Fabrication of hydrophobic surfaces on Titanium using Micro-EDM exhibiting antibacterial properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542110609
Author(s):  
Arjita Das ◽  
Shikha Ambastha ◽  
Nivedita Priyadarshni ◽  
Sudip Samanta ◽  
Nagahanumaiah
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Patterned Surfaces ◽  
Micro Edm ◽  
Patterned Surface ◽  
Micro Patterning ◽  
Cp Ti

Microbial contamination on medical assistive devices has been the major challenge for biomedical industries. The present work is focused on producing patterned surfaces on commercially pure Titanium (cp-Ti) using Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining (Micro-EDM) technique, and the feasibility of patterned surface in restricting bacterial growth. Geometrical patterning in form of micro-holes have been produced on cp-Ti biomaterials with Micro-EDM in two forms, one with 20 µm inter-distance forming a dense pattern and the other with 60 µm inter-distance forming a sparse pattern. The patterned surface establishes the degree of hydrophobicity as 130° and 106° for densely patterned and sparsely patterned surfaces respectively. Further, the effect of bacterial adhesion over the textured cp-Ti surfaces are challenged with model bacteria gram negative Escherichia coli (e.coli) in Luria broth (LB) agar media. The Colony Forming Unit (CFU) count obtained for densely patterned surface compared with that of non-patterned surface reflects 90% reduced bacterial growth. The instances of pattern formation and bacterial growth have been observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy. The enhanced material properties with micro-patterning that combat microbial activities on the biomaterial surface proves its efficacy in adoption for biomedical applications, with significant reduction in bacterial contamination on medical devices or implants, leading toward reduced healthcare risks and issues related to bacterial infections on the biomaterials.

scholarly journals Feasibility Analysis of Novel Maglev EDM by Comparing with Conventional Micro EDM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangal Singh Sisodiya ◽  
Shashank Shukla ◽  
Vivek Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Micro Edm ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Servo Mechanism ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Cp Ti

Abstract The Micro EDM is the most suitable machining process in the miniaturization of products at present era. The attainment of close precision is the primary obligation in miniaturization or micromachining. Especially in machining of hard-to-cut materials like titanium alloy. Such alloys are applied in several cutting-edge high-quit applications due to extraordinary properties. Current work presents an exploratory analysis of novel Maglev EDM while machining of commercially used pure titanium alloy (CP-TI). The work outlook is to establish the viability of novel Maglev EDM by comparing the with similar range of micro EDM. The pure DC power is employed with the conjunction of Maglev lucidity to refine the shortcomings of the conventional micro EDM. The novel technology deals with prime concerns of conventional micro EDM and cracked deficiencies like delay response of mechanical actuator and a servo mechanism. The Novel technology uses the logical arrangement of permanent and electromagnet to dealt with inadequacies like short-circuiting and arcing. The results of state of art novel technology proclaimed the improved Material removal rate (MRR), which are lying in the average range of 76.6 µgm/min, whereas the specific energy and surface roughness are observed 33.4 Joule/ microgram and 4.3 µm respectively.

Garlic Extract (Allium sativum L.) Effectively Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Invitro Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Agnina Listya Anggraini ◽  
Ratih Dewi Dwiyanti ◽  
Anny Thuraidah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Initial Stage

Infection is a disease caused by the presence of pathogenic microbes, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has chemical contents such as allicin, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids, which can function as an antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This study aims to determine the antibacterial properties of garlic extract powder against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This research is the initial stage of the development of herbal medicines to treat Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infections. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by the liquid dilution method. The concentrations used were 30 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 60 mg/mL and 70 mg/mL. The results showed that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was 40 mg/mL and 50 mg / mL. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) results for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are 50 mg/mL and 70 mg/mL. Based on the Simple Linear Regression test, the R2 value of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is 0.545 and 0.785, so it can be concluded that there is an effect of garlic extract powder on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by 54.5% and 78.5%. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract powder has potential as herbal medicine against bacterial infections but requires further research to determine its effect in vivo.

Fluoroquinolone-3-carboxamide Amino Acid Conjugates: Synthesis, Antibacterial Properties And Molecular Modeling Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Riham M. Bokhtia ◽  
Siva S. Panda ◽  
Adel S. Girgis ◽  
Hitesh H. Honkanadavar ◽  
Tarek S. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Protecting Group ◽  
Amino Acid Conjugates ◽  
Molecular Modeling Studies

Background: Bacterial infections are considered as one of the major global health threats, so it is very essential to design and develop new antibacterial agents to overcome the drawbacks of existing antibacterial agents. Method: The aim of this work is to synthesize a series of new fluoroquinolone-3-carboxamide amino acid conjugates by molecular hybridization. We utilized benzotriazole chemistry to synthesize the desired hybrid conjugates. Result: All the conjugates were synthesized in good yields, characterized, evaluated for their antibacterial activity. The compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity using methods adapted from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Synthesized conjugates were tested for activity against medically relevant pathogens; Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27856) Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433). Conclusion: The observed antibacterial experimental data indicates the selectivity of our synthesized conjugates against E.Coli. The protecting group on amino acids decreases the antibacterial activity. The synthesized conjugates are non-toxic to the normal cell lines. The experimental data were supported by computational studies.

