scholarly journals The role of motivated science reception and numeracy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 096366252110479
Author(s):  
Fabian Hutmacher ◽  
Regina Reichardt ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Current State ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
State Of Research

The successful management of the COVID-19 pandemic depends on individuals accepting the current state of research and adhering to the preventive behaviors that follow from it. However, the processing of scientific results is not always rational, but influenced by prior attitudes as well as the ability to understand statistical data. Against this background, this study investigated the role of motivated reasoning and numeracy in the context of the current pandemic. To this end, participants ( N = 417; US sample) evaluated two fictitious studies, one indicating that mask mandates in schools are an effective intervention to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, and one indicating that mask mandates in schools are counterproductive. Participants evaluated the studies in line with their prior attitude toward mask mandates. In addition, higher numeracy was associated with decreased bias, demonstrating that the ability to reason with numbers can lead to more accurate processing of statistical information.

scholarly journals Financial leasing as financial and credit support for investment activities of enterprises

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Tetiana Vasylieva ◽  
Liudmyla Zakharkina ◽  
Oleksii Zakharkin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Financial Leasing ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Rationale

The purpose of the article is to provide scientific rationale of the place and role of financial leasing in financial and credit support for investment activities of enterprises. The subject matter of the research includes various aspects of the current state of financial leasing and ways of its advancement in Ukraine. The article provides an analysis of investment activities based on the volume of investments in Ukraine and determines the role of financial leasing as a funding for investment resources of enterprises. The paper also examines the legal and regulatory framework for financial leasing operations and highlights different interpretations of this form of financing as well as its formal indicators. An analysis of statistical data on the financial and credit market provides important insights into trends of financial leasing contracts and the volume of loans issued to corporate borrowers, and thus makes it possible to conclude that there is a lack of leasing operations in business activities of entities. The point is mainly supported by the fact that financial leasing contracts which have been made lately are not widespread enough after the crisis in 2014. The dynamics of changes in the volume of leasing contracts by dates of signing is considered, and it is found that there is a tendency to shortening the duration of financial leasing services. An industry factor of providing financial leasing services is taken into consideration and the main industries where these services are widespread are described. The existing approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of leasing contracts are systematized. The key challenges that hinder the growth of leasing in Ukraine are identified. The research methods used in the article include: analysis, synthesis and abstraction (for forming the rationale and developing the terminological and conceptual framework of the study); comparison, systematization and logical generalization (for examining the concept of financial leasing, its legal regulation and specific features of using in Ukraine); statistical, structural and comparative analysis (for exploring ways of advancement of financial leasing in Ukraine).

scholarly journals Role of viruses in biliary atresia: news from mice and men

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Petersen ◽  
Omid Madadi-Sanjani
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Biliary Tree ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Kasai Procedure ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Oriented Approach

AbstractBiliary atresia (BA) is still an enigmatic disease of unknown etiology and cryptic pathomechanism. Despite the fact that BA is rated among rare diseases, it represents the most frequent indication for pediatric liver transplantation. Although every effort is made to elucidate the origin of the ongoing deterioration of liver function, no breakthrough has so far been achieved, which switches the surgical but symptomatic therapy to a cause-oriented approach. The nowadays leading hypothesis focuses on hepatotropic virus as a triggering agent for an autoimmunological self-limiting inflammatory process along the entire biliary tree. The present review highlights the current state of research on the factor “viruses in biliary atresia” in both patients undergoing the Kasai procedure and the virus-induced BA mouse model.

scholarly journals Developing a Chronology Integrating Archaeological and Environmental Data from Different Contexts: The Late Holocene Sequence of Ounjougou (Mali)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Ozainne ◽  
Laurent Lespez ◽  
Yann Le Drezen ◽  
Barbara Eichhorn ◽  
Katharina Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anthropogenic Fires ◽  
Holocene Stratigraphy ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
A Site

At Ounjougou, a site complex situated in the Yamé River valley on the Bandiagara Plateau (Dogon country, Mali), multidisciplinary research has revealed a rich archaeological and paleoenvironmental sequence used to reconstruct the history of human-environment interactions, especially during the Late Holocene (3500–300 cal BC). Geomorphological, archaeological, and archaeobotanical data coming from different sites and contexts were combined in order to elaborate a chronocultural and environmental model for this period. Bayesian analysis of 54 14C dates included within the general Late Holocene stratigraphy of Ounjougou provides better accuracy for limits of the main chronological units, as well as for some particularly important events, like the onset of agriculture in the region. The scenario that can be proposed in the current state of research shows an increasing role of anthropogenic fires from the 3rd millennium cal BC onwards, and the appearance of food production during the 2nd millennium cal BC, coupled with a distinctive cultural break. The Late Holocene sequence ends around 300 cal BC with an important sedimentary hiatus that lasts until the end of the 4th century cal AD.

