Investigation of grease lubricated deep groove ball bearing with multi-defected outer race using vibration signature analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 095745652199987
Author(s):  
Abhay A Utpat ◽  
Sham Kulkarni ◽  
Ravindra B Ingle
Keyword(s):  
Crack Detection ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Vibration Spectra ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Rotary Machine ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Ball Diameter ◽  
Defect Frequency

Failure of any rotary machine is mainly due to bearing failure being the key element. Defect frequency is the function of speed, ball diameter, and pitch circle diameter of bearing. The number of defects does not affect the excitation frequency, but increase in the level of vibrations is observed in total. The inner race is mounted on the rotary shaft, and the outer race is fixed in the housing. Hence, a defect on the outer race does not rotate with the shaft. This article highlights the study of the multi-crack detection technique at a comparatively higher speed. Amplitudes of vibrations increase with speed, but with load, they almost remain the same. The experiment has been performed at the range from 1000 to 5000 r/min with 5 kg load on the test bearing. The location and size of the defect affect the level of vibrations with noticeable increase. However, the presence of a second defect with respect to the load zone plays an important role. As the defect is at the peak position in the load zone, outer race defect frequency excites more in the vibration spectra. The location and size of the second defect are varied, and acceleration amplitude parameters like RMS, peak, and peak to peak are compared. The current work emphasizes the effect of location and severity of the second defect on the vibration spectra and amplitude parameters of the vibrations.

Effect of Waviness on Vibration and Acoustic Features of Rolling Element Bearing

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimin Shao ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
Zaigang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Rigid Displacement ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Rolling Element

Waviness of rolling element bearings, as one of the most concerned factors, would greatly influence the dynamic and acoustic performances of machines. In this paper, a new algorithm of vibro-acoustic coupling, which is based on the displacement mapping method by applying the displacement history obtained from a 6-DOF bearing dynamic model to be as the boundary condition of the finite element model of the bearing housing, is developed to predict the effect of waviness on the vibration and acoustic features of the bearing. The displacement excitation of the circumferential surface of bearing housing can be obtained by vector synthesis of bearing rigid displacement from the 6-DOF bearing dynamic model. This new method enables not only the reduction in computational cost, but also simulation of the bearing waviness under different sizes. A 6308 deep groove ball bearing model with outer race waviness is taken as an example case to examine the effectiveness of the new algorithm. The simulation results show that the new algorithm is able to predict the vibration and acoustic features of the bearing with waviness.

scholarly journals Detection of Micro-Cracks in Metals Using Modulation of PZT-Induced Lamb Waves

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3823
Author(s):  
Sang Eon Lee ◽  
Jung-Wuk Hong
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Crack Length ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Lamb Waves ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Modulated Waves

The ultrasonic modulation technique, developed by inspecting the nonlinearity from the interactions of crack surfaces, has been considered very effective in detecting fatigue cracks in the early stage of the crack development due to its high sensitivity. The wave modulation is the frequency shift of a wave passing through a crack and does not occur in intact specimens. Various parameters affect the modulation of the wave, but quantitative analysis for each variable has not been comprehensively conducted due to the complicated interaction of irregular crack surfaces. In this study, specimens with a constant crack width are manufactured, and the effects of various excitation parameters on modulated wave generation are analyzed. Based on the analysis, an effective crack detection algorithm is proposed and verified by applying the algorithm to fatigue cracks. For the quantitative analysis, tests are repeatedly conducted by varying parameters. As a result, the excitation intensity shows a strong linear relationship with the amount of modulated waves, and the increase of modulated wave is expected as crack length increases. However, the change in the dynamic characteristics of the specimen with the crack length is more dominant in the results. The excitation frequency is the most dominant variable to generate the modulated waves, but a direct correlation is not observed as it is difficult to measure the interaction of crack surfaces. A numerical analysis technique is developed to accurately simulate the movement and interaction of the crack surface. The crack detection algorithm, improved by using the observations from the quantitative analyses, can distinguish the occurrence of modulated waves from the ambient noises, and the state of the specimens is determined by using two nonlinear indexes.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Lubricant Film Failure in a Ball Bearing Using Ultrasound

