Personalising music for more effective mood induction: Exploring activation, underlying mechanisms, emotional intelligence, and motives in mood regulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 102986491987631
Author(s):  
Juliane Völker
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Mood Regulation ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Aesthetic Judgement ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Stem Reflexes

The present studies investigated the effects of personal (i.e., self-selected) music and music pre-selected by the researcher on the induction of sadness and joy while taking into consideration the influences of perceptual and individual factors in line with a reciprocal-feedback model (RFM). Regarding music perception, spreading activation in the cognitive network triggered by music and the BRECVEMA (Brain stem reflexes, Rhythmic entrainment, Evaluative conditioning, Contagion, Visual imagery, Episodic memory, Musical expectancy, Aesthetic judgement) mechanisms underlying musical emotions were explored using quantitative and qualitative self-reports. For individual factors, trait and ability emotional intelligence and motives in mood regulation were controlled. Results from the pilot study (Study 1, N = 66) confirm that music chosen by participants exerts stronger effects on reported mood, and that sadness and joy are evoked primarily by contagion and episodic memory associated with music. Study 2 ( N = 149) replicated and extended these findings. Reports of a conscious marker for spreading cognitive activation (e.g., familiarity or engagement with the music) was higher when listening to personal music, yet also when inducing joy. When sadness was induced, higher activation was also related to participants’ more frequent reports of BRECVEMA mechanisms. For emotional intelligence, clarity of emotions promotes joy while management of emotions promotes sadness. Emotion recognition impairs induction of both moods. Motives of discharge, mental work, and solace influence inductions of sadness, and diversion influences inductions of joy. Finally, the RFM provides a comprehensive conceptualisation of mood induction, integrating situation, music, and listener.

scholarly journals A Sequential Path Model Testing: Emotional Intelligence, Resilient Coping and Self-Esteem as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms during Unemployment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
María Angeles Peláez-Fernández ◽  
Lourdes Rey ◽  
Natalio Extremera
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The unemployment rate has dramatically increased in southern Europe in the last decade. Although it is well-known that unemployment impairs mental health, the specific roles of personal resources like emotional intelligence (EI) and potential underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Prior studies have shown that resilience and self-esteem are mediators in the link between EI and mental health. The present study aims to bridge these gaps by testing a sequential path model. Specifically, we propose that EI is associated with lower depressive symptoms, which is explained by higher resilient coping strategies and a resulting increased self-esteem among unemployed individuals. A sample of Spanish unemployed persons completed measures of EI, resilience, self-esteem and depression. The results showed that higher levels of EI were positively associated with resilience and self-esteem and negatively related to depressive symptoms. Path analyses showed that resilience and self-esteem mediated the relation between EI and depression in sequence. These findings suggest that EI plays a key role in promoting mental health and provide preliminary evidence regarding potential mechanisms through which EI contributes to mental health during unemployment. Implications for assessing the absence of these positive resources in developing effective job search programs geared toward promoting mental health and re-employment are discussed.

scholarly journals Hypothesized mechanisms through which acute exercise influences episodic memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Loprinzi ◽  
P Ponce ◽  
E Frith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Growth Factor Production ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Exercise Induced

Emerging research demonstrates that exercise is favorably associated with several cognitive outcomes, including episodic memory function. The majority of the mechanistic work describing the underlying mechanisms of this effect has focused on chronic exercise engagement. Such mechanisms include, e.g., chronic exercise-induced neurogenesis, gliogenesis, angiogenesis, cerebral circulation, and growth factor production. Less research has examined the mechanisms through which acute (vs. chronic) exercise subserves episodic memory function. The purpose of this review is to discuss these potential underlying mechanisms, which include, e.g., acute exercise-induced (via several pathways, such as vagus nerve and muscle spindle stimulation) alterations in neurotransmitters, synaptic tagging/capturing, associativity, and psychological attention.

Emotional responses to music: The need to consider underlying mechanisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik N. Juslin ◽  
Daniel Västfjäll
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Musical Structure ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Satisfactory Account ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Stem Reflexes ◽  
Information Focus

AbstractResearch indicates that people value music primarily because of the emotions it evokes. Yet, the notion of musical emotions remains controversial, and researchers have so far been unable to offer a satisfactory account of such emotions. We argue that the study of musical emotions has suffered from a neglect of underlying mechanisms. Specifically, researchers have studied musical emotions without regard to how they were evoked, or have assumed that the emotions must be based on the “default” mechanism for emotion induction, a cognitive appraisal. Here, we present a novel theoretical framework featuring six additional mechanisms through which music listening may induce emotions: (1) brain stem reflexes, (2) evaluative conditioning, (3) emotional contagion, (4) visual imagery, (5) episodic memory, and (6) musical expectancy. We propose that these mechanisms differ regarding such characteristics as their information focus, ontogenetic development, key brain regions, cultural impact, induction speed, degree of volitional influence, modularity, and dependence on musical structure. By synthesizing theory and findings from different domains, we are able to provide the first set of hypotheses that can help researchers to distinguish among the mechanisms. We show that failure to control for the underlying mechanism may lead to inconsistent or non-interpretable findings. Thus, we argue that the new framework may guide future research and help to resolve previous disagreements in the field. We conclude that music evokes emotions through mechanisms that are not unique to music, and that the study of musical emotions could benefit the emotion field as a whole by providing novel paradigms for emotion induction.