Role of the music therapy in neurorehabilitation of patients with disorders of consciousness – looking for rules of evidence based practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
T. Komendziński ◽  
E. Mikołajewska ◽  
D. Mikołajewski ◽  
J. Dreszer ◽  
B. Bałaj
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
High Level ◽  
Minimally Conscious

Neurological early and long-term rehabilitation plays a crucial role in the therapy of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) such as unresponsive wakefulness syndrome or minimally conscious state. Neuroscience tries to explain the effect of music therapy on all levels of the nervous system = activity in patients with DOC, but full understanding is still incomplete. This paper attempts to answer how current clinical outcomes may reflect the influence of various factors including music's capacity. Based on their interdisciplinary perspective and previous experiences, the authors try to investigate the extent to which current occupations have been explored. The authors analyzed the literature data concerning the results of the studies published until the first half of 2016, to sum up the current state of research. Research in the main databases: PubMed, PEDro, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition was made using specified keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Next, the authors sorted them all out into a coherent view of the current state. Music listening may constitute a part of an enriched environment setting. However, due to weak evidence, the therapeutic value of music-based interventions in patients with DOC is uneven or limited. The role of music therapy is thus complementary. Standardized clinical settings, protocols, and behavioral measures should be developed to increase its clinical validity, reliability, sensitivity, and objectivity. There is a reasonable hypothesis that music may produce a high level of diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes as stimuli usually reflecting strong personal meaning in patients with DOC.

scholarly journals The environment of intrafamilial offenders – A systematic review of dynamics in incestuous families

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Alexa Pusch ◽  
Thomas Ross ◽  
María Isabel Fontao
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Core Characteristics

The aim of this study was to identify family characteristics and dynamics relevant to the initiation and maintenance of intrafamilial child sexual abuse. An understanding of essential characteristics of the affected families could help to prevent such crimes. In order to provide an overview of the current state of research, a literature review based on the PRISMA criteria was conducted. For the research in the databases PsycInfo and PSYNDEX, predetermined criteria and search terms were used. Fifteen relevant articles from 1991 to 2020 were identified. The studies examined perpetrator-victim relationships, the role of the mother, the relationship between the parents and characteristics of the families in which child sexual abuse took place. Relevant core characteristics of incestuous families are dysfunctional, violent, and conflictual relationships between the parents, and between parents and children. However, these factors are often not specific to intrafamilial abuse. Only six articles published after 2000 were identified. Little evidence for each individual construct was found, so the effects should not be overestimated. Further research on intrafamilial child sexual abuse is necessary.

scholarly journals TO THE STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF TRIGGERING THE PLACEBO EFFECT: PLACEBO AND AUTO-SUGGESTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
A.V. Khaikin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Positive Expectation ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Research

The current state of research on the placebo effect is considered. The task is set to develop the idea of the role of positive expectation in the mechanism of placebo implementation. A number of assumptions concerning the nature of placebo and approaches to its study are put forward. Consideration of the effect in its linear structure can contribute to the study of the nature of the placebo. It is useful to understand this phenomenon as consisting of a stage of psychological triggering and a stage of psychosomatic and physiological implementation. In turn, it is useful to consider the first of them as consisting of a preliminary stage of forming a positive (or negative – with nocebo) expectation, confidence in a certain effect of a placebo agent, and the stage of actually triggering a placebo. When implementing the placebo effect, the active expectation of a certain internal process and its result activates the mechanism of auto-suggestion, within which the expected is realized. The placebo is triggered by the implementation of one of the types of autosuggestion process, which does not presuppose any purposeful actions of the subject, for example, orders addressed to the unconscious. A significant part of the studies of the placebo effect nature can be carried out within the framework of the study of the mechanisms and patterns of this way of autosuggestion, which is triggered by the confident active expectation of the subject in the onset of certain internal changes. It is clear that such studies can be carried out in contexts other than those of placebo and nocebo implementation, for example, neutral in relation to the physical and emotional state and make their conduct not burdened with ethical problems. Which, of course, can significantly contribute to the intensification of the study of the placebo nature. It is concluded that the proposed concept develops the thesis about the necessary role of positive expectation in the implementation of the placebo effect, explaining the role of expectation in the mechanism of its launch. Understanding the mechanism of the placebo effect as a mechanism for self-suggestion will significantly simplify the conditions for experimental studies of placebo patterns and creates a context for further research.

