Mortality Trend in a Rapidly Developing Economy in Taiwan Part II: Life Expectancy and “Potential Years of Life Lost”

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan P Tsai ◽  
CP Wen ◽  
JP Guo ◽  
SF Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Care Planning ◽  
Mortality Trend ◽  
Health Care Planning ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Target Prevention

Taiwan has made remarkable economic progress in the last 30 years. The life expectancy of its population improved steadily during this period. A male child born in 1983 could look forward to 70.4 years of life and a female child to 75.3 years, gains of 17.5 years and 19.0 years, respectively, since 1950. The potential gains in life expectancy of the Taiwan population are also examined if the five leading causes of death are reduced or eliminated. In addition, this paper discusses the concept of potential productive years of life lost (PYLL), examines the leading causes of premature death and shows how this measure can be used to target prevention programs and health care planning.

scholarly journals Potential years of life lost as an indicator of public health in the Republic of Srpska

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darijana Antonić ◽  
Mirjana Martinov Cvejin ◽  
Risto Kozomara
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Republic

Mortality is one of the important indicators of health status of the population, especially the knowledge of causes of death that give the full picture in the analysis of certain diseases. Assessment of health status of the population is not only new ideas but also a new concept in health care. In other words, the assessment of health status should be the first step and a prerequisite for continued systematic and planned work to improve both their health and overall health care system, or work on their reform. Given these facts, this article through the data on mortality as an indicator of the health status of the population indicated the state of his health and efficiency through the use of prevention programs potential years of life lost due to premature death. The five-year period of observation in the Republic of Srpska largest number of potential years of life lost due to diseases of the circulatory system, malignant diseases, then injuries, poisoning and the influence of external factors, diseases of the digestive systems and diseases of glands with internal secretion, nutrition and metabolism.

Patterns and volumes of formation of economic loss and social burden due to the mortality of patients with schizophrenia

10.12737/7373 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Масякин ◽  
A. Masyakin
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Social Burden

To evaluate the overall economic losses from premature mortality of patients with schizophrenia in psychiatric hospitals of Moscow; evaluate the economic and social burden (at a sufficiently representative sample) mortality of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and able to work at the time of death engaged in labor activities. The contribution of men and women in economic damage in spite of the fact that the ratio of the dead men and women in the study sample was 1: 1.7, the contribution to the overall economic impact of male mortality was significantly greater (ratio 2.5: 1). Economic damage for 5 years from the premature death of patients, potentially employed in the economy amounted to RUB 449,451,416.0. In recalculation per 1000 people per year – 936.4 million. Rubles. Was used by one of the two components of the index DALY: Years of Life Lost (YLL) – years lost (lost) life – the difference between life expectancy and the age at which the individual died. The obtained results were statistically significant and correlated with literature data (YLL rate averaged 15.7 years, the number of nedozhityh to life expectancy for males had an average of 4.4 years longer than in women (18.8 and 14.4, respectively)).

scholarly journals Inequalities in changing mortality and life expectancy in Jiading District, Shanghai, 2002–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Peng ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Hongjie Yu ◽  
Yueqin Shao ◽  
Ying Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Mortality Trend ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate

Abstract Background Improvements of population health in China have been unevenly distributed among different sexes and regions. Mortality Registration System provides an opportunity for timely assessments of mortality trend and inequalities. Methods Causes of death were reclassified following the method of Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD). Age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and ring-map of the rate by town were used to describe inequalities in changing mortality. Life expectancy (LE) and cause-deleted LE were calculated on the basis of life table technique. Results The burden of death from 2002 to 2018 was dominated by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neoplasms, chronic respiratory diseases and injuries in Jiading district, accounting for almost 80% of total deaths. The overall ASMR dropped from 407.6/100000 to 227.1/100000, and LE increased from 77.86 years to 82.31 years. Women lived about 3.0–3.5 years longer than men. Besides, a cluster of lower LE was found for CVD in the southeast corner and one cluster for neoplasms in the southern corner of the district. The largest individual contributor to increment in LE was neoplasms, ranged from 2.41 to 3.63 years for males, and from 1.60 to 2.36 years for females. Conclusions Improvement in health was mainly attributed to the decline of deaths caused by CVD and neoplasms, but was distributed with sex and town. This study served as a reflection of health inequality, is conducive to formulate localized health policies and measures.

scholarly journals A comparative study on indirect costs of suicide in Portugal: productivity loss as an additional way to approach healthcare prioritization

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Neto ◽  
C Carvalho ◽  
P Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Productivity Costs ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Lost Productivity

Abstract Background Suicide and voluntary self-harm (SVSA) accounted for 0.95% of all deaths in Portugal in 2017. Economic evaluation includes indirect costs analysis, relating to Years of Life Lost (YLL) and premature death. This study aimed to estimate and compare the indirect costs from loss of productivity due to SVSA and 12 other causes of death in 2017. Methods YLL were adapted to the working age (18–66 years-old) ‘Years of Productivity Lost’ (YPL) adjusting the groups 15–19 years-old and under, and disregarding the ages over 66 years-old. The causes of death were based on the European Shortlist. The loss of productivity from deaths was estimated from the YPL and the ‘Apparent Productivity of Work’, with an annual discount rate of 3%, translated into % of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2017. The calculations were performed for the SVSA and for 12 causes of death selected from national Priority Health Programs. The INE and Pordata databases for the year 2017 were used. Calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel for Office 365 software version 2102. Results The estimated costs from loss of productivity by SLAV deaths in 2017 represented approximately 0.16% of GDP. It is the third highest among the 13 causes of death analyzed, ranking behind malignant neoplasm of larynx/trachea/bronchi/lung and ischaemic heart disease. Conclusions Prioritization of health resources may benefit by integrating lost productivity concepts with other indicators. Limitations include predictable increase of retirement age in the future and the oversimplified calculation of productivity costs. Future studies may include sensitivity assessments and other relevant variables.

