Effect of Preheating and Post-Curing Time on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 096369351302200
Author(s):  
Mostefa Bourchak ◽  
Adnan Khan ◽  
Khalid A. Juhany
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Cure Cycle ◽  
Static Tensile

The purpose of this study is to compare the mechanical properties in the form of ultimate tensile strength, ultimate tensile strain and Young's modulus of an epoxy resin at different curing cycles. The work carried out consisted of investigating the effect of preheating time and then the effect of post-curing time at the same temperature. Five repeats of static tensile tests were then carried out using universal test machine. Results indicated that compared to a shorter epoxy resin preheat duration of 15 min at 80°C, a longer duration of 30 min at 80°C of preheating degrades the material ultimate tensile strength and ultimate tensile strain leading to a suffer material. However, compared to no further post-curing of the epoxy resin, a two-hour post-cure duration at 80°C slightly increased the ultimate tensile strength and significantly decreased the ultimate tensile strain making the material even suffer than in the case of preheating. The implication is that in-house cure cycle tests should be carried out to characterize the resin instead of exclusively relying on resin manufacturer proposed cure cycles.

scholarly journals Effect of welding sequence and welding current on distortion, mechanical properties and metallurgical observations of orbital pipe welding on SS 316L

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (12 (110)) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Agus Widyianto ◽  
Ario Sunar Baskoro ◽  
Gandjar Kiswanto ◽  
Muhamad Fathin Ginanjar Ganeswara
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Welding Sequence ◽  
Pipe Welding

Orbital pipe welding was often used to manufacture piping systems. In orbital pipe welding, a major challenge is the welding torch’s position during the welding process, so that additional methods are needed to overcome these challenges. This paper discusses the influence of welding sequence and welding current on distortion, mechanical properties and metallurgical observations in orbital pipe welding with SS 316L pipe square butt joints. The variation of the orbital pipe welding parameters used is welding current and welding sequence. The welding current used is 100 A, 110 A, and 120 A, while the welding sequence used is one sequence, two sequences, three sequences, and four sequences. The welding results will be analyzed from distortion measurement, mechanical properties test and metallurgical observations. Distortion measurements are made on the pipe before welding and after welding. Testing of mechanical properties includes tensile tests and microhardness tests, while metallurgical observations include macrostructure and microstructural observations. The results show that maximum axial distortion, transverse distortion, ovality, and taper occurred at a welding current of 120 A with four sequences of 445 µm, 300 µm, 195 µm, and 275 µm, respectively. The decrease in ultimate tensile strength is 51 % compared to the base metal’s ultimate tensile strength. Horizontal and vertical microhardness tests show that welding with one sequence produces the greatest microhardness value, but there is a decrease in the microhardness value using welding with two to four sequences. Orbital pipe welding results in different depths of penetration at each pipe position. The largest and smallest depth of penetration was 4.11 mm and 1.60 mm, respectively

Mechanical Properties of PP/clay Nanocomposites Prepared from Masterbatch: Effect of Nanoclay Loadings and Re-Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Achmad Chafidz ◽  
Cholila Tamzysi ◽  
Lilis Kistriyani ◽  
Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas ◽  
Dhoni Hartanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Molding Machine ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Twin Screw

PP/clay nanocomposites samples of 1st and 2nd cycles (recycle) and different nanoclay loadings (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 wt%) samples were made by utilizing twin-screw extruder and injection molding machine. The samples were then characterized using a tensile test machine. The tensile tests results showed that modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the nanocomposites samples for both 1st and 2nd cycles were all higher than the neat PP, and increased with increasing nanoclay loadings. The enhancements of modulus of elasticity (as compared to the neat PP) for 1st cycle of the nanocomposites were about 38.08%, 49.33%, and 78.65% for NC-5-I, NC-10-I, and NC-15-I, respectively. Whereas, for the 2nd cycle of the nanocomposites were about 44.33%, 59.59%, and 84.69% for NC-5-II, NC-10-II, and NC-15-I, respectively. This indicated that the incorporation of nanoclay in the PP matrix significantly increased mechanical properties, especially modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the nanocomposites. Additionally, values of modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of 1st cycle and 2nd cycle of PP/clay nanocomposites were compared by plotting them in two graphs. The plots revealed that reprocessing of the nanocomposites did not significantly influence the mechanical properties of the nancomposites.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Mg-0.5Si-xSn Alloys

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Xuesong Fu ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
QuanYang Ma ◽  
Xiaodong Peng ◽  
Tiancai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Extrusion Ratio ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Elevated Temperature Performance ◽  
Si Content

