Depressive Disorders Related to Female Reproductive Transitions

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elka Serrano ◽  
Julia “Jill” K. Warnock
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Hormonal Fluctuations ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Depression is rapidly becoming a major health concern. Recent estimates rank it as the fourth leading cause of disease burden worldwide, and its incidence is steadily increasing. Women have a risk of experiencing depressive illnesses that is twice that of men. Women with depression also typically experience greater functional impairment. The incidence of depression dramatically increases during the reproductive years, which correspond to ages 25 to 44 years. During this time frame, women may experience several reproductive milestones or transitional events such as menarche, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, infertility, miscarriage, and perimenopause/menopause. These transitions evoke neuroendocrinologic changes that appear to influence the risk for depressive episodes. Common disorders associated with these hormonal fluctuations include premenstrual dysphoric disorder, postpartum depression, and depression in the perimenopausal transition. Although the specific pathophysiologic association is still unclear, evidence supports that these reproductive transitions influence the risk of depression in women.

scholarly journals Insomnia, Inattention and Fatigue Symptoms of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6192
Author(s):  
Pai-Cheng Lin ◽  
Chih-Hung Ko ◽  
Yen-Ju Lin ◽  
Ju-Yu Yen
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Late Luteal Phase

Aim: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) has predictable, cyclic, psychological, and somatic symptoms, such as sleep problems. They result in functional impairment, are aggravated in the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and are resolved by menstruation. The present study evaluated the insomnia, inattention, and fatigue symptoms of PMDD and their fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. Methods: A total of 100 women were diagnosed as having PMDD based on psychiatric interviews and a prospective investigation of three menstrual cycles. A total of 96 individuals without PMDD were recruited as controls. Their symptoms, namely insomnia, inattention, and fatigue as well as functional impairment were assessed by using the premenstrual symptoms screening tool, the Pittsburgh insomnia rating scale, the attention and performance self-assessment scale, and the fatigue-assessment scale during both premenstrual and follicular phases. Results: In both the premenstrual and follicular phases, women with PMDD experienced more severe insomnia, inattentiveness, and fatigue than did women in the control group. A paired t-test demonstrated that women with PMDD had more severe severity insomnia, inattentiveness, and fatigue in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase. A repeated-measures analysis of variance demonstrated that the interaction period of PMDD and a menstrual cycle was significantly associated with insomnia, inattentiveness, and fatigue. A further correlation analysis demonstrated that all three symptoms were positively associated with self-reported functional impairment due to PMDD. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that women with PMDD experienced an exacerbation of insomnia, memory problems, difficulty maintaining focus, and fatigue in the premenstrual phase. These symptoms are correlated with PMDD symptoms severity and functional impairment, and as such, they should be evaluated, and interventions should be employed in the late luteal phase of women with PMDD.

scholarly journals A Case Report of Extensively Drug Resistant Typhoid in Karachi, Pakistan: A Major Health Concern to Curb the Outbreak

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Sarah Kamran Akbani ◽  
Fazeela Bibi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
National Health Policies

The disease burden of extensively drug resistant typhoid in developing countries is a major emerging issue that cannot be ignored. Since its emergence from multidrug strains, the majority of typhoid cases in Karachi, Pakistan, have been extensively drug resistant, mostly infecting younger patients. In the study, the authors analysed one such case in an adolescent male and discussed how, by the implementation of national health policies, the spread of these infectious diseases could be prevented and the overall burden on the healthcare system decreased in areas with already limited resources.

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): A Perspective to Probe the Biological Background behind Treatment Efficacy in Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Calabrò ◽  
Chiara Fabbri ◽  
Siegfried Kasper ◽  
Joseph Zohar ◽  
Daniel Souery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
Drugbank Database ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and its frequent partial response to antidepressants are a major health concern and therefore an important focus of research. Despite the efforts, MDD pathogenesis and the mechanisms of antidepressant action are only partially understood. In the last few years, the need of rethinking the classification of depressive disorders and psychiatric disorders in general has been suggested, in order to provide a nosology that reflects more closely the biological background associated with disease pathogenesis and its role/significance in treatment. The classification proposed by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), namely the research domain criteria (RDoC), may represent a key framework to guide research in this direction. Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar databases in order to retrieve data regarding Antidepressants effects on specific RDoC constructs. Further, the targets of drugs of interest were identified through Drugbank database, and their possible function within RDoC constructs was discussed. Discussion: In this review we summarize and discuss the significance of the results of pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating specific RDoC paradigms relevant to depressive phenotypes and antidepressant effects.

scholarly journals Astroglial Connexin43 as a Potential Target for a Mood Stabiliser

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Motohiro Okada ◽  
Tomoka Oka ◽  
Misaki Nakamoto ◽  
Kouji Fukuyama ◽  
Takashi Shiroyama
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junction ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Monoamine Transporter ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Novel Strategy