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Bruce W. Drinkwater ◽  
Rob S. Dwyer-Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Lubricant Film ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Deep Groove Ball Bearing ◽  
Ball Diameter ◽  
Ultrasonic Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Measurement Location

A lubricant-film monitoring system for a conventional deep groove ball bearing (type 6016, shaft diameter 80 mm, ball diameter 12.7 mm) is described. A high-frequency (50 MHz) ultrasonic transducer is mounted on the static outer raceway of the bearing. The transducer is focused on the ball-raceway interface and used to measure the reflection coefficient of the lubricant in the “contact” ellipse between bearing components. The reflection coefficient characterizes the lubricant film and can be used to calculate its thickness. An accurate triggering system enables multiple reflection measurements to be made as each lubricated contact moves past the measurement location. Experiments are described in which bearings were deliberately caused to fail by the addition of acetone, water, and sand to the lubricant. The ultrasonic reflection coefficient was monitored as a function of time as the failure occurred. Also monitored were the more standard parameters, temperature and vibration. The results indicate that the ultrasonic measurements are able to detect the failures before seizure. It is also observed that, when used in parallel, these monitoring techniques offer the potential to diagnose the failure mechanism and hence improve predictions of remaining life.

scholarly journals Analisa Getaran Akibat Kerusakan Deep Grove Ball Bearing Seri 6003RS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Muhamad Riva’i ◽  
Nanda Pranandita
Keyword(s):  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Deep Groove Ball Bearing ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Rolling Elements ◽  
Vibration Measuring

Measurement of the damage of elements in bearing can be by measuring the vibration generated in the form of a frequency signal when the pad is rotating. Measurement of vibration on the bearing by using vibration measuring instrument. Damage to the rolling bearing includes damage to the cage, outer ring, inner ring and balls. The rolling bearings used in this study are deep groove ball bearing type 6003 RS with internal diameter (d) = 17 mm, outer diameter (D) = 35 mm, bearing thickness (B) = 10, number of rolling elements (Nb) = 10 pieces, and the diameter of the rolling element (Bd) = 4.75 mm. In the rotation of the bearing (Fr) = 2003 rpm (33.38 Hz) we found the experimental results of bearings that have been damaged in the outer race at 138 Hz frequency, inner race damage at 196 Hz frequency, (ball) at a frequency of 88.8 Hz and cage damage at a frequency of 13.8 Hz.

Predicting Steady-State Temperature, Life, Skid, and Film Thickness in a Greased Preloaded Hybrid Ball Bearing

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Poplawski ◽  
D. R. Atwell ◽  
M. J. Lubas ◽  
V. Odessky
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Thrust Bearing ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Steady State Temperature ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Ball Diameter ◽  
Hybrid Bearing ◽  
Stress Fatigue

This paper describes the use of the SHABERTH computer program supplemented with experimental temperature and skid data to quantify steady-state bearing operation. Parametric studies on ball diameter and number, contact angle, curvature, grease type, and preload are presented with their influence on contact stress, fatigue life, skid load, film thickness, and inner and outer race temperatures. These results are compared for a steel versus hybrid bearing set in a DB and DFSL mounting. The method presented can be applied to the design of other steel and hybrid ball thrust bearing systems.

Bearing Multiple Defects Detection Based on Envelope Detector Time Constant

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohammadi ◽  
M. S. Safizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Multiple Faults ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Multiple Defects ◽  
Envelope Detector ◽  
Bearing Defect ◽  
Defect Frequency ◽  
High Frequency Resonance ◽  
Bearing Damage

Rolling element bearing damage detection is one of the foremost concerns in rotating machinery. The difficulties in bearing defect diagnosis when the bearing has multiple defects increase, since unexpected changes occur in the amplitude of the bearing defect frequencies. In addition, the tendency toward condition-based maintenance (CBM) requires a better understanding of the fault progression due to the fact that multiple defects is one kind of fault development. In this paper, in order to detect multiple defects on one component of the bearing, a new method based on the high frequency resonance technique (HFRT) is introduced. The time constant in the envelope detector is used to find the pattern of the amplitude of defect frequency harmonics (ADFH) in the frequency domain. This method is based on a comparison of the ADFH with a curve, which is obtained from vibration modeling of the bearing. Two criteria are given for the diagnosis of multiple defects. The method is investigated with a simulation and a real experiment. Single and multiple defects are created on the outer race of the ball bearing at different angles. Additionally, the ADFH in the multiple faults experiments are calculated with the proposed mathematical modeling in order to check the accuracy of the model. The experimental results confirm the ability of the proposed method to diagnose multiple defects.