AbstractMg-0.5Si-xSn (x=0.95, 2.9, 5.02wt.%) alloys were cast and extruded at 593K (320oC) with an extrusion ratio of 25. The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and extruded test alloys were investigated by OM, SEM, XRD and tensile tests. The experimental results indicate that the microstructure of the Mg-0.5Si-xSn alloys consists of primary α-Mg dendrites and an interdendritic eutectic containing α-Mg, Mg2Si and Mg2Sn. There is no coarse primary Mg2Si phase in the test alloys due to low Si content. With the increase in the Sn content, the Mg2Si phase was refined. The shape of Mg2Si phase was changed from branch to short bar, and the size of them were reduced. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of Mg-0.52Si-2.9Sn alloy at the temperature of 473K (200oC) reach 133MPa and 112MPa respectively. Refined eutectic Mg2Si phase and dispersed Mg2Sn phase with good elevated temperature stability are beneficial to improve the elevated temperature performance of the alloys. However, with the excess addition of Sn, large block-like Mg2Sn appears around the grain boundary leading to lower mechanical properties.

Influence of Yb Modification on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A356.2 Aluminum Alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Chen Zhang ◽  
Jin Feng Leng ◽  
Chen Xue Li ◽  
Xin Ying Teng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fracture Analysis ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Electronic Microscope ◽  
Better Than

A356.2 aluminum alloy (Al–7Si–0.35Mg) has been widely used in automotive and aircraft industries. Previous studies found that the metamorphism effect of rare earth is better than other type of elements because of long modification time and good stability. The influence of Yb addition (0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%) and T6 heat treatment on A356.2 alloy has been investigated in this work. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the specimen after T6 treatment were examined by optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope and tensile tests. Experimental results showed that Yb could reduce the size of α-Al and change the Si morphology from needle-like to fine spheroidal particles. With the increase of Yb content, the ultimate tensile strength increased gradually. When adding 0.4%Yb, the alloy achieved the highest ultimate tensile strength (252 MPa) and hardness (97.3HB), 10.12% and 37.66% higher than the alloy with no Yb addition. Tensile fracture analysis showed that the fracture mechanism for A356.2 aluminum alloy after T6 treatment is transgranular/intergranular mixed mode of fracture.

The Study on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Heat Rolled and Solution-Treated Fe-26Mn-6Al-1C Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 1530-1533
Author(s):  
Ming Li Huang ◽  
Hua Ying Li ◽  
Hua Ding
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Hot Rolled

In the present work, mechanical properties and microstructures of hot-rolled and solution-treated Fe-26Mn-6Al-1C steel (6Al steel) were investigated. Tensile tests were carried out at room temperature. The samples were characterized by using XRD, OM, SEM and TEM. The results suggested that the microstructure of the hot rolled 6Al steel was fully austenitic. After solution treatment and deformation, the microstructure was still single austenite. With the increase of the solution treatment temperatures, the strength decreased and the elongation increased. After solution treated at 1100°C for 1h, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation were 378MPa, 756MPa and 57%.

scholarly journals Influence of printing direction on 3D printed ABS specimens

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Nassim Markiz ◽  
Eszter Horváth ◽  
Péter Ficzere
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Complex Objects ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Direction

AbstractIn the recent years, additive manufacturing became an interesting topic in many fields due to the ease of manufacturing complex objects. However, it is impossible to determine the mechanical properties of any additive manufacturing parts without testing them. In this work, the mechanical properties with focus on ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of 3D printed acrylonitrile butadi-ene styrene (ABS) specimens were investigated. The tensile tests were carried using Zwick Z005 loading machine with a capacity of 5KN according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638 standard test methods for tensile properties of plastics. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of printing direction on the mechanical properties of the printed specimens. Thus, for each printing direction ( and ), five specimens were printed. Tensile testing of the 3D printed ABS specimens showed that the printing direction made the strongest specimen at an ultimate tensile strength of 22 MPa while at printing direction it showed 12 MPa. No influence on the modulus of elasticity was noticed. The experimental results are presented in the manuscript.

