Electoral competition in the presence of identity politics

2021 ◽  
pp. 095162982098484
Author(s):  
Leyla D. Karakas ◽  
Devashish Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Cultural Divide ◽  
Distributional Consequences ◽  
Governing Institutions

This paper studies the effects of cultural identity on electoral and policy outcomes when voters are “behavioral.” Building on the evidence that voters assess political or economic events through the lens of their partisan identifications, we analyze an election between two office-motivated candidates in which voters over-reward or under-punish the candidate that shares their cultural identity. Focusing on issues with cultural as well as distributional implications for voters such as immigration and the cultural divide based on nativism as the source of identity politics, we find that the candidates’ equilibrium policies are always preferred by the electorally dominant cultural group to the policy that would be optimal if policies only had distributional consequences. We also show that candidates do not necessarily target their own cultural bases in equilibrium. Furthermore, stronger identity politics increases policy polarization. Our findings contribute to the debates on the decoupling of voting behavior from economic interests, and the rise of immigration, trade protectionism, or engagement with global governing institutions as electoral issues that can shift historical voting patterns.

Identity, Beliefs, and Political Conflict

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampaolo Bonomi ◽  
Nicola Gennaioli ◽  
Guido Tabellini
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Cultural Conflict ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Policy Conflict ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Social Divide

Abstract We present a theory of identity politics that builds on two ideas. First, when policy conflict renders a certain social divide—economic or cultural—salient, a voter identifies with her economic or cultural group. Second, the voter slants her beliefs toward the stereotype of the group she identifies with. We obtain three implications. First, voters’ beliefs are polarized along the distinctive features of salient groups. Second, if the salience of cultural policies increases, cultural conflict rises, redistributive conflict falls, and polarization becomes more correlated across issues. Third, economic shocks hurting conservative voters may trigger a switch to cultural identity, causing these voters to demand less redistribution. We discuss U.S. survey evidence in light of these implications.

Tiki Taane’s With Strings Attached: Alive & Orchestrated and postcolonial identity politics in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oli Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Performance Practice ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Performance Group ◽  
Representational Practices ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
Television Documentary

This chapter explores how the New Zealand popular music artist Tiki Taane subverts dominant representational practices concerning New Zealand cultural identity by juxtaposing musical ensembles, one a ‘colonial’ orchestra, the other a distinctively Māori (indigenous New Zealand) kapa haka performance group, in his With Strings Attached: Alive & Orchestrated album and television documentary, released in 2014. Through this collaboration, Tiki reframes the colonial experience as an amalgam of reappropriated cultural signifiers that enraptures those that identify with colonization and colonizing experiences, and in doing so, expresses a form of authorial agency. The context of Tiki’s subversive approach is contextualized by examining postcolonial representational practices surrounding Māori culture and orchestral hybrids in the western art music tradition, and through a discussion about the ways the performance practice called kapa haka is represented through existing scholarly studies of Māori music.

scholarly journals Elections and local government performance in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (83) ◽  
pp. 580-599
Author(s):  
Pedro Luiz Costa Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
National Analysis

Abstract The 1988 federal Constitution introduced a complex and innovative institutional arrangement that not only reestablished political rights and democratic procedures, but also reinforced decentralization as a fundamental guideline for policy implementation in Brazil. As a result, municipalities have become pivotal actors in the policymaking process. Scholars of Latin American politics have given much emphasis to the causes and determinants of decentralization, but not much has been done toward a more general understanding of how this increased decentralization has affected policymaker behavior and policy outcomes. This paper aims to do exactly that. Specifically, it investigates how institutional arrangements and electoral competition affect local government performance. The theoretical basis is the electoral democratic theory that broadly highlights elections as instruments of citizen control in retrospective and prospective voting approaches. The research employs a large-N cross sub-national analysis based on a dataset of electoral, partisan, socioeconomic and public financial information collected from over 5500 municipalities. Local governments’ performance, our dependent variables, are synthetic indicators formulated from 2009 nationwide surveys on public education, health, housing and welfare services. The OLS regression results confirm the hypothesis that politics variables do matter in how politicians make decisions and implement policy under the new Brazilian democratic Era. The empirical evidences suggest that electoral competition does not present a direct effect on government performance, however, ideology and citizen participation do. Therefore, this paper helps to expand our understanding of a political system’s impact on public policy outputs, which is extremely important not only for academic purpose but also to support policymakers’ decisions.

