The Social Gradient in Mental Health and Well-Being for Indigenous Older Adults Living in Rural Areas: A Cross-Sectional Comparison With Rural Non-indigenous Population in Chile

2020 ◽  
pp. 089826432097920
Author(s):  
Esteban Sánchez-Moreno ◽  
Lorena P. Gallardo-Peralta ◽  
Cristián Leyton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
Housing Deprivation

Objectives: To compare differences in depression, loneliness and personal well-being in a sample made up of indigenous (Aymara and Mapuche) and non-indigenous older people resident in original rural territories. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 800 older adults living in a rural context in Chile, of whom 201 were Aymara, 368 Mapuche and 231 non-indigenous. Validated instruments were included for depression, loneliness and personal well-being (outcome variables). Ordinary least squares regression analyses were performed. Results: Membership of an indigenous group was significantly associated with lower scores for depression and loneliness and higher scores for personal well-being. The interactions of severe deprivation and housing deprivation with indigenous group membership were significantly associated with lower loneliness scores and higher personal well-being scores for Aymara and Mapuche participants. Discussion: Native rural settings and territories may offer a degree of protection to indigenous peoples. Cultural continuity enhanced by rural areas would produce a culturally constructed resilience against deprivation.

scholarly journals Changes in Tobacco Use Patterns during COVID-19 and Their Correlates among Older Adults in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1779
Author(s):  
Sabuj Kanti Mistry ◽  
Armm Mehrab Ali ◽  
Md. Ashfikur Rahman ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Bhawna Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study explored the changes in tobacco use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and their correlates among older adults in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1032 older adults aged ≥60 years in Bangladesh through telephone interviews in October 2020. Participants’ characteristics and COVID-19-related information were gathered using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Participants were asked if they noted any change in their tobacco use patterns (smoking or smokeless tobacco) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic (6 months prior to the survey). Nearly half of the participants (45.6%) were current tobacco users, of whom 15.9% reported increased tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic and all others had no change in their tobacco use patterns. Tobacco use was significantly increased among the participants from rural areas, who had reduced communications during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic (OR = 2.76, 95%CI:1.51–5.03). Participants who were aged ≥70 years (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.77), widowed (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.13–1.00), had pre-existing, non-communicable, and/or chronic conditions (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25–0.78), and felt themselves at the highest risk of COVID-19 (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15–0.62), had significantly lower odds of increased tobacco use. Policy makers and practitioners need to focus on strengthening awareness and raising initiatives to avoid tobacco use during such a crisis period.

scholarly journals Physical Strength Perception of Older Caregivers in Rural Areas

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Muñoz-Bermejo ◽  
Villafaina ◽  
Collado-Mateo ◽  
Postigo-Mota ◽  
Adsuar
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Health Area ◽  
The People ◽  
Total Dependence ◽  
Older Caregivers

Background and objective: In an aging population, it is increasingly common for older adults to take care of other older adults. Caregiving tasks may be conditioned by the aging process. This study aims to analyze the perceived physical strength of older caregivers and its impact on the functional capacity to engage in caregiving activities. Methods: A discretionary sampling of caregivers (N = 107), ≥65 years old, in the rural health area of Badajoz (Spain) participated in this cross-sectional study. Measurements included questions about the caregiver’s role (experience, years, hours, difficulties, demands) and their perceived physical strength, ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL), need for help or difficulty for caring. Results: Older caregivers from rural areas perceived a lack of physical strength (71%). These caregivers need more help, have more difficulties, and show less ability to perform ADL. Furthermore, around 80% of the people who had a lack of strength were caring for people with severe or total dependence. There is a direct correlation between the perceived lack of physical strength and the ability to perform basic (r = 0.382, p < 0.01) and instrumental (r = 0.370, p < 0.01) activities. Conclusions: Therefore, the perception of strength and the characteristics of the cared for person may be crucial variables to successfully conduct caregiving tasks.

