scholarly journals Musical Preferences Predict Personality: Evidence From Active Listening and Facebook Likes

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Nave ◽  
Juri Minxha ◽  
David M. Greenberg ◽  
Michal Kosinski ◽  
David Stillwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Active Listening ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Musical Excerpts ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Genre Preferences ◽  
Musical Preferences

Research over the past decade has shown that various personality traits are communicated through musical preferences. One limitation of that research is external validity, as most studies have assessed individual differences in musical preferences using self-reports of music-genre preferences. Are personality traits communicated through behavioral manifestations of musical preferences? We addressed this question in two large-scale online studies with demographically diverse populations. Study 1 ( N = 22,252) shows that reactions to unfamiliar musical excerpts predicted individual differences in personality—most notably, openness and extraversion—above and beyond demographic characteristics. Moreover, these personality traits were differentially associated with particular music-preference dimensions. The results from Study 2 ( N = 21,929) replicated and extended these findings by showing that an active measure of naturally occurring behavior, Facebook Likes for musical artists, also predicted individual differences in personality. In general, our findings establish the robustness and external validity of the links between musical preferences and personality.

Probing Birth-Order Effects on Narrow Traits Using Specification-Curve Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1821-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Rohrer ◽  
Boris Egloff ◽  
Stefan C. Schmukle
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Birth Order Effect ◽  
Self Reports

The idea that birth-order position has a lasting impact on personality has been discussed for the past 100 years. Recent large-scale studies have indicated that birth-order effects on the Big Five personality traits are negligible. In the current study, we examined a variety of more narrow personality traits in a large representative sample ( n = 6,500–10,500 in between-family analyses; n = 900–1,200 in within-family analyses). We used specification-curve analysis to assess evidence for birth-order effects across a range of models implementing defensible yet arbitrary analytical decisions (e.g., whether to control for age effects or to exclude participants on the basis of sibling spacing). Although specification-curve analysis clearly confirmed the previously reported birth-order effect on intellect, we found no meaningful effects on life satisfaction, locus of control, interpersonal trust, reciprocity, risk taking, patience, impulsivity, or political orientation. The lack of meaningful birth-order effects on self-reports of personality was not limited to broad traits but also held for more narrowly defined characteristics.

scholarly journals Brain network topology and personality traits: a source level magnetoencephalographic study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emahnuel Troisi Lopez ◽  
Valentina Colonnello ◽  
Marianna Liparoti ◽  
Mauro Castaldi ◽  
Paolo Maria Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Neural Communication ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
Source Level ◽  
Large Scale Networks

Abstract Personality neuroscience is focusing on the correlation between individual differences and the efficiency of large-scale networks from the perspective of the brain as an interconnected network. A suitable technique to explore this relationship is the magnetoencephalography (MEG), but little are MEG studies aimed at investigating topological properties correlated to personality traits. By using MEG, the present study is aimed at evaluating how individual differences described in Cloninger’s psychobiological model are correlated with specific cerebral structures. Fifty healthy individuals (20 males, 30 females, mean age: 27.4 ± 4.8 years) underwent Temperament and Character Inventory examination and MEG recording during a resting state condition. High harm avoidance scores were associated with a reduced centrality of the left caudate nucleus and this negative correlation was maintained in females when we analyzed gender differences. Our data suggest that the caudate nucleus plays a key role in adaptive behavior and could be a critical node in insular salience network. The clear difference between males and females allows us to suggest that topological organization correlated to personality is highly dependent on gender. Our findings provide new insights to evaluate the mutual influences of topological and functional connectivity in neural communication efficiency and disruption as biomarkers of psychopathological traits.

scholarly journals Developing and evaluating language-based machine learning algorithms for inferring applicant personality in video interviews

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Hickman ◽  
Rachel Saef ◽  
Vincent Ng ◽  
Sang Eun Woo ◽  
Louis Tay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Cross

Organizations are increasingly relying on people analytics to aid human resources decision-making. One application involves using machine learning to automatically infer applicant characteristics from employment interview responses. However, management research has provided scant validity evidence to guide organizations’ decisions about whether and how best to implement these algorithmic approaches. To address this gap, we use closed vocabulary text mining on mock video interviews to train and test machine learning algorithms for predicting interviewee’s self-reported (automatic personality recognition) and interviewer-rated personality traits (automatic personality perception). We use 10-fold cross-validation to test the algorithms’ accuracy for predicting Big Five personality traits across both rating sources. The cross-validated accuracy for predicting self-reports was lower than large-scale investigations using language in social media posts as predictors. The cross-validated accuracy for predicting interviewer ratings of personality was more than double that found for predicting self-reports. We discuss implications for future research and practice.

Personality dynamics in the brain: Individual differences in updating of representations and their phylogenetic roots

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattie Tops ◽  
Hans IJzerman ◽  
Markus Quirin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Personality ◽  
Internal Models ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Continuum

To cope with changing and unfamiliar situations, individuals process novel information and integrate this information into internal models that were formed through previous experiences. We propose that the continuum of the degree to which people update these internal models when encountering novel information is central to personality dynamics. Personality traits therefore arise at both ends of this continuum. Personality dimensions and behavioral manifestations (such as those reflected in liberal and conservative political thought) are classified at different points along this continuum, as well as according to the availability and flexible situational accessibility of internal models. Our model is rooted in neurobiological evidence (interactions of large-scale brain networks in particular) and shows strong parallels with models of basic animal personality traits. The model thus permits to explain both personality traits and personality dynamics, including phasic and stable adaptations to environmental conditions. Moreover, the model sheds light on the development of personality and its origins through phylogenetic and ontogenetic time.