The Reliability Virtual Experiment Based on Deep Groove Ball Bearing

2008 ◽  
Vol 44-46 ◽  
pp. 893-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Li ◽  
Zhi Li Sun
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Contact Process ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Virtual Experiment ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Deep Groove Ball Bearing ◽  
Bearing System

With the application of explicit dynamics and probability finite element method, reliability virtual experiment of deep groove ball bearing is carried out. Based on self –adaptive mesh module of the ANSYS/LS-DYNA, true numerical simulation of the working process is presented after the three-dimensional finite element bearing model is built. Then, the contact stress and strain among balls, retainer and inner (outer) race and also the pressure law during the contact process are obtained. As the randomness of manufacture and assemblage tolerance is inevitable, Monte Carlo method is adopted when samples the bearing system. From the random sampling, a large sample data of the maximum contact stress is got and the reliability coefficient is calculated; and the contribution of each original manufacture error to the reliability sensitivity of the bearing is analyzed. Reliability virtual experiment offers a theoretical reference to fatigue strength calculation and dynamic optimum design of the bearing system, and the analysis process is easy to be program controlled.

scholarly journals Performance of 75-Millimeter Bore Arched Outer-Race Ball Bearings

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Coe ◽  
B. J. Hamrock
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Shaft Speed ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Deep Groove Ball Bearing

An investigation was performed to determine the operating characteristics of 75-mm bore, arched outer-race bearings, and to compare the data with those for a similar, but conventional, deep groove ball bearing. Further, results of an analytical study, made using a computer program developed previously, were compared with the experimental data. Bearings were tested up to 28,000 rpm shaft speed with a load of 2,200 N (500 lb). The amount of arching was 0.13, 0.25, and 0.51 mm (0.005, 0.010, and 0.020 in.). All bearings operated satisfactorily. The outer-race temperatures and the torques, however, were consistently higher for the arched bearings than for the conventional bearings.

scholarly journals Predicting Steady State Temperature, Life, Skid and Film Thickness in a Greased Preloaded Hybrid Ball Bearing

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Poplawski ◽  
David R. Atwell ◽  
Michael J. Lubas ◽  
Vladimir Odessky
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Thrust Bearing ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Steady State Temperature ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Ball Diameter ◽  
Hybrid Bearing ◽  
Stress Fatigue

This paper describes the use of the SHABERTH computer program supplemented with experimental temperature and skid data to quantify steady state bearing operation. Parametric studies on ball diameter and number, contact angle, curvature, grease type and preload are presented with their influence on contact stress, fatigue life, skid load, film thickness and inner and outer race temperatures. These results are compared for a steel vs. hybrid bearing set in a DB and DFSL mounting. The method presented can be applied to the design of other steel and hybrid ball thrust bearing systems.

Multiple Defects Detection in Outer Race of Gearbox Ball Bearing Using Time Domain Statistical Parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nabhan ◽  
A.M. Sami ◽  
M.O. Mousa ◽  
M. Nouby
Keyword(s):  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Multiple Defects ◽  
Single Defect ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Local Defects

Multiple defects are introduced on the outer race of vehicle gearboxes. The effect of the number of outer race defects in deep groove ball bearings are investigated using experimental and numerical methods. A three-dimensional model of the housing and outer race is developed using ABAQUS. Firstly, single defect located at 0˚and two defects located at 0˚ and 67.5˚ are analyzed. Then the number of defects was increased to three and the locations of the local defects are 0˚, 67.5˚ and 225˚. Finally the model with four defects located on the outer race at the angular positions 0˚, 67.5˚, 225˚ and 270˚, was investigated. The simulated data were also used to validate the experimental results.

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