Change in Years of Life Lost due to premature death of gastric cancer after correcting for misclassification of causes of death in Iran's death registry 2006–2010, using Bayesian method

Mortality is one of the important indicators of health status of the population, especially the knowledge of causes of death that give the full picture in the analysis of certain diseases. Assessment of health status of the population is not only new ideas but also a new concept in health care. In other words, the assessment of health status should be the first step and a prerequisite for continued systematic and planned work to improve both their health and overall health care system, or work on their reform. Given these facts, this article through the data on mortality as an indicator of the health status of the population indicated the state of his health and efficiency through the use of prevention programs potential years of life lost due to premature death. The five-year period of observation in the Republic of Srpska largest number of potential years of life lost due to diseases of the circulatory system, malignant diseases, then injuries, poisoning and the influence of external factors, diseases of the digestive systems and diseases of glands with internal secretion, nutrition and metabolism.

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Mortality Trend in a Rapidly Developing Economy in Taiwan Part II: Life Expectancy and “Potential Years of Life Lost”

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/101053959100500111 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 49-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shan P Tsai ◽

CP Wen ◽

JP Guo ◽

SF Tsai

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Premature Death ◽

Female Child ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Care Planning ◽

Mortality Trend ◽

Health Care Planning ◽

Economic Progress ◽

Target Prevention

Taiwan has made remarkable economic progress in the last 30 years. The life expectancy of its population improved steadily during this period. A male child born in 1983 could look forward to 70.4 years of life and a female child to 75.3 years, gains of 17.5 years and 19.0 years, respectively, since 1950. The potential gains in life expectancy of the Taiwan population are also examined if the five leading causes of death are reduced or eliminated. In addition, this paper discusses the concept of potential productive years of life lost (PYLL), examines the leading causes of premature death and shows how this measure can be used to target prevention programs and health care planning.

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A comparative study on indirect costs of suicide in Portugal: productivity loss as an additional way to approach healthcare prioritization

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckab120.096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

J Neto ◽

C Carvalho ◽

P Almeida

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Productivity Loss ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Health Resources ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Premature Death ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Productivity Costs ◽

National Priority ◽

Lost Productivity

Abstract Background Suicide and voluntary self-harm (SVSA) accounted for 0.95% of all deaths in Portugal in 2017. Economic evaluation includes indirect costs analysis, relating to Years of Life Lost (YLL) and premature death. This study aimed to estimate and compare the indirect costs from loss of productivity due to SVSA and 12 other causes of death in 2017. Methods YLL were adapted to the working age (18–66 years-old) ‘Years of Productivity Lost’ (YPL) adjusting the groups 15–19 years-old and under, and disregarding the ages over 66 years-old. The causes of death were based on the European Shortlist. The loss of productivity from deaths was estimated from the YPL and the ‘Apparent Productivity of Work’, with an annual discount rate of 3%, translated into % of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2017. The calculations were performed for the SVSA and for 12 causes of death selected from national Priority Health Programs. The INE and Pordata databases for the year 2017 were used. Calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel for Office 365 software version 2102. Results The estimated costs from loss of productivity by SLAV deaths in 2017 represented approximately 0.16% of GDP. It is the third highest among the 13 causes of death analyzed, ranking behind malignant neoplasm of larynx/trachea/bronchi/lung and ischaemic heart disease. Conclusions Prioritization of health resources may benefit by integrating lost productivity concepts with other indicators. Limitations include predictable increase of retirement age in the future and the oversimplified calculation of productivity costs. Future studies may include sensitivity assessments and other relevant variables.