scholarly journals Correlates of above-average cognitive performance among older adults: the SABE study

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1977-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Salmazo da Silva ◽  
Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira Duarte ◽  
Fabíola Bof de Andrade ◽  
Ana Teresa de Abreu Ramos Cerqueira ◽  
Jair Lício Ferreira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sabe Study ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

This study aimed to identify factors associated with optimal global cognitive performance among older adults in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of community-dwelling older adults who participated in the SABE Study (Health, Well-Being and Ageing) in 2006. The dependent variable was cognitive performance, categorized as “normal” or “optimal”. The independent variables were socio-demographic data, lifestyle and health conditions. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, followed by multiple logistic regression (significance set at 5%). Optimal cognitive performance was found in 28.4% of the sample, representing 730,051 older adults. Optimal performance was associated with a younger age, a report of no difficulties regarding instrumental activities of daily living, non-abusive alcohol intake, self-rated income sufficient to meet one’s daily needs and contact with family and friends. Optimal cognitive performance among older adults is associated with conditions favoring participation and independence.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Fear of COVID-19 among the Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5537
Author(s):  
Siddarth Agrawal ◽  
Mateusz Dróżdż ◽  
Sebastian Makuch ◽  
Alicja Pietraszek ◽  
Małgorzata Sobieszczańska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

The prevailing COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected the mental health and well-being of individuals. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the perceived fear of COVID-19 among older adults in Poland and identify subpopulations with the highest risk of potential mental health disorders. The study was conducted in November–December 2020 on 500 people aged ≥60 years (mean M = 67.9, standard deviation SD = 4.2). In order to collect information on participants’ characteristics and COVID-19-related information, they were asked to complete a questionnaire based on recorded telephone calls. Perceived fear of COVID-19 was measured using our generated and validated seven-item tool: “Scale of fear of COVID-19 infection”, which ranged from 7 to 35. Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with the perceived fear of COVID-19. Our results showed that the highest level of fear of COVID-19 infection was observed among women (p = 0.025) and patients taking anticoagulants (p = 0.004). Moreover, older adults with higher anxiety levels were more likely to be fearful of COVID-19 (according to the GAS-10 scale; p < 0.001). These findings may help policy makers and healthcare workers to adapt and implement better mental health strategies to help the elderly fight fear and anxiety during the prevailing pandemic.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Frequent/Urgent Urination in Older Adults in China: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Dan Wang ◽  
Yehua Song ◽  
Ruiqiang Peng ◽  
Ting Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Age Related

Background: Frequent/urgent urination is an event of multifactorial origin where involuntary leakage of urine occurs. Epidemiological study of this condition is of high importance due to its negative impact on the psychological, physical, and social well-being of the victims.Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of frequent/urgent urination in older adults in China.Method: In this study, a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted between April 2019 and August 2019 among 4,796 older adult populations in the communities of Tianjin jizhou and Xiamen jimei of China. Descriptive analysis, univariate regression, and all statistics were conducted in IBM SPSS v22. The count data were analyzed by chi-square test. P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In the total investigated population, the prevalence of frequent or urgent urination was found in 1,164 patients (24.3%) where 31.7% (664/2,097) were male patients and 18.7% (500/2,699) were female patients, having a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. The prevalence was higher in the 70- to 84-year-old group (men: 33.3–34.8%, women 19.5–20.8%), whereas it was relatively low in the 65- to 69-year-old group and in older adults over 85 years of age (men 28.8, 30.3%, women 16.7, 18.5%, respectively). In terms of the course of the disease, among the population aged 65 years and above, 17.3% men and 9.9% women had frequent urination/urgency lasting for 1–4 years; 5–9 years in about 4.5% population (7.4% men and 4.2% women); 10–19 years in 4.9% men and 2.3% women; and more than 20 years duration in 1.6% men and 1.9% women. On the severity scale, mild frequent/urgent urination was observed in 24.6% of men and 15.4% women of Chinese older adults. Moderate cases were observed in 6.3% of men and 2.9% of women, whereas severe cases were found in 0.8% men and 0.2% women. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)/hypertrophy was the main risk factor for frequent/urgent urination in Chinese older adult men (P &lt; 0.001). Obesity, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, anxiety, depression, constipation, and brain injury were the other risk factors for frequent/urgent urination in Chinese older adult men and women. The results of this survey showed that smoking or drinking habits did not increase the prevalence of frequent/urgent urination in Chinese older adults.Conclusions: According to the results of this survey, the prevalence rate of frequent/urgent urination is high, and the course of the disease is long in Chinese older adults. BPH and depression, anxiety, and age-related chronic diseases increase the risk of frequent/urgent urination in Chinese older adults.