Mood disorders remain a major public health concern worldwide. Monoaminergic hypotheses of pathophysiology of bipolar and major depressive disorders have led to the development of monoamine transporter-inhibiting antidepressants for the treatment of major depression and have contributed to the expanded indications of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of bipolar disorders. In spite of psychopharmacological progress, current pharmacotherapy according to the monoaminergic hypothesis alone is insufficient to improve or prevent mood disorders. Recent approval of esketamine for treatment of treatment-resistant depression has attracted attention in psychopharmacology as a glutamatergic hypothesis of the pathophysiology of mood disorders. On the other hand, in the last decade, accumulated findings regarding the pathomechanisms of mood disorders emphasised that functional abnormalities of tripartite synaptic transmission play important roles in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. At first glance, the enhancement of astroglial connexin seems to contribute to antidepressant and mood-stabilising effects, but in reality, antidepressive and mood-stabilising actions are mediated by more complicated interactions associated with the astroglial gap junction and hemichannel. Indeed, several depressive mood-inducing stress stimulations suppress connexin43 expression and astroglial gap junction function, but enhance astroglial hemichannel activity. On the other hand, monoamine transporter-inhibiting antidepressants suppress astroglial hemichannel activity and enhance astroglial gap junction function, whereas several non-antidepressant mood stabilisers activate astroglial hemichannel activity. Based on preclinical findings, in this review, we summarise the effects of antidepressants, mood-stabilising antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants on astroglial connexin, and then, to establish a novel strategy for treatment of mood disorders, we reveal the current progress in psychopharmacology, changing the question from “what has been revealed?” to “what should be clarified?”.

scholarly journals Environmental Detection and Potential Transmission of Equine Herpesviruses

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Anisha Dayaram ◽  
Peter A. Seeber ◽  
Alex D. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Viral Dynamics ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Environmental Detection ◽  
Environmental Transmission ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Equine Herpesviruses ◽  
Important Disease

Equine herpesviruses (EHV) are a major health concern for domestic and wild equids and represent one of the most economically important disease agents of horses. Most known EHVs are transmitted directly between individuals as a result of direct exposure to exudates and aerosols. However, accumulating evidence suggests that environmental transmission may play a role including air, water, and fomites. Here, we reviewed studies on environmental stability and transmission of EHVs, which may influence viral dynamics and the use of environmental samples for monitoring EHV shedding.

scholarly journals MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3026
Author(s):  
Hyuk Moon ◽  
Simon-Weonsang Ro
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Activating Mutations ◽  
Genetic Events

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health concern worldwide, and its incidence is increasing steadily. Recently, the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in HCC has gained renewed attention from basic and clinical researchers. The MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated in more than 50% of human HCC cases; however, activating mutations in RAS and RAF genes are rarely found in HCC, which are major genetic events leading to the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in other cancers. This suggests that there is an alternative mechanism behind the activation of the signaling pathway in HCC. Here, we will review recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the signaling pathway in the context of HCC.

Depressive Disorders: Update on Diagnosis, Etiology, and Treatment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle E. Bauer ◽  
Antonio L Teixeira ◽  
Marsal Sanches ◽  
Jair C. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Somatic Therapy ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

This review discusses the changes in the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), and recent findings exploring the etiology of and treatment strategies for these disorders. Depressive disorders are typically characterized by depression in the absence of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania. New developments in the DSM-5 include the recognition of new types of depressive disorders, such as disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, persistent depressive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and the addition of catatonic features as a specifier for persistent depressive disorder. These diagnostic changes have important implications for the prognosis and treatment of this condition. A thorough understanding of both the clinical phenotype and the biosignature of these conditions is essential to provide individualized, long-term, effective treatments to affected individuals.  This review contains 1 table and 52 references Key words: brain volumes, depressive disorders, DSM-5, hormones, inflammation, neuropeptides, somatic therapy, stress

Paclitaxel Promotes Cell Apoptosis in Uterine Leiomyomas

Pharmacology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiping Liu ◽  
Jianye Wang ◽  
Lianbing Sheng ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Ning Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Uterine Leiomyomas ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Gynecological Tumors ◽  
Dose Limiting Toxicity ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Apoptosis Level

Uterine leiomyomas are common clinical gynecological tumors, which are a major health concern for many women. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of paclitaxel (PTX) on uterine leiomyomas. A mouse model of uterine leiomyomas was established by estradiol benzoate, followed by treatment with increasing doses of PTX. PTX showed no dose-limiting toxicity that affected the survival of mice, and was able to restore the apoptosis level of uterus tissues of the model mice to normal levels. In this study, we discovered that PTX played a critical role in promoting apoptosis in the mouse model of uterine leiomyomas, which provides a new insight into the therapy of uterine leiomyomas.

Hostility, Impulsivity, and Behavior Inhibition Among Women with PMDD

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Yu Yen ◽  
Cheng-Chung Chen ◽  
Shun-Jen Chang ◽  
Chih-Hung Ko ◽  
Cheng-Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dysfunctional Impulsivity ◽  
Behavior Inhibition System ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Behavior Inhibition

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to compare hostility, impulsivity, and behavior inhibition between women with and without premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) during both luteal and follicular phases and to examine whether these variables contribute to irritability and daily functional impairment of PMDD.MethodsPMDD was screened via the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool. A diagnosis of PMDD was confirmed by psychiatric interviewing without 2-month prospective confirmation. Sixty women in the PMDD group and 60 women in the control group completed the Chinese Version of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory-Short Form, Dickman's Impulsivity Inventory, and the Behavior Inhibition System Scale during the luteal and follicular phases.ResultsWe found that the PMDD group had significantly higher levels of hostility, dysfunctional impulsivity, and behavioral inhibition than the control group in both luteal and follicular phases. The PMDD group also had more premenstrual aggravation on total hostility, hostility affect, and suppressive hostility than the control group. Higher hostility, dysfunctional impulsivity, and behavior inhibition were associated with more severe irritability and functional impairment of PMDD.DiscussionHostility, impulsivity, and behavior inhibition might contribute to irritability and functional impairment in women with PMDD.ConclusionAssessment and interventions based on these factors should be provided for women with PMDD, especially in the luteal phase.

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