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Data inputs and assumptions in calculating the fatal burden in burden of disease studies

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1439 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

E von der Lippe ◽

I Grant ◽

B Devleesschauwer

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Real Life ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Premature Death ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Methodological Choices ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Prevention Interventions ◽

Simple Step ◽

Standard Life

Abstract Years of Life Lost (YLL) is a measure of premature mortality used in the calculation of the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), as well as stand-alone measure in itself. The concept of years of life lost is to estimate the length of time a person is expected to have lived had they not died prematurely. The YLL is based on comparing the age of death to an external standard life expectancy curve, and can incorporate time discounting and age weighting. Furthermore, YLL can be calculated for specific causes of death. In this way the indicator can be used to compare the relative importance of different causes of premature death within a particular population. Thus, it can be used by health planners to define priorities for the prevention interventions. The process of calculating a YLL involves several components and this presentation will provide a sequential walk through each step in the YLL calculation, including causes of death statisticsdefinition of ill-defined deathsmethods of redistribution of ill-defined deathsthe use of life tablessocial weighting The aim of this presentation is to outline a simple step by step guide on the key components in the YLL calculation. Using the real-life example of cerebrovascular disease, the presentation will outline the key choices and assumptions that underline each data inputs in the YLL calculation. Participants in this session will also be provided with links to resources to help facilitate this decision making process. The workshop will end with an interactive session where the presenters will discuss the implications of the different methodological choices with the audience.

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Potential years of life lost in Campinas-Brazil between 2000-2017 due to external causes of death

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

D S Komoda ◽

M R B Fernández ◽

R C Cordeiro

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Premature Death ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Premature Deaths ◽

The Poor ◽

External Causes Of Death ◽

External Causes ◽

The Impact

Abstract The Potential Years of Life Lost indicator is an alternative to the use of traditional indicators to evaluate impacts of external causes of death for its ability to evaluate the magnitude of premature death. This study aims to evaluate the impact in the PYLL of premature deaths due to external causes in Campinas, between 2000 and 2017, and to show selectiveness of violence targeting the poor. We performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study describing the PYLL due to external causes in the city of Campinas between 2000 and 2017. Amongst the variables studied, focus was given to the Human Development Index by Neighborhood (HDIN) of each individual (obtained by relating addresses to the official HDIN census), to evaluate impact of poverty in PYLL, mainly in homicides. A total of 12175 people died from external causes between 2000 and 2017. The distribution of the PYLL in the year 2000 indicated a loss of 35.8 years for every 1000 inhabitants with a high decrease until 2005 to an average of 17.45 from 2005 to 2017. Although we observed this decrease in PYLL, analysis by social strata shows disparities between PYLL of the rich and poor. When all external causes were considered, low and very low-HDI population had the most significant PYLL (27 and 30.3 respectively) compared to high and very high-HDI population (18.3 and 9.9 respectively), and when only homicides were taken into account, an even greater disparity was observed between the lower-HDI and higher-HDI stratas (overall average of 16.55 and 5.55 respectively). Through PYLL analysis, we could observe the selectiveness of violence towards the low and very low-HDI population, which shows that, public policies that aim improve population health cannot be restricted to health sectors, but also include socio-economic actions against social inequalities and income concentration. Key messages Although external causes of death seems to be decreasing in Campinas, violence seems to target the poor. Any policy that aims to prevent violent causes of death must necessarily take into account social disparities.

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A Reassessment of Suicide Measurement

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.30.1.6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 6-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D.P. Doessel ◽

Ruth F.G. Williams ◽

Harvey Whiteford

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Health Prevention ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Vehicle Accidents ◽

The Social ◽

Evaluation Exercise ◽

Two Measures ◽

Circulatory Diseases

Background. Concern with suicide measurement is a positive, albeit relatively recent, development. A concern with the social loss from suicide requires careful attention to appropriately measuring the phenomenon. This paper applies two different methods of measuring suicide data: the conventional age-standardized suicide (count) rate; and the alternative rate, the potential years of life lost (PYLL) rate. Aims. The purpose of applying these two measures is to place suicide in Queensland in a historical and comparative (relative to other causes of death) perspective. Methods. Both measures are applied to suicide data for Queensland since 1920. These measures are applied also to two largish causes of death and two smaller causes of death, i.e., circulatory diseases, cancers, motor vehicle accidents, suicide. Results. The two measures generate quite different pictures of suicide in Queensland: Using the PYLL measure, suicide is a quantitatively larger issue than is indicated by the count measure. Conclusions. The PYLL measure is the more appropriate measure for evaluation exercise of public health prevention strategies. This is because the PYLL measure is weighted by years of life lost and, thus, it incorporates more information than the count measure which implicitly weights each death with a somewhat partial value, viz. unity.