Mastocytosis-induced osteoporosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
D. Percic ◽  
U. Maus ◽  
A. A. Kurth ◽  
G. S. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Systemic Mastocytosis ◽  
Secondary Osteoporosis ◽  
Vertebral Collapse ◽  
Skeletal Involvement ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Possible Cause

Summary Background: Systemic mastocytosis is a rare disease characterised by accumulation of mast cells in at least one extracutaneous organ, including bone marrow. It is increasingly recognized as a possible cause of secondary osteoporosis. We conducted a literature review on the role of mast cells in osteoporosis including data/peer reviewed articles/ journals from 1957 to 2012. Our aim was to evaluate the current state of research and to offer an overview of current therapeutic options/measures/treatments. Methods: A retrospective review of peer r eviewed/published literature was performed using MEDLINE databases from 1957 to 2012. The keywords “osteoporosis” and “mast cells/mastocytosis” revealed 201 articles, limi ted to English and German articles. The following criteria were included: studies on, or case studies of either mastocytosis induced osteoporosis, or the role of mast cells in osteoporosis or the relation of bone remodeling and mastocytosis. Results/Conclusion: Mast cells seem to play an important role in bone turnover. Their byproducts are responsible for increased bone resorption. However, the skeletal involvement is mainly situated in trabecular bone, which determines vertebral collapse. This review increases the awareness that patients with systemic mastocytosis would benefit from diagnostic workup with regard to bone health, as this rather rare cause of secondary osteoporosis can lead to significantly high rates of mortality.

scholarly journals Cyber-Physical Systems In Construction For Sustainable Urban Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 01019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Volkov ◽  
Liubov Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Definition Of

The article reviews the current state of research works in the field of cyber-physical systems development in conjunction with «smart house» technology. The authors have collected statistical data on the articles and the papers about cyber-physical systems in construction from 2009 to 2019, which are presented in data base SCOPUS. These publications were analysed by the authors and as the result the countries leader in this field of studying were identified. The authors formulate a definition of a building cyber-physical system and determine the operating conditions of such systems. Finally, further research objectives were identified by the researchers.

Institutional characteristics of education systems and inequalities: Introduction II

2021 ◽  
pp. 002071522110615
Author(s):  
Christiane Gross ◽  
Andreas Hadjar ◽  
Laura Zapfe
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Comparative Sociology ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
State Of Research

The second special issue of International Journal of Comparative Sociology (IJCS) on the role of education systems as institutional settings on the reproduction of inequalities includes three papers that focus on stratification of the education system as key driver of educational inequalities, the role of digital inequalities in the school and beyond, as well as how students navigate through the institutional setting of the Taiwanese education system. While we already elaborated on the research program, conceptual framework, and methodological challenges in the first introduction (published in January 2021), we will deal with the current state-of-research in this second introduction.

The Shugden-Controversy in Contemporary Mongolia

Inner Asia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-349
Author(s):  
Mungunchimeg Batmunkh
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research

Abstract Since the political upheavals in Mongolia in 1989, the traditional Tibetan-Mongolian protective deity Dorj-Shugden has been rediscovered. Today the Buddhist monasteries Delgeriin khiid, Amarbayasgalant Monastery and Tögsbayasgalant töv venerate him. This paper analyses the role of this deity with particular emphasis on Gungaachoilinig datsan in Gandandegchilin and the Amarbayasgalant Monastery in Mongolia, based on ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews with monks from six monasteries and visitors of Amarbayasgalant conducted in 2016, 2019 and 2020. The paper also outlines the current state of research, including recent Mongolian literature. Finally, it presents findings about him sourced from social media. By exploring pro- and anti-Shugden religious practices, this article sheds some light on the Shugden controversy in contemporary Mongolian Buddhism.

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