Individual Differences in Music Listener Motivations: The Neglected Values

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Maria Manolika ◽  
Alexandros Baltzis ◽  
Antonis Gardikiotis
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Music Psychology ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Musical Preferences

Considerable research on music psychology indicates correlations between musical preferences and individual differences in personality, between the various uses of music and personality traits, and between musical preferences and personal values. However, the association between personal values and the multiple ways in which music is used has not been considered yet. To investigate this issue, 400 participants completed a self-report questionnaire comprising the uses of music, personality traits, and personal values, as well as provided their demographic details. The hierarchical regression analyses revealed that both personality and personal values along with gender contribute differentially to predicting the different ways in which music is used. Overall, these findings suggest that the understanding of the ways in which listeners experience music can be improved by contemplating various individual difference variables.

scholarly journals The Song Remains the Same: A Replication and Extension of the MUSIC Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Rentfrow ◽  
Lewis R. Goldberg ◽  
David J. Stillwell ◽  
Michal Kosinski ◽  
Samuel D. Gosling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Psychological Attributes ◽  
Musical Excerpts ◽  
Music Structure ◽  
Music Model ◽  
Musical Genres ◽  
Robust Framework ◽  
Musical Preferences

there is overwhelming anecdotal and empirical evidence for individual differences in musical preferences. However, little is known about what drives those preferences. Are people drawn to particular musical genres (e.g., rap, jazz) or to certain musical properties (e.g., lively, loud)? Recent findings suggest that musical preferences can be conceptualized in terms of five orthogonal dimensions: Mellow, Unpretentious, Sophisticated, Intense, and Contemporary (conveniently, MUSIC). The aim of the present research is to replicate and extend that work by empirically examining the hypothesis that musical preferences are based on preferences for particular musical properties and psychological attributes as opposed to musical genres. Findings from Study 1 replicated the five-factor MUSIC structure using musical excerpts from a variety of genres and subgenres and revealed musical attributes that differentiate each factor. Results from Studies 2 and 3 show that the MUSIC structure is recoverable using musical pieces from only the jazz and rock genres, respectively. Taken together, the current work provides strong evidence that preferences for music are determined by specific musical attributes and that the MUSIC model is a robust framework for conceptualizing and measuring such preferences.

Individual Differences in Students' Preferences for Lecturers' Personalities

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Student Ratings ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
Intelligence Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study examines the relationship between students' personality and intelligence scores with their preferences for the personality profile of their lecturers. Student ratings (N = 136) of 30 lecturer trait characteristics were coded into an internally reliable Big Five taxonomy ( Costa & McCrae, 1992 ). Descriptive statistics showed that, overall, students tended to prefer conscientious, open, and stable lecturers, though correlations revealed that these preferences were largely a function of students' own personality traits. Thus, open students preferred open lecturers, while agreeable students preferred agreeable lecturers. There was evidence of a similarity effect for both Agreeableness and Openness. In addition, less intelligent students were more likely to prefer agreeable lecturers than their more intelligent counterparts were. A series of regressions showed that individual differences are particularly good predictors of preferences for agreeable lecturers, and modest, albeit significant, predictors of preferences for open and neurotic lecturers. Educational and vocational implications are considered.

Investment Traits and Intelligence in Adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie von Stumm
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Intelligence-as-knowledge in adulthood is influenced by individual differences in intelligence-as-process (i.e., fluid intelligence) and in personality traits that determine when, where, and how people invest their intelligence over time. Here, the relationship between two investment traits (i.e., Openness to Experience and Need for Cognition), intelligence-as-process and intelligence-as-knowledge, as assessed by a battery of crystallized intelligence tests and a new knowledge measure, was examined. The results showed that (1) both investment traits were positively associated with intelligence-as-knowledge; (2) this effect was stronger for Openness to Experience than for Need for Cognition; and (3) associations between investment and intelligence-as-knowledge reduced when adjusting for intelligence-as-process but remained mostly significant.

Large-Scale Demonstration Experiment of Mental Imagery Ability

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1089-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Richard Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Introductory Psychology Class ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Psychology Class ◽  
Demonstration Experiment ◽  
And Gender

The present article describes a demonstration experiment used in a large introductory psychology class pertaining to mental imagery ability. The experiment is effective in providing a concrete instance of mental imagery as well as an effective discussion regarding individual differences and gender differences in imagery ability.

Self-other agreement in disgust sensitivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Karinen ◽  
Joshua M. Tybur ◽  
Reinout E. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Moral Disgust ◽  
Sexual Disgust ◽  
Moral Condemnation

A broad literature indicates that pathogen, sexual, and moral disgust sensitivity relate to, among other things, political attitudes, moral condemnation, and symptoms of psychopathology. As such, instruments measuring disgust sensitivity have been widely used across subfields of psychology. Yet, surprisingly little work has examined whether self-reports in disgust sensitivity reflect systematic trait variation. Here, we present the first study to examine self-other agreement in pathogen, sexual, and moral disgust sensitivity. Romantic partners (n1 = 290), friends (n2 = 212) and acquaintances (n3 = 140) rated each other on these three domains of disgust sensitivity and on the HEXACO personality dimensions. Correlations between dyad partners’ self- and other-ratings were calculated to estimate the magnitude of self-other agreement. We found self-other agreement in all domains of disgust sensitivity (r’s of .36, .46, and .66 for moral, pathogen, and sexual disgust sensitivity, respectively), with this agreement only slightly inferred from personality perceptions (percentages mediated by HEXACO were 15%, 7%, and 33% for pathogen, sexual, and moral disgust sensitivity, respectively). These results suggest that pathogen, sexual, and moral disgust sensitivity reflect systematic trait variation that is detectable by others and distinct from broader personality traits.

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