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Gastrointestinal Diseases of Napoleon in Saint Helena: Causes of Death

Science Progress ◽

10.3184/003685002783238807 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 359-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jacques Di Costanzo

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Gastric Lesion ◽

Multiorgan Failure ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Gastric Disease ◽

Clinical Events ◽

Autopsy Report ◽

Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽

Chronic Arsenic Poisoning

The fact that Napoleon Ist died from gastric cancer seems to be well established. Arguments for the hypothesis of chronic arsenic poisoning have recently been developed in the literature. This study, focused on the gastrointestinal diseases of Napoleon in Saint Helena, is based on a confrontation between the clinical semiological anamnesis and the anatomical data in the autopsy report by F. Antommarchi. Napoleon presented several gastrointestinal diseases: gall-bladder lithiasis complicated with angio-cholitis, chronic colitis and certainly a gastric cancer. Death was consecutive to perforation of the gastric lesion leading to haemorragic vomitis and multiorgan failure. The description of the gastric lesions during autopsy is consistent with the diagnosis of cancer. The course of the clinical events is closely correlated with the anatomic lesions. There is strong evidence that Napoleon died from an acute complication of his gastric disease.

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Evolution of disease mortality burden in Cuba: 1990-2005

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2010000300018 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 615-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Armando H. Seuc ◽

Emma Domínguez

Keyword(s):

Burden Of Disease ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Premature Death ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Disease Mortality ◽

National Mortality ◽

Summary Measures ◽

The One

The objective of this study was to estimate the evolution of the burden of disease in Cuba for 20 major causes at five year intervals from 1990 to 2005, in terms of mortality and years of life lost due to premature death (YLL), using national mortality registries. Six summary measures were computed for each of the 20 major causes of death which characterized the evolution of the disease burden over the period studied. The 20 causes were then grouped according to their behaviour in these summary measures; hierarchical cluster analysis was used to support this grouping process. We compute YLL results with and without age-weighting and time discounting (3%). The 20 major causes were grouped into 12 subgroups, each with a particular pattern. The burden of disease in Cuba during the period 1990-2005 has a peculiar pattern that does not reproduce the one characteristic of other low- and middle-income countries. The approach used in this study supports a better description of mortality and YLL trends for major causes, for identifying possible explanations, and for supporting public health policy making. It seems convenient to reproduce this analysis using shorter time intervals, e.g. annually.

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Estimation of Burden of Cystic Echinococcosis in Iran Using Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in 2018

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v50i11.7586 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fateme Parandin ◽

Fatemeh Heydarpour ◽

Mehdi Mohebali ◽

Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd ◽

Ali Akbari Sari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Premature Death ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Public Concern ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Control Programs ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years ◽

Standard Life ◽

And Control

Background: Human hydatidosis as a public concern has increased in a number of countries that have reduced control programs for the disease due to lack of resources or policies. We aimed to estimate Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for human hydatidosis in Iran in 2018. Methods: Data were collected from the Center of Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health &Medical Education, Tehran, Iran in 2018. To calculate DALYs, years of life lost due to premature death (YLL) with years of life with disability (YLD) were calculated according to the formula as DALY = YLL + YLD. The standard life expectancy lost method (SEYLL) was used to calculate the years lost due to premature death. Results: DALYs for human hydatidosis was calculated as 1210.12 years (YLD equals to 177.12 and YLL equals to 1033) in Iran for the year 2018. It was estimated to be 700.2 years for men and 509.8 years for women. DALYs in men were significantly different from women (P= 0.001) so DALYs were more in men than women were. YLD was calculated at 78.228 years in men and 98.892 years in women and in both men and women at 177.12 years. YLD was significantly different in women compared to men (P=0.001), so YLD in women was more than in men. Conclusion: We reached considerable indices for hydatidosis in our study. Therefore, disease prevention and control programs in Iran seem necessary by the policy makers.

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