The corporal dimension of sports-based interventions: Understanding the role of embedded expectations and embodied knowledge in sport policy implementation

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Fahlén
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Embodied Knowledge ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this paper is to show how the corporal character of activities commonly provided in sports-based policy interventions has implications for the results of policy implementation. By employing the theoretical concepts of embedded expectations and embodied knowledge, this paper examines how expectations embedded in such activities interact with experiences embodied by the participants and combine in availing or restricting the possibilities for participation – thereby affecting the outcome of policies for increased participation in organised sport. The paper builds on data from a case study of a sports-based intervention that aimed to usher so-called un-associated youth in to participation in regular sport-club activities by offering ‘organised spontaneous sports’ in ‘drop-in’ sessions that focus on the intrinsic characteristics of non-competitive sports and participants’ wishes. Findings from interviews, the intervention’s internal documentation, and observations show how expectations embedded in these activities require a very specific embodied knowledge of the individual participant. Instead of challenging dominant notions of what sport ‘is’ and ‘can be’, the activities reproduce existing preconceptions and, in extension, existing patterns of sport participation instead of supporting the formation of new ones as aimed for by policy makers. The findings are discussed in relation to the wider discussion about policy implementation in sport and highlight the necessity for understanding the content of the activities offered in sports-based interventions relative to the previous experiences of the pronounced recipients.

Learning Preferences in a Spatial Multiple Criteria Decision Approach: An Application in Public Security Planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 1403-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Figueiredo ◽  
Caroline Mota
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Learning Preferences ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
New Information ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Security Planning ◽  
The Individual

This study presents a model to identify and classify vulnerable places regarding violence in public areas. The model considers multiple objectives and multiple viewpoints by using a graphical visualization for exploring vulnerability. The methodology is supported by a Dominance-based rough set approach in conjunction with preference learning and Geographic Information Systems, and requires the use of decision-makers’ (DMs’) previous knowledge for holistic assessment to get individual results. We considered an original approach for aggregating those individual results to obtain a recommendation from the final output. The preferences are assessed interactively to decrease the cognitive effort of each DM, starting from a small subset of holistic evaluations and expanding the process by incrementing new information in each stage of the model. We also assigned indicators to identify the quality of the results, participation in the individual preferences, and to avoid inconsistencies. We used the model to identify areas that merit more resources to combat crime and employed several criteria that assess types and levels of violence. These results may help policy-makers and planners to draw up and refine public policy interventions in the public security context.

scholarly journals The Role of Middle Managers in the Implementation of National Public Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Cooper ◽  
Martin Kitchener
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Safety Programme ◽  
Implementation Studies ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Occupational Background ◽  
Functional Teams

Recent policy implementation studies have considered the processes by which the top down objectives of policy designers conflict with the bottom up responses of local actors within functional teams. Our paper extends that body of research by analysing the, hitherto underexplored, role of hybrid middle managers (HMMs) who combine their professional expertise with management responsibilities to locally forge compromises when implementing national policy interventions. Drawing from a recent study of the implementation of the Welsh national patient safety programme, this paper presents a detailed analysis of the activities deployed by HMMs to broker policy interventions within their local teams. We provide an analytical model to direct attention towards the varied activities performed by HMMs from different occupations. Our empirical findings reveal how policy implementation processes can be better understood, and planned, if HMMs are differentiated by their occupational background.

scholarly journals Class or Mass: Sport (for All) Politics at a Crossroads

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyöngyi Földesi
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Developmental Trend ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
State Financing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Changing Role