Exhibition of novel photocatalytic activity and photoluminescence properties with high inhibition towards bacterial growth by hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihar Ranjan Panda ◽  
Dojalisa Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
High Inhibition

Background: Metal oxide nanomaterial such as; ZnO shows novel structural, optical, electrical and antibacterial properties due to wide band gap (3.37 eV) and high excitonic binding energy (60 meV). Probing these inherent properties of nanosized ZnO with different morphology has generated new interest among researchers Objective: To investigate the size dependent functional attributes, ZnO nanorods were prepared by hydrothermal method and the photocatalytic (PC) efficiency was studied. The photoluminescence (PL) property of ZnO nanorods was also studied by recording the emission spectrum under photo-excitation. These nanorods (NRs) were coated on cotton fabric to study the effectiveness of these NRs in defending and inhibiting the growth of different bacteria Methods: The crystallographic structure and morphology of the ZnO samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) measurements. PL measurement at room temperature was undertaken by exciting the sample with light of wavelength 350 nm. The PC property of ZnO NRs was studied in degrading organic dyes like methylene blue. Bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were cultured and the inhibition of growth of these bacteria was studied by the application of ZnO. To enhance the microbe defence mechanism of fabric, we coated these NRs on fabric test samples and investigated the bacterial growth on it. Results: XRD and FESEM studies reveal the dimension of the synthesized products in nano range. These nanorods are of high density and surface roughness as per the FESEM study. PL measurement shows the presence of strong UV emission at 382 nm with defect emissions in the blue-green region opening up the path for ZnO to be used in fabrication of optoelectronic devices. PC study reveals that 89% degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye is achievable in 180 min using these ZnO catalysts. The anti-bacterial study shows that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO nanorods coated on the fabric against S. aureus is found to be 3.5 mg/ml which is the minimum as compared to E. coli (7.5 mg/ml) and B. subtilis (5.5 mg/ml). The study further enunciates that fabric coated with ZnO samples exhibited considerably high inhibition activity toward S. aureus. Conclusion: The study shows that ZnO NRs can be effectively used for fabrication of UV-LASER/LED. Photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO will be useful for degradation of organic dyes controlling environment pollution. It further enunciates that fabric coated with ZnO samples exhibited considerably high inhibition activity toward S. aureus (skin bacteria) which will be helpful in defending microbes if used in surgical cotton bandages

Recent Patents on Micro-EDM Milling

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229
Author(s):  
Baocheng Xie ◽  
Jianguo Liu ◽  
Yongqiu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Electrode Wear ◽  
Micro Edm ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Machining Quality ◽  
Micro Electrical Discharge Machining

Background: Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) milling is widely used in the processing of complex cavities and micro-three-dimensional structures, which is a more effective processing method for micro-precision parts. Thus, more attention has been paid on the micro-EDM milling. Objective : To meet the increasing requirement of machining quality and machining efficiency of micro- EDM milling, the processing devices and processing methods of micro-EDM milling are being improved continuously. Methods: This paper reviews various current representative patents related to the processing devices and processing methods of micro-EDM milling. Results: Through summarizing a large number of patents about processing devices and processing methods of micro-EDM milling, the main problems of current development, such as the strategy of electrode wear compensation and the development trends of processing devices and processing methods of micro-EDM milling are discussed. Conclusion: The optimization of processing devices and processing methods of micro-EDM milling are conducive to solving the problems of processing efficiency and quality. More relevant patents will be invented in the future.

scholarly journals Au–ZnO Conjugated Black Phosphorus as a Near-Infrared Light-Triggering and Recurrence-Suppressing Nanoantibiotic Platform against Staphylococcus aureus

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Atanu Naskar ◽  
Sohee Lee ◽  
Kwang-sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Near Infrared Light

Antibiotic therapy is the gold standard for bacterial infections treatment. However, the rapid increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections and its recent use for secondary bacterial infections in many COVID-19 patients has considerably weakened its treatment efficacy. These shortcomings motivated researchers to develop new antibacterial materials, such as nanoparticle-based antibacterial platform with the ability to increase the chances of killing MDR strains and prevent their drug resistance. Herein, we report a new black phosphorus (BP)-based non-damaging near-infrared light-responsive platform conjugated with ZnO and Au nanoparticles as a synergistic antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus species. First, BP nanosheets containing Au nanoparticles were assembled in situ with the ZnO nanoparticles prepared by a low-temperature solution synthesis method. Subsequently, the antibacterial activities of the resulting Au–ZnO–BP nanocomposite against the non-resistant, methicillin-resistant, and erythromycin-resistant S. aureus species were determined, after its photothermal efficacy was assessed. The synthesized nanocomposite exhibited excellent anti-S. aureus activity and good photothermal characteristics. The non-resistant S. aureus species did not produce drug-resistant bacteria after the treatment of multiple consecutive passages under the pressure of the proposed nanoantibiotic, but rapidly developed resistance to erythromycin. This work clearly demonstrates the excellent photothermal antibacterial properties of Au–ZnO–BP nanocomposite against the MDR S. aureus species.

