Deterioration of glomerular endothelial surface layer and the alteration in the renal function after a growth promoter boldenone injection in rabbits

Boldenone is an anabolic steroid developed for veterinary use. Recently, it is used by bodybuilders in both off-season and precontest, where it is well known for increasing vascularity while preparing for a bodybuilding contest. However, the side effect of this steroid on the human health is still unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible effect of the growth promoter, boldenone undecylenate, on the function and structure of the rabbit’s kidneys. A total of 36 adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into 4 groups. Control group includes animals that were injected intramuscularly with olive oil and dissected after 3 weeks. Three experimental groups include animals that receive one, two and three intramuscular injections of 5 mg/kg body weight boldenone, and dissected after 3, 6, and 9 weeks, respectively, and the interval of each dose of boldenone was 3 weeks. The biochemical analysis of the blood serum of treated rabbit showed a significant increase in the total protein, urea and creatinine concentrations, with a significant decrease in albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio. At the same time, a significant glomerulus mass reduction that accompanied with the expression of CD34, a marker for endothelial cells deterioration, was also determined. The incidence of the glomerulosclerosis was significantly increased compared with the control group (0.46 ± 0.05, p < 0.05). The glomerulosclerosis scores were 1.32 ± 0.10, 2.14 ± 0.11 and 3.02 ± 0.09 in groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively. These findings suggest that misuse of the boldenone undecylenate may contribute to the occurrence of a chronic renal injury that may lead to a progressive renal failure.

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Characteristics of neuromuscular block after administration of rocuronium bromide in patients with end-stage renal failure

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh1112765k ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 139 (11-12) ◽

pp. 765-771

Author(s):

Nevena Kalezic ◽

Biljana Krivic ◽

Vladan Zivaljevic ◽

Djordje Ugrinovic ◽

Dijana Jovanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Normal Renal Function ◽

Neuromuscular Block ◽

Onset Time ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Rocuronium Bromide ◽

Duration Time ◽

Development Duration

Introduction. Anaesthesia affects kidney function by reducing the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. As chronic renal failure (CRF) significantly influences drug metabolism and elimination, we studied the effects of rocuronium bromide (RB) in patients with CRF. Objective. The aim of the study was to examine whether, when using RB in patients with CFR, there are differences regarding the onset time of neuromuscular block (NMB) development, duration time, speed of recovery and cumulative effects of RB. Methods. Prospective study included 60 patients who underwent urologic surgery procedures. The patients were divided into 3 groups: the first group (G1) - 20 patients with CRF and residual dieresis, the second group (G2) - 20 patients with CRF and without dieresis, and third group (G3) - 20 patients with normal renal function (control group). During surgery RB was administrated for muscle paralysis in all patients. Train-of-four (TOF) Guard acceleromyography was used for NMB monitoring. Results. Onset time in three groups was 132.3 s; 139.5 s and 113.2 s (r<0.01). Duration of intubation dose was the same in G1 and G2 (28.9 minutes), while in the third group it was 27.2 minutes (r>0.05). The number of RB repeated doses was 3-8, 3-7 and 4-8 (r>0.05). The duration time until spontaneous recovery was 31.8, 31.6 and 29.8 minutes (r>0.01). The recovery index was 16.8, 16.7 and 10.6 minutes (r<0.001). The duration time from the last dose of RB to extubation was 74.5, 74.8 and 58.9 minutes (r<0.001). Conclusion. In patients with CRF the cumulative effect of the drug was registered, with a prolonged recovery time from NMB in relation to the patients with normal renal function.