scholarly journals (Un)Healthy Lifestyles, Environment, Well-being and Health Capability in Rural Neighbourhoods: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anabela Marisa Azul ◽  
Ricardo Almendra ◽  
Marta Quatorze ◽  
Adriana Loureiro ◽  
Flávio Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Loss ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of health loss worldwide, in part due to unhealthy lifestyles. Metabolic-based diseases are rising with an unhealthy body-mass index (BMI) in rural areas as the main risk factor in adults. Health loss risks in rural areas may be amplified by wider determinants such as socio-demography and surrounding environments. We assessed weather (un)healthy lifestyles and environment in rural neighbourhoods are reflected into metabolic risks and health capability, and how community circumstances may impact the self-ability for making balanced decisions.Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in fifteen Portuguese rural neighbourhoods (with high ageing index and high illiteracy) to describe individuals’ health functioning condition and to characterize the community environment. We followed a qualitatively driven mixed-method design, using a healthy lifestyle assessment toolkit, to gather evidence-based data and lifestyles (incorporated in eVida technology), within a random sample of 270 individuals; and 107 in-depth interviews to determine whether environment influence the capability for improving or pursuing heath and well-being.Results: Men showed to have a 75% higher probability of being overweight than women (p-value=0.0954); and the reporting of health loss risks was higher in women (RR: 1.48; p-value=0.122), individuals with larger waist circumference (RR: 2.21; IC: 1.19; 4.27), overweight and obesity (RR: 1.38; p-value=0.293) and participants aged over 75 years (RR: 1.78; p-value= 0.235; when compared with participants under 40 years old). Metabolic risks were more associated to BMI and physical activity than diet (or sleeping habits); participants strongly evidenced the adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. From the interviews, we identified seven environmental circumstances reflecting health needs, health expectations and health capability: economic development, built environment, social network, health care, demography, active lifestyles, and mobility. And, while the starting point of the interview addressed community needs, participants expressed the value of natural environment in their neighbourhood as the main positive effect to pursuing health and well-being, with particular emphasis to lower exposure to air / noise pollution, daily routines linked to nature or land use, and diversity of nature experiences.Conclusions: Our qualitatively driven mixed-method design, involving the community, uncovers environment contextual-dependent circumstances influencing the ability of individuals to pursue healthy habits. The active participation of local representatives, with its degrees of negotiation and flexibility, contributed to adapt the health-related messages. The co-benefits from this co-designing community program advance the evidence to support academy-community driven interventions for pushing health and well-being at a broader social, health care and (natural) environment agenda in rural neighbourhoods.