scholarly journals Interaction of Temporin-L Analogues with the E. coli FtsZ Protein

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Angela Di Somma ◽  
Carolina Canè ◽  
Antonio Moretta ◽  
Angela Duilio
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cell Division ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Division Process ◽  
Z Ring ◽  
Peptide Complexes

The research of new therapeutic agents to fight bacterial infections has recently focused on the investigation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), the most common weapon that all organisms produce to prevent invasion by external pathogens. Among AMPs, the amphibian Temporins constitute a well-known family with high antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In particular, Temporin-L was shown to affect bacterial cell division by inhibiting FtsZ, a tubulin-like protein involved in the crucial step of Z-ring formation at the beginning of the division process. As FtsZ represents a leading target for new antibacterial compounds, in this paper we investigated in detail the interaction of Temporin L with Escherichia coli FtsZ and designed two TL analogues in an attempt to increase peptide-protein interactions and to better understand the structural determinants leading to FtsZ inhibition. The results demonstrated that the TL analogues improved their binding to FtsZ, originating stable protein-peptide complexes. Functional studies showed that both peptides were endowed with a high capability of inhibiting both the enzymatic and polymerization activities of the protein. Moreover, the TL analogues were able to inhibit bacterial growth at low micromolar concentrations. These observations may open up the way to the development of novel peptide or peptidomimetic drugs tailored to bind FtsZ, hampering a crucial process of bacterial life that might be proposed for future pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals Comparison of Biocompatible Coatings Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation on cp-Ti and Ti-Zr-Nb Superelastic Alloy

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Ruzil Farrakhov ◽  
Olga Melnichuk ◽  
Evgeny Parfenov ◽  
Veta Mukaeva ◽  
Arseniy Raab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
Cp Ti ◽  
Peo Coatings

The paper compares the coatings produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on commercially pure titanium and a novel superelastic alloy Ti-18Zr-15Nb (at. %) for implant applications. The PEO coatings were produced on both alloys in the identical pulsed bipolar regime. The properties of the coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The PEO process kinetics was modeled based on the Avrami theorem and Cottrell equation using a relaxation method. The resultant coatings contain TiO2, for both alloys, and NbO2, Nb2O5, ZrO2 for Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy. The coating on the Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy has a higher thickness, porosity, and roughness compared to that on cp-Ti. The values of the kinetic coefficients of the PEO process—higher diffusion coefficient and lower time constant for the processing of Ti-18Zr-15Nb—explain this effect. According to the electrochemical studies, PEO coatings on Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy provide better corrosion protection. Higher corrosion resistance, porosity, and roughness contribute to better biocompatibility of the PEO coating on Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy compared to cp-Ti.

scholarly journals Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Antibacterial Melt-Spun Polyurethane Fiber Loaded with Berberine Hydrochloride

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2336
Author(s):  
Ruifang Zhao ◽  
Pengfei Tan ◽  
Yanting Han ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Yidong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Coating Technology ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Berberine Hydrochloride ◽  
Comprehensive Properties ◽  
Melt Spun ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Application Prospects

(1) Background: Bacterial infections have long threatened global public safety; hence, it is significant to continuously develop antibacterial fibers that are closely related to people’s daily lives. Berberine hydrochloride is a natural antibacterial agent that has application prospects in the preparation of antibacterial fibers. (2) Methods: This study firstly verified the antibacterial properties of berberine hydrochloride and its possible antibacterial mechanism. Thereafter, berberine hydrochloride was introduced into the self-made melt-spun polyurethane fiber through optimized coating technology. The performance of coating modified polyurethane fiber has been systematically evaluated, including its antibacterial properties, mechanical properties, and surface wettability. (3) Results: Results show that the antibacterial polyurethane fiber with desirable comprehensive properties is expected to be used in the biomedical fields. (4) Conclusions: The research also provides a reference for the development and application of other natural antibacterial ingredients in fiber fields.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of CeO2 Nanoparticles Using Egg White and Their Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties on Clinical Isolates

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Shalendra Kumar ◽  
Faheem Ahmed ◽  
Nagih M. Shaalan ◽  
Osama Saber
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Ceo2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Tem Analysis

Bio-inspired synthesis is a novel and attractive environmentally friendly route to generating inorganic materials. In this work, the preparation of CeO2 NPs using egg white and investigation of their antibacterial properties both in liquid and solid growth medium against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were reported. The CeO2 nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM), UV-Vis, Raman, and antibacterial measurements. The results from XRD and TEM analysis showed that the prepared nanoparticles were a single phase in the nano regime (5–7 nm) with spherical shape and uniform size distribution. Optical properties reflected the characteristics peaks of CeO2 in the UV-Vis range with a bandgap ~2.80 eV. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized NPs was achieved under ambient conditions with different bacteria and the results showed that the properties were different for both the bacteria. The highest activity with an inhibition zone of about 22 mm against S. aureus was obtained as compared with the 19 mm zone of inhibition obtained with E.coli. This finding will be of major significance that indicates a possibility to develop CeO2 NPs as antibacterial agents against extensive microorganisms to control and prevent the spread and persistence of bacterial infections.

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