Variable transmission ratio strategy for improving brake feeling based on driver’s target braking strength

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440702095988
Author(s):  
Shuaipeng Shi ◽  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
Guoping Chen ◽  
Leiyan Yu ◽  
Wanzhong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Variable Power ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Relationship

Due to the absence of vacuum sources for electric vehicle, the vacuum booster is replaced by electronic brake boosting (EBB) system. In order to improve the driver’s brake feeling based on EBB, this work fully exploits the flexible and variable power-assisted characteristics, and designs different transmission ratios according to the driver’s target braking strength. To identify the driver’s braking strength, an improved radial basis function (IRBF) neural network, combining self-organization method and supervised learning method, is proposed to establish the relationship between the driver’s braking strength and the characteristic parameters. Based on this, the variable transmission ratio strategy is designed, and its main optimized parameters are optimized by means of multi-objective optimization algorithm to provide the driver with a satisfactory brake feeling. The strategies under fixed and variable transmission ratios are simulated and analyzed in low-speed with gentle-brake and high-speed with emergency-brake. The simulation results show that, compared with the fixed transmission ratio, the proposed variable transmission ratio shows excellent performances in both brake feeling and brake safety.

Multidispersion Soot Interference Mechanism on SO2 Concentration Using NDIR

2013 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Zhao ◽  
Shou Guang Cheng ◽  
Bin Qu
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interference Mechanism

NDIR is one of SO2 concentration measurement methods. SO2 concentration can be figured out through measuring the infrared light intensity changing. The light intensity can be attenuated by the particles, so the SO2 concentration is increased. To solve the particles interference, the multidispersion particles interference mechanism is established. Particles characteristic parameters which interferes the SO2 concentration include the dissipativity, concentration, average size and size distribution parameters. Simulation results give the relationship between the SO2 concentration and particles characteristic parameters. The method to reduce the interference of the SO2 concentration is brought out and the measurement accuracy can be improved.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Inertia Equilibrium in Ultra High Speed Stamping Machine

2011 ◽  
Vol 101-102 ◽  
pp. 306-310
Author(s):  
Jian Yu Bai ◽  
Sen Lin Tong ◽  
Di Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Ultra High Speed ◽  
Machine Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results

With the development of manufacturing industry, the stroke speed of stamping machine is higher and higher. In accordance with the development, researchers and engineers have paid more and more attention to developing various types of ultra high speed stamping machines. The key to develop ultra high speed stamping machine is to solve the problem of inertia equilibrium. This paper presents an optimization approach for multi-objective inertia equilibrium design for ultra high speed stamping machine. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Synthesis of N-Lobed Involute Modified Noncircular Bevel Gears

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan Shi ◽  
Jiqiang Xia ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Chunming Geng ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Pure Rolling ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Pitch Curve ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Noncircular bevel gears (NBG) can achieve variable transmission between intersecting axes. The transmission ratio function is obtained when giving the involute NBG’ pitch curve equations during their pure rolling. The relationship of least number of teeth avoiding undercutting and the pitch curve curvature of NBG is analyzed. Being directed against N-lobed involute NBG drive, a kind of varying-coefficient-profile-shift-modification method has been presented. The equations of the modified addendum and dedendum curves are implemented. The algorithm for generating tooth profile of NBG by shaper cutter under UG platform is proposed and significant examples are included. The 3D models of a pair of conjugate N-lobed involute modified NBG are demonstrated to verify the correctness of this modification method.

Parameter matching and optimization for power system of range-extended electric vehicle based on requirements

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (14) ◽  
pp. 3316-3328
Author(s):  
Hanwu Liu ◽  
Yulong Lei ◽  
Yao Fu ◽  
Xingzhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Parameter Matching ◽  
Simulation Results