Cellular Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Directionally Solidified Al-1.0wt%Fe Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 564-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro R. Goulart ◽  
J.E. Spinelli ◽  
F. Bertelli ◽  
Wislei R.R. Osório ◽  
Noé Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Direct Chill ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Cell Spacing ◽  
Equilibrium Solidification

Upward directional transient solidification experiments have been carried out with an Al-1.0wt%Fe alloy. Tensile tests were carried out with samples collected along the casting length and these results have been correlated with measured cell spacings, since cellular growth has prevailed along the directionally solidified casting. The resulting mechanical properties include ultimate tensile strength, yield tensile strength and elongation. The used casting assembly was designed in such a way that the heat was extracted only through the water-cooled system at bottom of the casting. During non-equilibrium solidification, typical of DC (direct chill) castings, different cooling rates occur from the casting cooled surface up to the top of the casting, causing the formation of metastable intermetallic phases (AlmFe, Al6Fe, etc) in addition to the stable Al3Fe phase. The extensive presence of plate-like Al3Fe phase in the as-cast structure adversely influences the mechanical properties of Al-Fe alloys, since this morphology is more likely to induce microcracks than the fibrous Al6Fe phase. In order to permit an appropriate characterization of these intermetallic phases, they were extracted from the aluminum-rich matrix by using a dissolution technique. These phases were then investigated by optical microscopy and SEM techniques. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation increase with decreasing cell spacing and experimental laws correlating cell spacing and these mechanical properties have been established.

Stereolithography process optimization for tensile strength improvement of products

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kazemi ◽  
Abdolreza Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Stereolithography (SLA) is a broadly used technology in the field of rapid prototyping. One of the disadvantages of SLA is poor mechanical properties of its products. To approach the mechanical properties of original part, the mechanical properties of SLA part, such as tensile strength, should be optimized. In this process, there are many parameters that affect the tensile strength of parts. However, the “layer thickness”, “fabrication orientation” and “post curing time” are the most significant ones. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of these parameters on tensile strength of SLA parts. Design/methodology/approach According to the obtained results from experiments based on the “full factorial” method, an empirical equation was developed for the tensile strength in terms of the effective parameters by using regression analysis. Considering this empirical equation, the process parameters were optimized to maximize the tensile strength by using genetic algorithm. Finally, the tensile tests of the specimens were simulated via the general-purpose finite element package of ABAQUS. Findings The outputs of the numerical simulations were in good agreement with experimental results. Both experimental and numerical results show that the increase of layer thickness and the decrease in post curing time increase the tensile strength. Furthermore, the tensile strength of parts produced in vertical orientation is higher than that of parts produced in horizontal orientation. Originality/value This is a complete study about the tensile strength of the SLA parts from experimental and analytical viewpoints.

scholarly journals Modified Osgood Equation for Acacia Mangium

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Static Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Wood Grain

The purpose of this study is to identify the Osgood’s coefficient of species and the Modified Osgood Equation for Acacia mangium. Acacia mangium trees were cut to produce oven-dried Small Clear Specimens that were then tested until fracture. Results were gathered from static tensile tests in the direction parallel (0° angle), perpendicular (90° angle) and at 30° angle to the wood grain. All test results confirmed that the Acacia mangium wood is brittle as there was no obvious necking observed on the test specimens. From the static testing, the Osgood’s coefficient of species for Acacia mangium, (a), is identified algebraically to be 0.49. Acacia mangium, by nature, has a significant difference in the strengths parallel and perpendicular to the grain line. The finalized results of the Ultimate Tensile Strength for 15-year old Acacia mangium demonstrated that the Ultimate Tensile Strength in parallel and perpendicular to the grain directions are 143.87 MPa and 6.32 MPa respectively, while the Ultimate Tensile Strength at 30° grain angle is 32.985 MPa. An extreme reduction of 95.6% of the Ultimate Tensile Strength was identified between 0° and 90° grain angles with a decreased value from 143.87 MPa to 6.32 MPa.

Production from PLA Materials Processed Vertically by FDM Method RP Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Anton Panda ◽  
Ema Nováková-Marcinčinová ◽  
Ľudmila Nováková-Marcinčinová ◽  
Tibor Krenický ◽  
Tadeusz Zaborowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Material Sample

The article is focused on the aspects in samples production of sophisticated material – PLA - PolyLacticAcid, PLA plastic. The main part of the work focuses on experimental production and testing of PLA material - PolyLacticAcid plastic, printed on RepRap 3D device that works on the "open source" principle. The article presents the outcomes of test materials in the form of measurement protocols recorded in the software, the measured values ​​in a static tensile test, marked down in tables and shown in work graphs. The article describes selected and carried out tests of mechanical properties of PLA plastics extruded in different directions in this case carried out vertically by FDM rapid prototyping method of two PLA materials such as pure without additives blended with blue dye. The tests are mainly focused on the determination of ultimate tensile strength. Based on the results obtained, the samples made of two PLA materials were compared in the end to establish which produced PLA material sample is stronger. There are outputs in the form of logs, charts and tables that provide information about the executed tests and comparisons, which were made by the authors.

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