Class or Mass: Sport (for All) Politics at a CrossroadsHungarian sport politics has long tradition not to accomplish the — otherwise ideal — objectives declared in the overall sport conception for the same period. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the contemporary National Sports Strategies, the contradictory character of their realization and some major conditions of the improvement of all Hungarians' involvement in sport. By way of introduction the notions of sport policy, sport politics and sport for all politics are clarified. Then the methods for collecting information (analysis of documents, in-depth interviews and participant observation) are presented. The main body of the contribution consists of three parts. Firstly a brief overview is given on the legacy on the grounds of which the current sport politics had to start from, with great emphasis of the changing role of the state, civil society and the business sector in the process of planning, developing and supporting the population's sporting activity. Secondly the today's sport policy and the true situation in sport for all are discussed according to the following dimensions: (1) the underprivileged position of sport for all; (2) the lack of the necessary co-operation between sport and other sub-systems, such as education, public health; (3) the low proportion of state aid to be given for sport; (4) the disparity of state financing between the individual fields of sport: (5) the reinforcement of the increasing social inequality in sport. Thirdly the author makes attempts to outline a developmental trend state responsibility in sport for all by answering a crucial question: Whose responsibility is it? In conclusion it is stated that historical opportunity for changing radically the traditional sport politics was missed during the last 15-20 years. The political approach to sport by the individual governments might have been different, but the very essence of their sport politics was rather similar. The core values guiding their sport politics were very positive all the time; however they have not been realized in either period. The author is of the opinion that the vision of a "sporting nation" suggested by the present-day National Sport Strategy seems to be attractive, but she calls the attention to the missing political and financial garantees that would enable to approaching it and urges to promote a more democratic, a m ore just and a truly modern turn in sport politics

Summary and Policy Implications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Wolman ◽  
Howard Wial ◽  
Travis St. Clair ◽  
Edward Hill
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Economic Development Policy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Time Frames

The concluding chapter focuses on the role of public policy in promoting regional economic resilience. To better understand the potential role of various types of policy actions, we develop a temporal framework that divides policy implementation and policy effects into three different time frames, with policies varying both in the time it takes to put in place and in the time frame over which effects, if the policy is effective, can be expected. Different kinds of policy actions are likely to be most appropriate and most effective in the different time periods and in the face of different types of shocks. We conclude by considering the implications of our findings, put into this framework, for economic development policy makers and practitioners

EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITY AND SPORT INVOLVEMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Anastasiadis A ◽  
Ntovoli A
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Perceived Service Quality ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
Sport Facilities ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between sport service quality and sport involvement. The data were collected from 500 individuals, users of sport facilities, in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. Items from the SERVQUAL model were used to measure sport service quality. The three-dimensional model of leisure involvement was used to measure sport involvement (Centrality, Attraction and Self-expression). The results of the study revealed statistically signicant correlations between service quality and two of the three dimensions of sport involvement: centrality and self-expression, supporting the important role of service quality in developing sport policy. These results propose that policy makers should invest on building service quality in sport services and facilities, since this will increase sport participation levels and help citizens adopt a more active life-style.

scholarly journals Zooming in and Out: A Holistic Framework for Research on Maternal, Late Fetal, and Newborn Survival and Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha S Singh ◽  
Andrea K Blanchard ◽  
Hannah Blencowe ◽  
Adam D Koon ◽  
Ties Boerma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Health ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Newborn Mortality ◽  
Intentional Actions ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health Policy And Systems ◽  
The Continuum

Abstract Research is needed to understand why some countries succeed in greater improvements maternal, late fetal and newborn health and reducing mortality than others. Pathways towards these health outcomes operate at many levels, making it difficult to understand which factors contribute most to these health improvements. Conceptual frameworks provide a cognitive means of rendering order to these factors, and how they interrelate to positively influence maternal, late fetal and newborn health. We developed a conceptual framework by integrating theories and frameworks from different disciplines to encapsulate the range of factors that explain reductions in maternal, late fetal and newborn mortality and improvements in health. We developed our framework iteratively, combining our interdisciplinary research team’s knowledge, experience, and review of the literature. We present a framework that includes health policy and systems levers (or intentional actions that policy makers can implement) to improve maternal, late fetal and newborn health; service delivery and coverage of interventions across the continuum of care, and epidemiological and behavioural risk factors. The framework also considers the role of context in influencing for whom and where health and non-health efforts have the most impact, to recognise ‘the causes of the causes’ at play at the individual/household, community, national and transnational levels. Our framework holistically reflects the range of interrelated factors influencing improved maternal, late fetal and newborn health and survival. The framework lends itself to studying how different factors work together to influence these outcomes using an array of methods. Such research should inform future efforts to improve maternal, late fetal and newborn health and survival in different contexts. By re-orienting research in this way, we hope to equip policymakers and practitioners alike with the insight necessary to make the world a safer and fairer place for mothers and their babies.

