Performance and haematological indices in rats exposed to monocrotophos contamination

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
TO Sunmonu ◽  
OB Oloyede

Monocrotophos is an organophosphate pesticide used in agriculture to control insect pests. Changes in performance and haematological parameters (such as packed cell volume, white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes) were used to assess the effect of the pesticide on rats chronically exposed to 12.5 parts per million (ppm), 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm for 10 days, while the control rats were placed on borehole water. Administration of the pesticide to the animals resulted in several physical deteriorations including appearance and agility. A significant reduction (p < .05) was observed in the weight gained by rats while the liver-to-body weight ratio increased significantly (p < .05) as the level of exposure to monocrotophos increased. Whereas packed cell volume, white blood cells and lymphocytes increased significantly (p < .05), neutrophils and eosinophils counts reduced significantly (p < .05) as the concentration of monocrotophos in the drinking water increased. Overall, the data indicated that exposure to monocrotophos portends serious consequences on the performance and haematological parameters of rats.

Author(s):  
Wafa Mubarak M. Ahmed ◽  
Abdurrahman Khalid ◽  
O. A. Musa

Background: During pregnancy the women undergo several structural and physiological changes almost in all body systems including the hematological profile. The main reported hematological change is the plasma expansion and haemodilution which affect the red blood cells(RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) count in addition to other hematological indices including packed cell volume (PCV). The objective of this study was to assess the effect of pregnancy on packed cell volume and white blood cells among Sudanese pregnant women and derive a formula for the normal values in pregnant women in relation to the packed cell volume.Methods: An analytical case control study was conducted in Khartoum state, Sudan 2017. The study included20 Sudanese pregnant women in the second and third trimesters attending the antenatal care at The National Ribat university hospital and 20 Sudanese non-pregnant women in the same age group as control. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data.5ml of venous blood was collected in a container containing EDTA. Complete blood count (CBC) was measured by using automated cell counter Sysmex.Results: There was statistically significant decrease in PCV value during 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant control group with p values (0.00 and 0.04 respectively), and statistically significant increase in WBCs count during 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant control group with p values (0.04 and 0.00 respectively). Also, a progressive increase in WBCs count with gestational age was demonstrated (second trimester 6.65×103/uL, third trimester 7.43×103/uL). The results showed mean WBCs of 7.79×103/uL, when compared to the estimated values the results showed no significant difference with the mean WBCs in 2ndand 3rdtrimesters (p value 0.06 and 0.39 respectively).Conclusions: During pregnancy there was statistically significant decrease in PCV values, statistically significant increase in WBCs count and by considering the haemodilution factor there was a higher increase in WBCs count.


2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Young Imienwain Irivboje ◽  
Adeboye Olusesan Fafiolu ◽  
Muyideen Timothy Sanni ◽  
Oluwabusayo Adewunmi Irivboje ◽  
Christian Obiora Ndubuisi Ikeobi

AbstractHaematological studies help in understanding the relationship of blood characteristics to the environment. One of the major environmental factors influencing haematological indicators is season. This study was aimed at the variation in haematological profiles of two strains of laying birds at different seasons. We therefore evaluated the effects of genotype and season on the haematological profile in two strains of laying birds – Dominant brown (D-192) and Hyline brown in the tropics. A total of 50 birds per strain at 30 weeks of age were randomly selected for this study. Packed cell volume (PCV) and platelets were obtained using microhaematocrit whereas red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) were counted using a haemocytometer. The result obtained showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the haematological profile of the birds in the two seasons compared (rainy and dry seasons). The haematological indices obtained during the rainy season had significantly higher mean values in packed cell volume (29.65 ± 0.32%), red blood cells (2.65 ± 0.03 × 1012/L), haemoglobin (100.1 ± 0.11 g/L) and eosinophil (2.5 ± 0.16%) while those obtained during the dry season had a higher significant effect on the white blood cells (19.16 ± 0.36 × 109/L). The results further revealed that between the strains, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in most of the indicators analysed but Hyline brown had significantly higher values (P < 0.05) of eosinophils and platelets. We concluded that the observed differences could be a result of genetic differences between the two strains of birds which gives room for selection and that the rainy season is more favourable for laying birds production under tropical condition.