For the research on crucial technologies of range-extended electric vehicle, the first problem to be solved is parameter matching and efficiency optimization for range-extended electric vehicle power and transmission system. Parameter matching and optimization of range-extended electric vehicle power and transmission system are multi-objective optimization problem. Evaluation and analysis of multi-objective optimization problem should be mutually independent and balanced. With the aim of guaranteeing vehicle’s comprehensive performance, a parameter matching and optimization method for range-extended electric vehicle power and transmission system is proposed in this paper. First, the house of quality model of range-extended electric vehicle is established to determine weight coefficient of vehicle performance indicator based on market requirements instead of experience. Based on co-simulation control model which is established in Matlab-Simulink and AVL-Cruise, 40 groups of orthogonal tests are performed, and the sensitivity of characteristic parameters is analyzed to explore the coupling law among vehicle performance indicators, so as to clarify the entry point for parameter matching and optimization. The simulation results show that the characteristic parameters not only have a significant influence but also have a coupling effect on the vehicle performance indicators. The analysis of variance shows that there is a limitation in optimal level combination of various factors only by range. Then, particle swarm optimization algorithm is selected to optimize the parameters of range-extended electric vehicle power and transmission system based on sensitivity analysis results obtained above. The study reveals that it is more efficient and reasonable to match the range-extended electric vehicle power and transmission system with a smaller battery capacity and a “medium-sized” auxiliary power unit which can achieve adequate dynamic performance, lower purchase cost, longer driving range and less energy consumption. Finally, a comparative simulation between the range-based analysis and particle swarm optimization-based analysis is conducted, the simulation results indicate that the optimized design parameters solution can significantly improve the technical indicators of the vehicle.

Optimization of large-scale wind-powered centrifugal pumps

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-487
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hashim Siddig
Keyword(s):  
Froude Number ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dimensionless Parameter ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Continuous Variable Transmission ◽  
Variable Transmission

A study on the optimal matching of centrifugal pumps and large-scale wind turbines is reported. The study includes mathematical modelling of the performance of high-capacity centrifugal pumps when matched with efficient high-speed low-solidity wind turbines. The dependence of the performance of wind pumps on the dimensionless parameter v/√( gh), termed the wind pump’s Froude number, was fully analysed. Similar to earlier reported results on wind-powered piston pumps, analysis is showing that the wind pump’s Froude number is the dominant independent dimensionless parameter that fully defines the system’s performance. Operation with continuous variable transmission was analysed and shown to optimize the wind pump’s performance, particularly at medium and low wind speeds. The optimum relation between the required gearbox transmission ratio and Froude number of a wind-powered centrifugal pump was analytically established for three different pumps. In addition to continuous variable transmission operation, the analysis helps in optimally sizing constant transmission ratio systems.

The Relationship between Contact Angle Difference and Equivalent Conicity of High-Speed EMU

2012 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 1920-1924
Author(s):  
Zhi Bo Zhang ◽  
Ping Bo Wu ◽  
Ren Luo ◽  
Feng Gan
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Roll Angle ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Angle Difference ◽  
Equivalent Conicity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nominal Position

This paper studied the relationship among the linear model of wheel/rail characteristic parameters, the contact angle difference, the equivalent conicity and roll angle. The standard and worn profiles of S1002CN, XP55 and LMA were matched with 60 kg/m rail separately. The results of the study show that the ratio of contact angle difference to equivalent conicity changes linearly along lateral wheelset displacement within 5mm. Taking rolling angle into consideration, the contact angle difference and equivalent conicity in nominal position (3mm) display a linear relationship. Just considering the contact angle difference and roll angle in the fitting formula for the wheel/rail linear model calculation, the quasi-linear calculation of the critical speed could be more accurate. Therefore, the wheel/rail linear model characteristic parameters roll angle and the contact angle difference in the nominal position have certain effect on vehicle dynamic performance like equivalent conicity.

Predictive Failure Analysis of Solder Joints with Simultaneous High Speed EBSD and EDS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lindsay ◽  
P. Trimby ◽  
J. Goulden ◽  
S. McCracken ◽  
R. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Bond Failure ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Snpb Solder ◽  
Grain Orientations ◽  
Accelerated Thermal Cycling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

Abstract The results presented here show how high-speed simultaneous EBSD and EDS can be used to characterize the essential microstructural parameters in SnPb solder joints with high resolution and precision. Analyses of both intact and failed solder joints have been carried out. Regions of strain localization that are not apparent from the Sn and Pb phase distribution are identified in the intact bond, providing key insights into the mechanism of potential bond failure. In addition, EBSD provides a wealth of quantitative detail such as the relationship between parent Sn grain orientations and Pb coarsening, the morphology and distribution of IMCs on a sub-micron scale and accurate grain size information for all phases within the joint. Such analyses enable a better understanding of the microstructural developments leading up to failure, opening up the possibility of improved accelerated thermal cycling (ATC) testing and better quality control.