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Biochemical Analysis of Vitreous Humor in Postmortal Diagnosis of Renal Failure

Journal of New Medical Technologies ◽

10.12737/2726 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 47-49

Author(s):

Терёхина ◽

N. Terekhina ◽

Акимов ◽

Pavel Akimov

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Vitreous Humor ◽

Control Group ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Maximum Content

The content of medium molecular weight peptides and creatinine in serum and vitreous humor from 48 corpses of people suffering from diabetes mellitus during his lifetime and 27 without this disease, formed the control group, were investigated. The presence of renal failure among patients with diabetes mellitus and in the control group was, respectively, in 20 and 15 persons was revealed. The content of serum creatinine in cadaver blood without renal failure was more than 2-2,5 - folds in comparative with living people and was not more than 240 μηΊθΙ/L. The content of serum medium molecular weight peptides in control group was not more than 2,8 g/L, and in the group of diabetes mellitus without renal failure - 2,9 g/L. The obtained results are analogical with data of living people accordingly literature sources. Direct correlation between the content of creatinine, medium molecular weight peptides and vitreous humor and serum are estimated. The maximum content of creatinine and medium molecular weight peptides in vitreous humor were, respectively, 110 μΓηοΙ/L and 0,5 g/L. The values extreme graduated in presents of renal failure as in serum, as in vitreous humor. Thus, in postmortal period appropriate to determine the vitreous humor creatinine and medium molecular weight peptides content for the diagnosis of renal failure.

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Hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs Have Superior Effect in Ameliorating Renal Function on Acute Renal Failure Animal Model

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 305-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Agung Putra ◽

Dannis Pertiwi ◽

Meidona Nurul Milla ◽

Ulfah Dian Indrayani ◽

Durotul Jannah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Animal Model ◽

Renal Function ◽

Acute Renal Failure ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Creatinine Level ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Positive Effects

BACKGROUND: Acute renal failure (ARF) is a serious disease characterised by a rapid loss of renal functions due to nephrotoxic drug or ischemic insult. The clinical treatment approach such as dialysis techniques and continuous renal enhancement have grown rapidly during past decades. However, there is yet no significant effect in improving renal function. Hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (HP-MSCs) have positive effects on the in vitro survival and stemness, in addition to angiogenic potential. AIM: In this study, we aimed to analyse the effect of HP-MSCs administration in improving renal function, characterised by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine level. METHODS: A group of 15 male Wistar rats weighing 250 g to 300 g were used in this study (n = 5 for each group). Rats were randomly distributed into 3 groups: Vehicle control (Veh) as a control group, HP-MSCs and normoxia MSCs (N-MSCs) as the treatment group. Renal function was evaluated based on the BUN and creatinine levels using the colourimetric method on day 5 and 13. The histological analysis using HE staining was performed on day 13. RESULTS: The result showed there is a significant decrease in BUN and creatinine level (p < 0.05). The histological analysis of renal tissue also showed a significant decrease between Veh and treatment group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on this study, we conclude that HP-MSCs have a superior beneficial effect than N-MSCs in improving renal function in an animal model of gentamicin-induced ARF.

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A comparative analysis of high-flux and low-flux dialysis in cervical cancer patients with obstructive renal failure showing no significantly improved renal function after catheterisation

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.37.4.3515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Chen-li Zhang ◽

De-qiong Xie ◽

Li-na Ao ◽

Lei Zhu

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cysteine Protease Inhibitor ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

High Flux ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Obstructive Renal Failure

Objective: This study aims to compare the clinical application value of high-flux dialysis with low-flux dialysis in patients without significantly improved renal function after cervical cancer and obstructive renal failure catheterisation. Methods: This prospective randomised study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019. Eighty cervical cancer patients with obstructive renal failure who showed no significant renal function improvement after catheterisation were randomised into two groups (n = 40 in each group) in the Second People’s Hospital of Yibin City. High-flux and low-flux dialysis were employed in the experimental group and the control group, respectively. Treatments in both groups were provided every other day, with the whole course lasting one week. Data were recorded before and after dialysis included inflammatory factors such as IL-6, CRP and TNF-a, large and moderate molecular toxins (e.g., β2 micro-globulin, parathyrin (PTH) and cysteine protease inhibitor). Renal function changes during the dialysis were also recorded. Afterwards, the two groups were compared regarding the overall efficacy. Results: Both the experimental group and the control group experienced a significant decrease in IL-6, CRP, TNF-a, β2 micro-globulin, PTH and cysteine protease inhibitor, with the decrease in the experimental group being more evident (p < 0.05). After dialysis was completed, the experimental group restored renal function indicators such as Cre, CysC and serum K+ levels more quickly than the control group (p < 0.05). The effective rate was 100% for the experimental group and 87.5% for the control group. The intragroup difference in the efficacy.was significant. Conclusions: High-flux dialysis appears to be more beneficial for cervical cancer patients with obstructive renal failure, showing no significant improvement in renal function after catheterisation. It restored renal function more quickly, had more radical draining of inflammatory factors and large and moderate molecular toxins, and had a higher overall effective rate. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3515 How to cite this:Zhang C, Xie DQ, Ao L, Zhu L. A comparative analysis of high-flux and low-flux dialysis in cervical cancer patients with obstructive renal failure showing no significantly improved renal function after catheterisation. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3515 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Lipoprotein(a) in Chronic Renal Failure