2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-752
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal

The present study investigated Haematological changes in Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, as well as determination genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride on bunni fish by using 120 fingerlings, fish were distributed randomly into four treatments in addition to control group. Fish in first group treated (T1) with cadmium 0.093mg/L with changing water and added cadmium continuously, fish in the second group treated (T2) with cadmium 0.093mg/L with changing water without adding cadmium, third treatment (T3) with cadmium 0.046mg/L with changing water and adding cadmium continuously, and fourth treatment (T4) with cadmium 0.046mg/L with changing water without adding cadmium. Results of blood picture in T1 and T3 showed a significant reduction in red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume values, while the number of white blood cells showed a significant increase in its values. Results showed presence of improvement of clinical and microscopical signs and blood picture in T2 and T4, were changed water aquarium continuously and added cadmium only once compared withT1 and T3. Results of the present study concluded that changing water aquarium in the treatments without adding cadmium led to improvement of health status of fish which increased with the passage of time results of blood picture were almost the same of the control group. It could be concluded from the current study that the adding of cadmium to water aquarium containing bunni fish led to decrease in red blood cells count, hemoglobin and packed cell volume values and increase in micronuclei number.


Author(s):  
Nur El Huda I. Osman ◽  
Rashid M. Al-Busaidi ◽  
Eugene H. Johnson

Sixty seven healthy growing goat kids of three Omani breeds, born and raised in Sultan Qaboos University Agricultural Experiment Station, were used to study the effects of age, breed and sex on haematological parameters. Blood samples were collected at several times from the first to 25 weeks to study the following parameters: Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH). At birth, MCV and MCH levels were significantly higher in Batina (BAT) kids than both Jabal Akhdar (JA) and Dhofari (DOF), but there were no breed differences in the rest of the haematological values. There were significant breed differences in RBC, MCH, WBC, MCV at different ages, with Hb and PCV being highly significant at all ages. All blood parameters changed with time but showed different patterns in all breeds. There was no effect of sex on RBC, MCHC, PCV, Hb or WBC, but female kids had significantly higher MCH and MCV values at week 12. This study indicates that haematology parameters in Omani goat kids could be affected by age, breed and sex.  


2016 ◽  
pp. 5265-5271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Barreto B ◽  
Daniela Ferrer MV ◽  
Paula Baldassin ◽  
Denise Bobany M

ABSTRACT Objective. In view of the deficiency of information in the area of clinical pathology of elasmobranchs, mainly of the physiological parameters, the aim of this work was to study hematological parameters of the Zapteryx brevirostris species. Materials and methods. Four specimens apparently healthy of Zapteryx brevirostris; three females and a male were used. These animals are all pertaining ones to the Aquarium of Ubatuba, São Paulo (Brazil). Results. The obtained average of hematological values for the Zapteryx brevirostris were: Red Blood Cells were - 0.96 x 106/μL, Packed Cell Volume - 24.3% and White Blood Cells - 36.8 x 103/μL. Conclusion. Although the small N, which decreases the accuracy, this research has scientific value because the situation of vulnerability of Zapteryx brevirostris, suggesting other studies. RESUMENObjetivo. En vista de la carencia de información en el área de patología clínica de los elasmobranquios, especialmente en lo que respecta a los parámetros fisiopatológicos, el objetivo de este trabajo fue el de obtener parámetros de la hematología de la especie Zapteryx brevirostris. Materiales y método. Cuatro animales clínicamente saludables de Zapteryx brevirostris; tres hembras y un macho fueron utilizados, todos procedentes del Acuario de Ubatuba, S. P. Resultados. Los valores promedio de hematología para el Zapteryx brevirostris fueron: glóbulos rojos - 0.96 x 106/ μL, volumen de los hematíes - 24.3 % y glóbulos blancos 36.8 x 103/ μL. Conclusiones. A pesar de la pequeña N, que disminuye la precisión, la investigación tiene valor científico debido a que Zapteryx brevirostris es una especie vulnerable; sugiriendo otros estudios.


2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-644
Author(s):  
Nejra Hadžimusić ◽  
Dunja Rukavina ◽  
Vedad Škapur ◽  
Lejla Velić

Reptiles, especially turtles, are becoming increasingly popular as pets. The haematological evaluation of turtles is an irreplaceable diagnostic tool in veterinary practice. However, the morphologic distinctiveness of turtle blood limits the use of electronic cell-counting devices, making time-consuming, manual counting techniques and evaluation of blood smears necessary. Many samples are dispatched to a laboratory over long distances, where a delay of 24 h or more may occur. At weekends, this interval may exceed 48 h. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of storage duration at refrigerator temperature (4 °C) on the counts of red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC), and on the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and packed cell volume (PCV) in blood samples from healthy adult red-eared sliders. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from the occipital venous sinus from six apparently healthy adult red-eared sliders, aged 2 to 4 years. Blood samples were analysed immediately after sampling to obtain the baseline value (BV) of the red blood cell count, white blood cell count and packed cell volume percentage. Blood was stored at 4 °C and the haematological analyses were performed after 24h, 48h and 72h. The results showed the same level of stability for RBC and WBC count, and MCV values during 72 hours of storage at 4 °C and for PCV during 48 hours. Handling of blood samples, and duration of storage of the blood samples can significantly influence the results/values of haematological tests. Consequently, the obtained values of the determined haematological parameters of improperly stored or handled blood samples can give a misleading interpretation of the results on the animal’s health status.