Rural and Urban Childhood Environment Effects on Episodic Memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S630-S630
Author(s):  
X. Zhang ◽  
H. Yan ◽  
S. Shah ◽  
G. Yang ◽  
X. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Aversive Stimuli ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Childhood Environment ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

IntroductionChildhoods in urban or rural environments may differentially affect risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we leveraged on dramatic urbanization and rural-urban migration since the 1980s in China to explore the hypothesis that rural or urban childhoods may differentially influence memory processing and neural responses to neutral and aversive stimuli.ObjectivesExplore the underlying mechanisms of childhood environment effect on brain function and neuropsychiatric risk.MethodsWe examined 420 adult subjects with similar current socioeconomic status and living in Beijing, China, but with differing rural (n = 227) or urban (n = 193) childhoods. In an episodic memory paradigm scanned in a 3 T GE MRI, subjects viewed blocks of neutral or aversive pictures in the encoding and retrieval sessions.ResultsEpisodic memory accuracy for neutral stimuli was less than for aversive stimuli (P < 0.001). However, subjects with rural childhoods apparently performed less accurately for memory of aversive but not neutral stimuli (P < 0.01). In subjects with rural childhoods, there was relatively increased engagement of bilateral striatum at encoding, increased engagement of bilateral hippocampus at retrieval of neutral and aversive stimuli, and increased engagement of amygdala at aversive retrieval (P < 0.05 FDR corrected, cluster size > 50).ConclusionsRural or urban childhoods appear associated with physiological and behavioural differences, particularly in the neural processing of aversive episodic memory at medial temporal and striatal brain regions. It remains to be explored the extent to which these effects relate to individual risk for neuropsychiatric or stress-related disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Where was the Toaster? Interplay of Episodic Memory Traces and Semantic Knowledge during Scenario Construction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Zoellner ◽  
Nicole Klein ◽  
Sen Cheng ◽  
Ricarda Schubotz ◽  
Nikolai Axmacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Desktop Virtual Reality ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Memory Failure ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Construction Model

Experiences that are retrieved from memory are often not accurate, but prone to biases. The interplay of already existing semantic knowledge and recently generated episodic memory traces might explain some of the underlying mechanisms. The scenario construction model postulates that during encoding, only the gist of an episode is stored in the episodic memory trace and during retrieval, any needed information that is missing from that trace is constructed from semantic knowledge. The current study aimed to investigate semantic construction in a realistic, yet controlled setting. Using a desktop virtual reality (VR) participants navigated through a flat in which some household items appeared in unexpected rooms, creating conflicts between the experienced episode and semantic expectations. During recall after two separate retrieval delays (one day vs one week) we were able to identify influences from semantic knowledge. To manipulate salience, some objects were task-relevant, and some were irrelevant to the sequence of actions. We used spatial and temporal recall measures. Both congruency and task-relevance, but not time, predicted correct episodic memory retrieval. In the spatial memory retrieval, semantic construction was more likely than guessing in cases of episodic memory failure and occurred more frequently for task-irrelevant objects. In the temporal recall at the second retrieval delay we could show that object-pairs belonging to the same semantic room-category were temporally clustered together compared to object-pairs from different semantic room-categories. Taken together, our findings support the predictions of the scenario construction model, as we found influences of semantic knowledge on both spatial and temporal memory recall. The new VR-paradigm appears to be a promising tool for investigating semantic construction.

scholarly journals Episodic memory enhancement versus impairment is determined by contextual similarity across events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Cox ◽  
Simone Dobbelaar ◽  
Martijn Meeter ◽  
Merel Kindt ◽  
Vanessa van Ast
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Memory Interference ◽  
Memory Change ◽  
Memory Integration ◽  
Context Similarity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Memory ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

For over a century, stability of environmental context across related episodes has been considered a source of memory interference. However, contemporary memory integration theory generates a diametrically opposite prediction. Here, we aimed to resolve this discrepancy by manipulating local context similarity across temporally disparate but related episodes, and testing the direction and underlying mechanisms of memory change. A series of experiments show that contextual stability produces memory integration and marked reciprocal strengthening, whereas variable context results in one memory to dominate at a related memory’s expense. Intriguingly, however, retrieval patterns reversed when the original encoding contexts were reintroduced during memory recall. These observations (i) identify environmental context during new learning and subsequent recall as opposing determinants in the volatility of memory, (ii) present a challenge to several classic and modern theories on episodic memory change, and (iii) reconcile paradoxical predictions of memory interference and integration.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Faktor-Faktor Individual Terhadap Perilaku Etis Auditor Pada Inspektorat Provinsi Gorontalo