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.2478/v10011-009-0004-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 82-88

Author(s):

Velibor Čabarkapa ◽

Mirjana Đerić ◽

Zoran Stošić ◽

Vladimir Sakač ◽

Sunčica Kojić-Damjanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Serum Concentration ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Chronic Hemodialysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Elevated Concentration ◽

Lipoprotein A

Lipoprotein(a) in Chronic Renal Failure Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic renal failure. Among the parameters contributing to cardiovascular disease development is the elevated serum concentration of lipoprotein(a) diagnosed in these patients, especially in the terminal stage of CRF. However, an elevated concentration of lipoprotein(a) could influence the renal failure progression. The objective of this study is to examine the lipoprotein(a) serum levels in chronic renal failure, and to establish the relation between the stage of renal function preservation and the level of this lipoprotein. In this study 127 subjects were included, divided into three groups. The first group contained 42 subjects (15 females and 27 males) in different CRF stages, the second group contained 32 subjects (7 females and 25 males) on a chronic hemodialysis program, and the control group contained 53 subjects (22 females and 31 males) with regular renal function. The results obtained point to significantly higher frequency of hyper-Lp(a) lipoproteinaemia in dialysed patients compared to the control group, as well as significantly higher Lp(a) values in both groups of patients compared to the control group. It can be concluded that for the risk assessment of premature atherosclerotic changes, but also renal failure progression in patients with CRF, determination of the Lp(a) serum concentration is recommendable.

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Capillary Diffusion Capacity for 131I in Muscles of Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0430545 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 545-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Roztočil ◽

I. Přerovský ◽

P. Novák

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Renal Insufficiency ◽

Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽

Capillary Permeability ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽

Diffusion Capacity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

1. Capillary diffusion capacity (CDC) for 131I in gastrocnemius muscle was investigated by the tissue clearance method of Lassen (1967) in thirty-three patients with various degrees of impairment of renal function. 2. The mean CDC in uraemic patients [16·9 mol/(mol/ml)/100 g/min] was significantly higher than in the control group [7·1 mol/(mol/ml)/100 g/min]. A comparison of patients with renal failure due to chronic glomerulonephritis with those in whom it was due to chronic pyelonephritis showed no significant difference. 3. The most likely interpretation of these observations is that capillary permeability is increased in uraemia.

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Melatonin ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation, proteinuria, and progression of renal damage in rats with renal mass reduction

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00500.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 294 (2) ◽

pp. F336-F344 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Yasmir Quiroz ◽

Atilio Ferrebuz ◽

Freddy Romero ◽

Nosratola D. Vaziri ◽

Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Renal Mass ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Melatonin Treatment ◽