Emergence of Faith and Politics at the State Level

2017 ◽  
pp. 26-61
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Cultural Divide ◽  
Legislative Decision

This chapter describes the ideological forms and beliefs that are considered either evangelical or liberal. The differences between these two types of faith worldviews influence legislative decision making and inform culture. To the extent that gay issues represent a cultural divide between religious traditionalism and progressivism policy outcomes are impacted by these differences.

Explaining Vote Switching Across First- and Second-Order Elections

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliff Carrubba ◽  
Richard J. Timpone
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
European Context ◽  
European Parliament Elections ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Western Democracies

Across Western democracies, individuals frequently vote for different parties in different elections. A variety of explanations have been proposed for this behavior. In the European context, scholars have focused on the idea that individuals may vote for different parties because some elections are less important than others (i.e., are “second-order” elections). In the U.S. context, scholars have focused on the possibility that individuals might vote for different parties because they care about how the two chambers will affect policy outcomes. In this article, the authors test among four alternative motivations for vote switching, two predicated on the notion that individuals treat one of the elections as second-order and two predicated on the notion that individuals care about policy outcomes from both chambers. The tests are performed by analyzing Euro-barometer survey data on individual voting behavior in European national and European Parliament elections. The authors find support for all four motivations.

scholarly journals Politik Identitas dalam Sejarah Pembentukan Negara Israel

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Elpeni Fitrah
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
The World

This paper discusses how the political identity becomes a motive of Israel state formation. Identitypolitics is a part of cultural politics which consisted by race, religion, ethnic and culture. TheAuthor identified identity politics as a concept or political movement which focusing into diversity.The main argument of this paper is Israel has succeed utilize its cultural identity narrative to unitethe perception of the Jewish around the world to reproduce as a historical justification as well asthe tools of politics for the sake of the embodiment of national ideals in establishing their ownnation state. Keywords: Identity Politics, Narrative, Perception, Israel

scholarly journals Attribution Des Noms Et Pratiques En Santé Materno-Infantile : Approche Socio-Anthropologique Des Enfants Sacrés En Pays Abouré Et Baoulé De Cote d’Ivoire

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Sylvie N’Goran ◽  
Maxime Oga
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pratiques En Santé

The birth of a child is considered as a joyous event and comes along with celebrations and festivities according to the tradition of each cultural group. The name given to the new-born may be that of a living grandparent, one of the parents, or a friend of the child’s father. However, the name given may also be related to the birth order. The birth of a child, who is a fragile and vulnerable being, gives rise to indispensable rituals that takes into account its rank. These rituals are not only for its survival and development, but also for its socialization and the transformation of its identity. Tradition also involves cultural identity through name assigning in order to protect the child from all kinds of diseases. Moreover, traditional practices regarding the issue of child health serves as forms of protection, humanization, and integration of the child into the society. What about the Aboure and N’Zipkly people? From a comprehensive perspective on the specificity of the names given from birth, this study aims to grasp the plausible influences on child health based on the relationships between the child and his name as perceived by the Abouré and N’Zipkly people. To achieve this, we asked ourselves the following questions: Why does a name has a significant influence on the health of the newborn? What is the relationship between child health and name? What are the socio-cultural practices of sacred children? Furthermore, there were various questions that led to data collection by observing activities and practices related to sacred children. The data collection was done using interview guides for mothers with children aged 0 to 5 years, grandparents, and traditional therapists.

scholarly journals Representations of suppressed indigenous cultural memories: the communities of Sami of Finland and Kurdish of Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Adél Furu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Songs ◽  
State Interventions

In my paper I intend to examine how the historical marginalization of Sami and Kurdish history and culture affects the cultural identity of these ethnic groups. I discuss how recent political discourses and state interventions have influenced the images of the past and identity politics in the Sami communities living in Finland and in the Kurdish society living in Turkey. Furthermore, I describe how these assimilated minorities have alienated from their own identity due to a damage of their collective memory caused by devastating historical events. The paper also focuses on the ways these two minorities give meaning to the past and strengthen their cultural identities through different forms of art. Both Samis and Kurds express their identities in several creative ways. Their historical realities, individual histories, memories of assimilation and common values are reflected in joiks, folk music and cinema. These are strong ways of remembering and expressions of identity in both cultures. Traditional songs, films, documentaries reveal histories, reproduce cultures and shape the memories of both Sami and Kurdish people. Therefore, I will discuss how the patterns of their cultural memory have an impact on the representation of their identities in the above art forms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document