Language programming in rural and regional Victoria

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette Slaughter ◽  
Joseph Lo Bianco ◽  
Renata Aliani ◽  
Russell Cross ◽  
John Hajek
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Language Programs ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Principal Perspective ◽  
Material Constraints

Abstract Despite decades of often ambitious policies in Australia, languages education is still characterized by intermittent commitment to the teaching of languages, with inequitable access particularly entrenched in rural and regional contexts. While research has focused on the practical and material constraints impacting on policy implementation, little research has investigated the role of the discursive terrain in shaping expectations and limitations around what seems achievable in schools, particularly, from the school principal perspective. Beginning with an overview of policy interventions and an analysis of contemporary challenges, we use Q methodology to identify and analyze viewpoints at work in similarly-positioned rural and regional schools. In doing so, we seek to determine what seems possible or impossible across settings; the role of principals in enabling and constraining pathways for the provision of school language programs, and the need for macro-level language policy to be informed by constraints specific to rural and regional contexts.

Teach Less and Learn More

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Ratneswary Rasiah ◽  
Sotheeswari Somasundram ◽  
Kelly Pei Leng Tee ◽  
Jason James Turner
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Technology ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Skills Gap ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Learning Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

This study aims to investigate the impact of assessments and instructional technology on a students' learning experience and the development of their graduate capabilities. In a disruptive employment market where there appears to be a mis-match between employer expectations and the graduate skill-set, the onus has fallen upon education providers to better align the capabilities taught in school with employer and employment market expectations. Using a survey-based approach to collect 118 responses, this research revealed the positive and significant roles played by assessments and technology in enhancing students' learning development of graduate capabilities, with the use of technology identified as the stronger influencer on student learning. The findings of this study are beneficial to educators and policy makers, providing insight into the individual and collective role of assessment(s) and embedding technology into the curriculum as means to address the skills gap which should inform further research into the graduate skills conundrum.

Political support for reforms of the pension system: two experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA FONTOURA GOUVEIA
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Pension System ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Individual

AbstractWe conduct two randomized control trials designed to understand the role of information and priming on the willingness to retrench the pension system. The first entails a survey to a sample of Portuguese voters, who are randomly presented with a text providing factual information about the public pension system. The second surveys a sample of Portuguese University students, randomly presented with an alternative order of questions. We show that more literacy on the pension system has a positive impact on the individual willingness to support reforms. Given that public opinion is usually seen as an important deterrent of effective action by politicians and that the level of voters’ literacy can be influenced by policy action, this analysis may provide useful insights to policy makers faced with the challenge of reforming existent pension systems. Our analysis also suggests that priming effects should not be ignored, given their impact in individuals in the extremes of the political spectrum.

Socialist in Form, “National” in Content? Art and Ideology in Soviet Tajikistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Karolina Kluczewska ◽  
Niso Hojieva
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
And Gender

Abstract This article examines the nexus between art and its ideological function, both discursively and in practice, in the Soviet socialist republics. Scrutinizing the case of visual monumental art in Soviet Tajikistan in the 1970s and 1980s, it can be seen that the geographical and cultural distance from Moscow, in addition to complex multi-actor and multi-level policy implementation channels, allowed for non-conventional artistic practices to develop in the Soviet periphery. The article highlights the role of local officials and, in particular, artists in re-appropriating the official identity formation process with specific ideas of “nationhood,” religion, and gender relations, while at the same time aspiring to comply with the dominant socialist realism doctrine. It is argued that, contrary to the prominent slogan “socialist in content, national in form,” artworks produced in the Soviet periphery were often socialist in form and “national” in content. While the artists skillfully worked within the monumental art tradition promoted by the state, thus relying on a socialist form, not infrequently the meaning of their works distorted, or even contradicted, the official ideology. Often this subversion was non-deliberate. Ultimately, however, the artworks ended up strengthening an autonomous local agency that policy-makers in Moscow sought to eradicate.

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