2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-221
Author(s):  
M. D. Olumide ◽  
A. O. Akinsoyinu ◽  
R. A. Hamzat

Competition exists between man and his livestock for conventional feed ingredients like maize. This has necessitated the search for alternative ingredients. Large quantities of cocoa bean shell are produced and wasted annually by farmers and associated processing industries in Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty day-old Anak broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with 30 birds per treatment, replicated thrice, in a completely randomised design. The treatments were: A (0% CBS-control diet); B (5% RCBS); C (10% RCBS); D (15% RCBS) and E (20% RCBS). Birds were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period of eight weeks. The feed intake and weight gained were monitored. Carcass analysis, serum and hematological parameters such as total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, red blood cell, white blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were determined. Significant differences were observed in the feed intake, the birds fed with the control diet A had the highest feed intake 4556.50gm compared with birds fed diet D and E with mean values of 4177.50gm and 4097.00gm respectively. The highest weight gain was obtained from birds on control diet (1952.00gm) and the lowest from birds with 20% RCBS (1550.00gm, diet E). As the level of inclusion of RCBS increased the feed conversion ratio value increased. The dressed out percentage ranged from 73.67% - 67.00%. Apparent variations in the values obtained for total protein, creatinine, red blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cell volume of the birds fed graded levels of RCBS were not significant. However, white blood cells and globulin values increased with increase in the level of CBS in the diet. RCBS could effectively replace up to 10% maize in the diets of broilers without a deleterious effect on broiler chicken.


2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Abdulmotalib J. Al-Rudainy

The present study including determined blood picture by measuring red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and white blood cells in common carp Cyprinus carpio, as well as description behavior and growth of carp fish .In order to estimate LC50 used 240 fingerlings of common carp Cyprinus carpio were exposed to 0.0008μg/L, 0.0010μg/L, 0.0011μg/L, 0.0012μg/L, 0.0013μg/L, 0.0014μg/L and 0.0015μg/L. The LC50 of endosulfan was 0.0012μg/L for 48h of exposure Fish behavioral were recorded that showed abnormalities after exposure to the various endosulfan concentrations such as increase swimming activity, hypersensitivity, jerky movement, violent movements, loss of equilibrium, hyperactivity, increase operculum movement, frequent jumping, swimming at the water surface, erratic swimming, spiraling, convulsion, escape attempts from the aquarium with respiratory stress and decrease in respiratory rate as well as a significant decrease at (P<0.05) in body weight of all treated groups. The result of blood picture showed a significant reduction in red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume values while the number of white blood cells was showed a significant increase in its values.


2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
B. B. Bishir ◽  
G. T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor ◽  
D. Zahraddeen ◽  
A. M. Aliyu