High-speed electro-optic switch using buried electrode structure in polymer Mach–Zehnder waveguide

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Sun ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Yunji Yi ◽  
Lucheng Qv ◽  
Shiqi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Loss ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Electrode Structure ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Disperse Red 1 ◽  
Excellent Photostability

A low-cost and high-speed electro-optic (EO) switch using the guest–host EO material Disperse Red 1/Polymethyl Methacrylate (DR1/PMMA) was designed and fabricated. The DR1/PMMA material presented a low processing cost, an excellent photostability and a large EO coefficient of 13.1 pm/V. To improve the performance of the switch, the in-plane buried electrode structure was introduced in the polymer Mach–Zehnder waveguide to improve the poling and modulating efficiency. The characteristic parameters of the waveguide and the electrodes were carefully designed and the fabrication process was strictly controlled. Under 1550 nm, the insertion loss of the device was 12.7 dB. The measured switching rise time and fall time of the switch were 50.00 ns and 54.29 ns, respectively.

scholarly journals Research on the Ignition Height and Reaction Flame Temperature of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO with Different Mass Ratios of PTFE/Si

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3464
Author(s):  
Xuan Zou ◽  
Jingyuan Zhou ◽  
Xianwen Ran ◽  
Yiting Wu ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Release Capacity ◽  
Mass Ratios ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies have shown that the energy release capacity of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Al with Si, and CuO, respectively, is higher than that of PTFE/Al. PTFE/Al/Si/CuO reactive materials with four proportions of PTFE/Si were designed by the molding–sintering process to study the influence of different PTFE/Si mass ratios on energy release. A drop hammer was selected for igniting the specimens, and the high-speed camera and spectrometer systems were used to record the energy release process and the flame spectrum, respectively. The ignition height of the reactive material was obtained by fitting the relationship between the flame duration and the drop height. It was found that the ignition height of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO containing 20% PTFE/Si is 48.27 cm, which is the lowest compared to the ignition height of other Si/PTFE ratios of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO; the flame temperature was calculated from the flame spectrum. It was found that flame temperature changes little for the same reactive material at different drop heights. Compared with the flame temperature of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO with four mass ratios, it was found that the flame temperature of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO with 20% PTFE/Si is the highest, which is 2589 K. The results show that PTFE/Al/Si/CuO containing 20% PTFE/Si is easier to be ignited and has a stronger temperature destruction effect.

scholarly journals Verification of electric steel punching simulation results using microhardness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampsa Vili Antero Laakso ◽  
Ugur Aydin ◽  
Peter Krajnik
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Electrical Steel ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Fem Simulations ◽  
Iron Losses ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Electrical Steel Sheet

AbstractOne of the most dominant manufacturing methods in the production of electromechanical devices from sheet metal is punching. In punching, the material undergoes plastic deformation and finally fracture. Punching of an electrical steel sheet causes plastic deformation on the edges of the part, which affects the magnetic properties of the material, i.e., increases iron losses in the material, which in turn has a negative effect on the performance of the electromagnetic devices in the final product. Therefore, punching-induced iron losses decrease the energy efficiency of the device. FEM simulations of punching have shown significantly increased plastic deformation on the workpiece edges with increasing tool wear. In order to identify the critical tool wear, after which the iron losses have increased beyond acceptable limits, the simulation results must be verified with experimental methods. The acceptable limits are pushed further in the standards by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The new standard (IEC TS 60034-30-2:2016) has much stricter limits regarding the energy efficiency of electromechanical machines, with an IE5 class efficiency that exceeds the previous IE4 class (IEC 60034-30-1:2014) requirements by 30%. The simulations are done using Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation Deform, a finite element software for material processing simulations. The electrical steel used is M400-50A, and the tool material is Vanadis 23, a powder-based high-speed steel. Vanadis 23 is a high alloyed powder metallurgical high-speed steel with a high abrasive wear resistance and a high compressive strength. It is suitable for cold work processing like punching. In the existing literature, FEM simulations and experimental methods have been incorporated for investigating the edge deformation properties of sheared surfaces, but there is a research gap in verifying the simulation results with the experimental methods. In this paper, FEM simulation of the punching process is verified using an electrical steel sheet from real production environment and measuring the deformation of the edges using microhardness measurements. The simulations show high plastic deformation 50 μm into the workpiece edge, a result that is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.

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