely to occur, causing analysists to overestimate the quality of the data and safety experts to base their decisions on data of insufficient quality. Cognitive biases describe generic error tendencies of persons, that arise because people tend to automatically rely on their fast information processing and decision making, rather than their slow, more effortful system. This article describes five biases that were identified in the verification of a safety indicator related to train driving. Suggestions are also given on how to formalize the verification process. If decision makers want correct conclusions, safety experts need good quality data. To make sure insufficient quality data is not used for decision making, a solid verification process needs to be put in place that matches the strengths and limits of human cognition.

scholarly journals BUILDING ON EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC EXCELLENCE TO DEVELOP AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ON INTERMODAL CONNECTIONS FOR LATVIA AND THE REGION

Transport ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambros Mitropoulos ◽  
Giannis Adamos ◽  
Eftihia Nathanail ◽  
Irina Yatskiv (Jackiva) ◽  
Igor Kabashkin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Scientific Excellence ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
And Training

Economic and social factors, including existing trends in urban population and employment growth combined with urbanization, have led to enhanced consumption and thus, increasing freight flows in the cities. Mitigation of transport impacts has led to plans towards a more sustainable urban environment. However, managerial and regulatory barriers restrict the incorporation of technological instruments and solutions to the sustainable dimension of decision-making and planning. This paper has sought to bridge this gap by organizing an educational and training program, which involves the participation of todays and tomorrow’s researchers, decision-makers and practitioners. Towards this direction, a methodology is developed that identifies existing gaps between the transport industry and the existing research, education and training programs and converts identified requirements and gaps into training courses. The paper addresses the context of intermodal interconnections for the case of Latvia and the region for stimulating and strengthening its scientific and technological capacity by providing knowledge in the field of smart interconnecting sustainable transport networks. The 2-level gap analysis that was developed and implemented with respect to the thematic areas of (1) ‘Governance and policy development’, (2) ‘Smart solutions’, and (3) ‘Decision-making’, and the validation process that followed, has revealed several requirements that exist currently for passenger and freight interchanges and educational programs for Latvia and the region. Based on the identified educational requirements for Latvia and the region, 20 educational areas were created that resulted in 12 courses for passenger and freight transport interchanges that are going to be used for training and education in Latvia.

Analysis of Business Intelligence Solutions in the SME Sectors

2015 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Leszek Kiełtyka ◽  
Klaudia Smoląg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Support Decision Making

Business intelligence (BI) solutions are aimed to help managers make decisions in enterprises. Through complex analysis, decision-makers are supported in building strategies of operation. Managers in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) are also becoming more aware of the fact that conventional methodology of analysis of current events is insufficient. Therefore, the need arises for using the solutions that support the processes of data analysis, finding relationships between each other or pointing to important tendencies and anomalies. These systems were primarily oriented at larger enterprises. However, BI solutions are more and more often adjusted to SME enterprises, offering a complex tool to support decision-making processes. This paper presents key stages in evolution of BI systems and characterizes selected BI systems dedicated to small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Substantial barriers to implementation of BI systems in SMEs were also indicated.

Rationality and risk-taking in Russia’s first Chechen War: toward a theory of cognitive realism

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-210
Author(s):  
Jason J. Morrissette
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Utility Maximization ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
Russian President ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Cognitive Realism ◽  
Made In

This article seeks to establish a better scholarly understanding of former Russian President Boris Yeltsin’s decision to launch an ill-planned, risky, and ultimately disastrous invasion of the breakaway republic of Chechnya in 1994. Examining the decision-making environment that led up to the invasion, I conclude that while neorealism provides an adequate explanation for Yeltsin’s motives in this case, the decisions that he made in pursuit of these goals do not reflect the logic of rational utility maximization commonly associated with neorealist theory. Instead, I suggest that prospect theory – based on the idea that decision-makers tend to be risk averse when confronted with choices between gains while risk acceptant when confronted with losses – offers significantly more explanatory insight in this case. Thus, the article offers further support for an alternative theoretical approach to international relations that some scholars have termed ‘cognitive realism’, incorporating neorealist motives with a more empirically accurate perspective on the decision-making processes undertaken in pursuit of these motives.

Unraveling the Complexities of Decision Making in Face-to-Face Groups: A Contextual Analysis of Plea-Bargained Sentences

1984 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Nardulli ◽  
Roy B. Flemming ◽  
James Eisenstein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Multilevel Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Made In

This article uses a variety of multilevel data collected from a nine-county study of felony courts to examine the joint effects of contextual and individual level (sociopolitical characteristics of decision workers) upon decisions made in face-to-face groups. The research finds that although the sociopolitical characteristics of decision makers (attitudes toward punishment, Machiavellianism, and operating styles) made a difference in the outcome of interactions, their role could not be accessed independent of the contextual factors surrounding the interactions. Some of the most important contextual factors were the kind of criminal case being handled, prosecutor office policies restricting discretion, and the configuration of attributes in the group handling the case. Although the data are wholly derived from the criminal court setting, the implications of the findings for studying decision making in other face-to-face groups are developed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document