scholarly journals Data inputs and assumptions in calculating the fatal burden in burden of disease studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E von der Lippe ◽  
I Grant ◽  
B Devleesschauwer
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
Standard Life

Abstract Years of Life Lost (YLL) is a measure of premature mortality used in the calculation of the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), as well as stand-alone measure in itself. The concept of years of life lost is to estimate the length of time a person is expected to have lived had they not died prematurely. The YLL is based on comparing the age of death to an external standard life expectancy curve, and can incorporate time discounting and age weighting. Furthermore, YLL can be calculated for specific causes of death. In this way the indicator can be used to compare the relative importance of different causes of premature death within a particular population. Thus, it can be used by health planners to define priorities for the prevention interventions. The process of calculating a YLL involves several components and this presentation will provide a sequential walk through each step in the YLL calculation, including causes of death statisticsdefinition of ill-defined deathsmethods of redistribution of ill-defined deathsthe use of life tablessocial weighting The aim of this presentation is to outline a simple step by step guide on the key components in the YLL calculation. Using the real-life example of cerebrovascular disease, the presentation will outline the key choices and assumptions that underline each data inputs in the YLL calculation. Participants in this session will also be provided with links to resources to help facilitate this decision making process. The workshop will end with an interactive session where the presenters will discuss the implications of the different methodological choices with the audience.

scholarly journals Potential years of life lost in Campinas-Brazil between 2000-2017 due to external causes of death

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Komoda ◽  
M R B Fernández ◽  
R C Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
The Poor ◽  
External Causes Of Death ◽  
External Causes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Potential Years of Life Lost indicator is an alternative to the use of traditional indicators to evaluate impacts of external causes of death for its ability to evaluate the magnitude of premature death. This study aims to evaluate the impact in the PYLL of premature deaths due to external causes in Campinas, between 2000 and 2017, and to show selectiveness of violence targeting the poor. We performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study describing the PYLL due to external causes in the city of Campinas between 2000 and 2017. Amongst the variables studied, focus was given to the Human Development Index by Neighborhood (HDIN) of each individual (obtained by relating addresses to the official HDIN census), to evaluate impact of poverty in PYLL, mainly in homicides. A total of 12175 people died from external causes between 2000 and 2017. The distribution of the PYLL in the year 2000 indicated a loss of 35.8 years for every 1000 inhabitants with a high decrease until 2005 to an average of 17.45 from 2005 to 2017. Although we observed this decrease in PYLL, analysis by social strata shows disparities between PYLL of the rich and poor. When all external causes were considered, low and very low-HDI population had the most significant PYLL (27 and 30.3 respectively) compared to high and very high-HDI population (18.3 and 9.9 respectively), and when only homicides were taken into account, an even greater disparity was observed between the lower-HDI and higher-HDI stratas (overall average of 16.55 and 5.55 respectively). Through PYLL analysis, we could observe the selectiveness of violence towards the low and very low-HDI population, which shows that, public policies that aim improve population health cannot be restricted to health sectors, but also include socio-economic actions against social inequalities and income concentration. Key messages Although external causes of death seems to be decreasing in Campinas, violence seems to target the poor. Any policy that aims to prevent violent causes of death must necessarily take into account social disparities.

scholarly journals Mongolia health situation: based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Odgerel Chimed-Ochir ◽  
Vanya Delgermaa ◽  
Ken Takahashi ◽  
Oyuntsetseg Purev ◽  
Amarzaya Sarankhuu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth

Abstract Background Over the past few decades, economic, political, and social changes have directly and indirectly affected the health of the Mongolian population. To date, no comprehensive analysis has been conducted on the burden of diseases in this country. Thus, we aimed to describe the leading causes of death and disabling conditions and their trends between 1990 and 2019 in the Mongolian population. Methods We used the data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. In the current study, we examined life expectancy at birth, healthy life expectancy, the 20 leading causes of death, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs), and the contribution of major risk factors to DALYs in Mongolia. Findings The life expectancy at birth in Mongolia has gradually increased since 1995 and reached 63.8 years for men and 72.7 for women in 2019. The highest increase in the age-standardised death rate between 1990 and 2019 occurred in alcohol use disorders (628.6%; 95% UI 10.0–1109.6) among men, and in liver cancer (129.1%; UI 65.3–222.4) among women. Ischaemic heart disease and stroke showed the highest rates of death, YLLs, and DALYs among both men and women. In 2019, the highest age-standardised rates of DALYs were attributable to high systolic blood pressure and dietary risks. Interpretation Although Mongolia saw substantial improvements across many communicable diseases, maternal and neonatal disorders, and under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2019, non-communicable diseases remained leading causes of mortality. The mortality from the most preventable causes such as injury, alcohol use, and dietary risks remain substantially high, suggesting that individual and social efforts are needed to tackle these diseases. Our analyses will support the development of policy priorities and action plans in multiple sectors to improve the overall health of the Mongolian population. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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