Melatonin Administration ◽

Renal Ablation ◽

Remnant Kidney

The progressive deterioration of renal function and structure resulting from renal mass reduction are mediated by a variety of mechanisms, including oxidative stress and inflammation. Melatonin, the major product of the pineal gland, has potent_antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and its production is impaired in chronic renal failure. We therefore investigated if melatonin treatment would modify the course of chronic renal failure in the remnant kidney model. We studied rats followed 12 wk after renal ablation untreated (Nx group, n = 7) and treated with melatonin administered in the drinking water (10 mg/100 ml) (Nx + MEL group, n = 8). Sham-operated rats ( n = 10) were used as controls. Melatonin administration increased 13–15 times the endogenous hormone levels. Rats in the Nx + MEL group had reduced oxidative stress (malondialdehyde levels in plasma and in the remnant kidney as well as nitrotyrosine renal abundance) and renal inflammation (p65 nuclear factor-κB-positive renal interstitial cells and infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages). Collagen, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-β renal abundance were all increased in the remnant kidney of the untreated rats and were reduced significantly by melatonin treatment. Deterioration of renal function (plasma creatinine and proteinuria) and structure (glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage) resulting from renal ablation were ameliorated significantly with melatonin treatment. In conclusion, melatonin administration improves the course of chronic renal failure in rats with renal mass reduction. Further studies are necessary to define the potential usefulness of this treatment in other animal models and in patients with chronic renal disease.

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Siwu Granules and Erythropoietin Synergistically Ameliorated Anemia in Adenine-Induced Chronic Renal Failure Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/5832105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Yansheng Wu ◽

Qiang Wan ◽

Liqiang Shi ◽

Jiaoying Ou ◽

YingQiao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Hemoglobin Content ◽

End Stage

Objective. Renal anemia in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease is closely related to the deterioration of cardiac function, renal function, and quality of life. This study involved adenine-induced renal anemic rat models and evaluated the treatment effect of Siwu granules and/or erythropoietin (EPO). Methods. Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, model, Siwu, EPO, and Siwu plus EPO groups. The expression levels of NO, MDA, SOD, CAT, IL-6, TNF-α, EPO, EPOR, α-SMA, and TGF-β1 were detected in rats after 8 weeks of treatment with Siwu granules and/or EPO. Results. After modeling, 47 rats entered the stage of treatment. Siwu plus EPO treatment significantly increased the rat hemoglobin content (p<0.05) and reduced blood urea nitrogen (p<0.05) and serum creatinine (p<0.001). Compared with the control group, the expression of EPO and EPOR in the kidney of rats with renal failure was significantly decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, the Siwu plus EPO group improved the level of oxidative stress in rats with chronic renal failure and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors. The expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in rats with renal failure was higher, but there was no expression in the control group. Conclusion. Combined treatment of Siwu granules with EPO increased the expression of EPO and EPOR in the renal tissues and inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory factors, improving the renal function and anemia.

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The efficacy of cystatin C assay in the prediction of glomerular filtration rate. Is it a more reliable marker for renal failure?

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm.2005.144 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 43 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Zerrin Bicik ◽

Talat Bahcebasi ◽

Sevsen Kulaksızoglu ◽

Ozlem Yavuz

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Creatinine Clearance ◽

Cystatin C ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Control Group ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Receiver Operating

AbstractWe determined the sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristics and correlation between cystatin C (cysC) and two widely used markers of renal function, creatinine clearance and serum creatinine, in 244 patients (84 diabetics, 84 hypertensive and 76 healthy subjects). Renal failure was defined as creatinine clearance of less than either 80 or 60mL/min. Variables were evaluated for two definitions of renal failure and compared between patient groups. Correlation coefficients with cysC were −0.87 for creatinine clearance and 0.92 for creatinine in patients with hypertension; −0.90 for creatinine clearance and 0.97 for creatinine in diabetics; and −0.61 for creatinine clearance and 0.94 for creatinine in the control group. The receiver operating characteristic curves with a cut-off value of 60mL/min were similar for creatinine and cysC, while at 80mL/min they were 0.626 for creatinine and 0.813 for cysC levels. We classified the patients into three groups with respect to creatinine clearance (1, >80mL/min; 2, 60–80mL/min; 3, <60mL/min). Mean creatinine (p<0.0001) and cysC (p<0.0001) levels were significantly different between all the groups. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were higher for cysC levels, particularly in diabetics and hypertensive patients. The current study suggests that cysC is preferable for detecting temporal changes in renal function in the early stages of renal insufficiency.

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