This research was carried out to update the baseline data on haematology and serum biochemical parameters of Red Sokoto bucks. The Bucks were allotted to five treatments having three replicates each in a completely randomized design. The hog plum leaf meal (HPLM) was fed at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% in treatment 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The experimental diets and clean drinking water were offered to the animals ad libitum. 2mL of blood was taken for heamatological analysis and placed in a vacuum tube containing 10% ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). Measured parameters include packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocytes and Lymphocytes and another 2mL of blood sample was also taken for serum biochemistry analysis and was also placed in a separate vaccum tube without anti-clotting agent. Measured parameters for serum biochemistry include glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and chlorine. Packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes differed (P<0.05, P<0.01) among treatments. However, basophils and monocytes were not significantly (P>0.05) affected. The white blood cells differentials were slightly different between treatment groups but were within the reference range. The relative Lymphocytes counts was higher (P<0.05) in 30% and 40%HPLM T5 (72.42%, 73.57%) than other treatments groups which were 70.23%, 65.17% and 70.31% for 0, 10 and 20% HPLM, respectively. The serum glucose values obtained in this study The values obtained for total protein, globulin and potassium were not significantly different (P<0.05). The albumin and urea values obtained have the lowest value at 3.82g/l (control) and 30% HPLM (4.46mmol/l) respectively. Creatinine and sodium were significantly higher in 40% (147.00mmol/l) and 20% HPLM (169.33mmol/l) respectively and Values for chlorine was observed to be similar (P<0.0.05) having the lowest value at 10% HPLM (84.23 mmol/l). were significantly higher (P<0.05) on 10% (8.00 mmol/l) and 20% HPLM (8.36 mmol/l) respectively. The study indicated that hog plum leaf meal could be used as feed resources to raise goats.     Cette recherche a été effectuée pour mettre à jour les données de base sur l'hématologie et les paramètres biochimiques sériques des mâles Sokoto rouges. Les Bucks ont été attribués à cinq traitements ayant trois répliques chacun dans une conception complètement randomisée. La farine de feuilles de prunier (HPLM) a été nourrie à des niveaux de 0, 10, 20, 30 et 40% dans le traitement 1, 2, 3, 4 et 5 respectivement. Les régimes expérimentaux et l'eau potable propre ont été offerts aux animaux ad libitum. 2mL de sang a été pris pour l'analyse hématologique et placé dans un tube à vide contenant 10% d'acide tétra acetic d'éthylène diamine (EDTA). Les paramètres mesurés comprennent le volume cellulaire emballé (PCV), la concentration d'hémoglobine (Hb), les globules rouges (RBC), les globules blancs (WBC), les neutrophiles, les basophiles, les éosinophiles, les monocytes et les lymphocytes et un autre échantillon de sang de 2 mL a également été prélevé pour l'analyse de biochimie sérique et a également été placé dans un tube d'évacuation séparé sans agent anticoagulation. Les paramètres mesurés pour la biochimie sérique comprennent le glucose, la protéine totale, l'albumine, la globuline, l'urée, la créatinine, le sodium, le potassium et le chlore. Le volume de cellules emballées (PCV), les globules rouges (RBC), les globules blancs (WBC), l'hémoglobine (Hb), les neutrophiles, les éosinophiles et les lymphocytes différaient (P<0.05, P<0.01) parmi les traitements. Cependant, les basophiles et les monocytes n'ont pas été affectés de manière significative (P>0.05). Les différentiels des globules blancs étaient légèrement différents entre les groupes de traitement, mais se trouvaient dans la fourchette de référence. Les comptes relatifs de lymphocytes étaient plus élevés (P<0.05) dans 30% et 40%HPLM T5 (72.42%, 73.57%) que les autres groupes de traitements qui étaient 70.23%, 65.17% et 70.31% pour 0, 10 et 20% HPLM, respectivement. Les valeurs de glucose sérique obtenues dans cette étude Les valeurs obtenues pour la protéine totale, la globuline et le potassium n'étaient pas significativement différentes (P<0.05). Les valeurs d'albumine et d'urée obtenues ont la valeur la plus basse à 3,82 g/l (contrôle) et 30 % hplm (4,46 mmol/l) respectivement. La créatinine et le sodium étaient significativement plus élevés dans 40% (147.00mmol/l) et 20% HPLM (169.33mmol/l) respectivement et les valeurs pour le chlore ont été observées pour être semblables (P<0.05) ayant la valeur la plus basse à 10% HPLM (84.23 mmol/l). étaient significativement plus élevés (P<0.05) sur 10% (8,00 mmol/l) et 20% HPLM (8.36 mmol/l) respectivement. L'étude a indiqué que la farine de feuilles de prunier pourrait être utilisée comme ressources d'alimentation pour élever des chèvres..


1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 3038-3044
Author(s):  
Helen Chioma Okoye ◽  
Chilota Chibuife Efobi ◽  
Josephat Maduabuchi Chinawa ◽  
Odutola Israel Odetunde ◽  
Awoere Tamunosiki Chinawa ◽  
...  

Background: Maternal factors are determinants of birth outcome which includes birth weight, haematological indices and mode of delivery of their babies.Objectives: To determine the impact of parity and gestational age of hypertensive mothers on some neonatal variables.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study of measurement of neonatal variables (birth weight, red blood cells and mode of delivery) among hypertensive mothers and their controls was conducted over a period of six months. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS), version 20.Results: There were statistically significant differences in means between the neonates of the hypertensive group and non-hypertensive group for maternal age (t =1.61, p = 0.002), baby weight (t =2.87, p < 0.001), haemoglobin (Hb) (t =4.65, p = 0.010) and packed cell volume (PCV) (t =4.75, p = 0.009), but none for gravidity (t =1.95, p = 0.927)For all subjects, there was poor correlation between gestational age and variables; birth weight , haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), nucleated red blood cell (nRBC) and parity. Likewise, parity poorly correlated with variables; age, birth weight, Hb, PCV, and nRBC. There was a statistically significant association between mode of delivery and hypertension (χ2 =53.082, p <0.001) but none with having a family history of hypertension (χ2 =1.13, p = 0.287).Conclusion: Parity and gestational age of mothers with hypertension have no impact on birth weight and red cells when compared with their non-hypertensive counterparts. However, mothers of babies delivered by elective and emergency caesarean section were about 2-3 times more likely to be hypertensive than those that delivered through spontaneous vertex delivery.Keywords: Hypertension; neonate; gestational age; parity.


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