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Yusrin Abdul ◽  
Jullie J Sondakh ◽  
Jantje Tinangon
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Internal Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Functional Position

Abstract. This study aims to know and analyze the effects of individual factors namely internal locus of control, intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and spiritual intelligence on the ethical behavior of the Gorontalo Provincial Inspectorate auditors. This is a quantitative research. The population in this study was all staff of the Gorontalo Provincial Inspectorate. Samples are auditors having certification of the Auditor's Functional Position (JFA). This study included 44 respondents. Data were collected by questionnaires. Data were analysed by multiple regression and SPSS program. The results of the study showed that an internal locus of control affects increasing auditor ethical behavior. Intellectual intelligence (IQ) increases auditor ethical behavior. Emotional Intelligence (EQ) increases auditor ethical behavior. Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) does not increase the auditor's ethical behavior.Keywords: Internal Locus of Control, Intellectual Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence on the Ethical BehaviorAbstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui dan menganalisis pengaruh faktor-faktor individual yakni locus of control internal, kecerdasan intelektual, kecerdasan emosional dan kecerdasan spiritual terhadap perilaku etis auditor Inspektorat Provinsi Gorontalo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai Inspektorat Provinsi Gorontalo dengan sampel penelitian yakni auditor memiliki sertifikasi Jabatan Fungsional Auditor (JFA) yang berjumlah 44 responden. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan menggunakan analisis data regresi berganda dengan bantuan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Locus of Control Internal berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan perilaku etis auditor. Kecerdasan Intelektual (IQ) berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan perilaku etis auditor. Kecerdasan Emosional (EQ) berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan perilaku etis auditor. Kecerdasan Spiritual (SQ) tidak berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan perilaku etis auditor.Kata kunci : Locus of Control Internal, Kecerdasan Intelektual, Kecerdasan Emosional, Kecerdasan Spiritual, Perilaku Etis

scholarly journals The effect of mood on food versus non-food interference among females who are high and low on emotional eating

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilla Sambal ◽  
Cara Bohon ◽  
Noam Weinbach
Keyword(s):  
Mood Induction ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Mood Manipulation ◽  
Attentional Interference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Emotional eating refers to overeating triggered by emotional experiences and may cause significant psychological distress and health problems. Thus, it is important to better understand its underlying mechanisms. The study examined if the ability to ignore task-irrelevant information, namely, interference control, is modulated by mood and exposure to food stimuli among females who are high and low on emotional eating. Method The study’s sample included 80 women who were high (N = 40) or low (N = 40) on an emotional eating scale. Participants were divided to a negative or neutral mood induction group. Following the mood induction, they completed a food-flanker task that allowed assessing attentional interference caused by food and non-food stimuli separately. Results The low emotional eating group had significantly greater food compared to non-food interference, suggesting difficulty at ignoring food stimuli while attending a neutral target. In the high emotional eating group, there was no difference between food and non-food interference. However, higher levels of emotional eating predicted lower levels of food interference. Conclusion The pattern of results suggests a food-avoidance attentional tendency among those with higher levels of emotional eating. The mood manipulation did not influence food-related interference in either group. The lack of an effect of mood on food-related interference questions the impact of negative emotions on basic attentional processes among individuals with emotional eating.

scholarly journals You'll feel better in the morning: slow wave activity and overnight mood regulation in interepisode bipolar disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Soehner ◽  
K. A. Kaplan ◽  
J. M. Saletin ◽  
L. S. Talbot ◽  
I. S. Hairston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Mood Regulation ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Bipolar Patients

BackgroundSleep disturbances are prominent correlates of acute mood episodes and inadequate recovery in bipolar disorder (BD), yet the mechanistic relationship between sleep physiology and mood remains poorly understood. Using a series of pre-sleep mood inductions and overnight sleep recording, this study examined the relationship between overnight mood regulation and a marker of sleep intensity (non-rapid eye movement sleep slow wave activity; NREM SWA) during the interepisode phase of BD.MethodsAdults with interepisode BD type 1 (BD;n= 20) and healthy adult controls (CTL;n= 23) slept in the laboratory for a screening night, a neutral mood induction night (baseline), a happy mood induction night, and a sad mood induction night. NREM SWA (0.75–4.75 Hz) was derived from overnight sleep EEG recordings. Overnight mood regulation was evaluated using an affect grid pleasantness rating post-mood induction (pre-sleep) and the next morning.ResultsOvernight mood regulation did not differ between groups following the sad or happy inductions. SWA did not significantly change for either group on the sad induction night compared with baseline. In BD only, SWA on the sad night was related to impaired overnight negative mood regulation. On the happy induction night, SWA increased relative to baseline in both groups, though SWA was not related to overnight mood regulation for either group.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that SWA disruption may play a role in sustaining negative mood state from the previous night in interepisode BD. However, positive mood state could enhance SWA in bipolar patients and healthy adults.

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