scholarly journals VA Video Connect for Clinical Care in Older Adults in a Rural State During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana P Padala ◽  
Kerrie B Wilson ◽  
C Heath Gauss ◽  
Jessica D Stovall ◽  
Prasad R Padala
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need for telehealth at home. Although the Department of Veterans Affairs is a leading provider of telehealth, disparities may exist in reaching older veterans living in rural areas. VA Video Connect (VVC) is a video conferencing app that enables veterans to connect with their health care provider via a secure and private session. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the capability and willingness of older veterans to participate in a VVC visit during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on older veterans (N=118) at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System. Participants were interviewed over the phone and responses to the following items were recorded: availability of internet, email, and an electronic device with a camera; veterans’ willingness to complete an appointment via a VVC visit; and availability of assistance from a caregiver for those who were unable to participate in a VVC visit alone. RESULTS Participants’ mean age was 72.6 (SD 8.3) years, 92% (n=108) were male, 69% (n=81) were Caucasian, 30% (n=35) were African Americans, and 36% (n=42) lived in a rural location. The majority reported having access to the internet (n=93, 77%) and email service (n=83, 70%), but only 56% (n=67) had a camera-equipped device. Overall, 53% (n=63) were willing and capable of participating in a VVC visit. The availability of internet access was significantly lower in rural compared to nonrural participants (<i>P</i>=.045) and in those with or less than a high school education compared to those who pursued higher education (<i>P</i>=.02). Willingness to participate in the VVC visit was significantly lower in rural compared to nonrural participants (<i>P</i>=.03). Of the participants who reported they were able and willing to partake in a VVC visit (n=54), 65% (n=35) opted for VVC and 35% (n=19) preferred a phone visit. In total, 77% (n=27) of the scheduled VVC visits were successful. CONCLUSIONS Despite advances in technology, and willingness on the part of health care systems, there are some lingering issues with capability and willingness to participate in video telehealth visits, particularly among older adults residing in rural areas.

scholarly journals Elder Mistreatment and Psychological Well-Being among Older Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7525
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Berkowsky
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Elder Mistreatment ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Older Americans

Elder mistreatment is a major public health issue both in the US and around the globe. While extensive research has elucidated the association between elder mistreatment and health in older adults, little is known about the relationship between elder mistreatment and more eudaimonic measures of psychological well-being. Using data from the 2011 wave of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, this project examined the association between older adults’ experience with varied forms of elder mistreatment and eudaimonic dimensions of psychological well-being including autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. Ordinary least squares regression analyses found significant associations between experiences of elder mistreatment and psychological well-being. In particular, older adults who reported feeling that someone was too controlling over their daily lives and older adults who reported making donations to organizations they later worried were not legitimate reported significantly lower scores on all six psychological well-being dimensions. The results of this study suggest the negative effects of elder mistreatment can extend to more eudaimonic feelings of well-being, and programs designed to treat victims of elder mistreatment should incorporate strategies that help strengthen psychological well-being.

scholarly journals THE BURDEN OF ENGAGING IN VOLUNTEER ATTENUATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOLUNTEER ENGAGEMENT AND HEALTH OUTCOMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S145-S146
Author(s):  
Yuta Nemoto ◽  
Ryota Sakurai ◽  
Masami Hasebe ◽  
Kumiko Nonaka ◽  
Hiroko Mtsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Volunteer Activity ◽  
Volunteer Engagement

Abstract This study examined the interaction of participating in volunteer activity and its burden on health outcomes. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. Of 8426 older adults aged 65 and over, 5232 individuals were included in the analyses (response rate: 62.1%). Health outcomes included self-rated health (SRH), mental health (The World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index: WHO-5), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence: TMIG-IC) as dependent variables. Independent variables included engagement in volunteer activity and its burden. These variables were combined and classified into three groups: non-participants; participants with burden; and participants without burden. Covariates included age, gender, educational attainments, economic status, and living arrangement. Logistic regression analysis and analysis of covariates were conducted to examine the interaction of volunteer activity and its burden on health outcomes. Of 5232 older adults, 76.3% of subjects were non-participants, 3.4% were participants with burden, and 20.3% were participants without burden. Multivariate analysis showed that non-participants were more likely to have poor health outcomes compared with participants with burden. Moreover, participants without burden were more likely to have better health outcomes (SRH: Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.92, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.70 to 2.17, WHO-5: OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.51 to 1.88, TMIG-IC: Coefficient = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.62). Our findings suggest that volunteer activity is related to better health regardless of their burden. However, burden of volunteer engagement might attenuate the relationships between volunteer activity and health outcomes.

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