Coccygeal chordoma in a degu: case report and review of the literature

An 8-y-old, intact female degu ( Octodon degus) was presented with a slow-growing mass on the tail tip. The mass was completely removed by partial caudectomy. Histologically, the last coccygeal vertebra was replaced by a lobulated neoplasm composed of large clear polygonal cells embedded in a myxoid alcian blue–positive matrix with highly vacuolated cytoplasm (physaliferous cells) and intracytoplasmic periodic acid-Schiff–positive granules. The neoplasm exhibited the morphologic features of a “classic” chordoma of humans, which is 1 of 3 distinct chordoma subtypes. Immunohistochemistry revealed dual expression of cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and vimentin, consistent with a diagnosis of chordoma. Chordomas are uncommon slow-growing neoplasms in humans and animals, arising from notochordal remnants. Depending on their subtype and location, they can have a high local recurrence rate and metastatic risk. Chordoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue mass on the tail of a degu, similar to the clinical situation in ferrets.

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Perineal swelling secondary to a vaginal wall cyst in a bitch in dioestrus

Veterinary Record Case Reports ◽

10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000805 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. e000805

Author(s):

Cesar Sanchez Jimenez ◽

Ana Rita Ramalho Furtado ◽

Valéria Café Marçal ◽

Darren Barnes ◽

Emilie Fauchon

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Tract ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Vaginal Wall ◽

Cystic Mass ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Intact Female ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

History Of ◽

Perineal Swelling ◽

Slow Growing

Vaginal cysts are a rare pathology of the female reproductive tract and are usually asymptomatic and often incidental in human and veterinary medicine. A seven-year and 11-month-old intact female bearded collie was referred for further investigations of a two-and-a-half-week history of a slow-growing perineal swelling that was noticed three to four weeks following oestrus. Ultrasound and CT images were acquired, which revealed that an intravaginal cystic mass was the cause of the aforementioned swelling. Following removal of the mass, histopathology revealed a fully excised vaginal cyst lined by simple cuboidal periodic acid-Schiff-positive epithelium most consistent with paramesonephric (Müllerian) origin. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first reported case of an extra-abdominal vaginal wall cyst in a bitch in dioestrus causing perineal swelling.

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Incidental Mycobacterium-induced granulomatous inflammation of the follicular pharyngeal tonsils in a South African farmed ostrich (Struthio camelus)

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v84i1.961 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Martina R. Crole ◽

John T. Soley ◽

Sarah J. Clift

Keyword(s):

Periodic Acid ◽

Granulomatous Inflammation ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Presumptive Diagnosis ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Caseous Necrosis ◽

Mycobacterium Spp ◽

Apparently Healthy

Avian mycobacteriosis (AM) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium aviumcomplex (MAC), which can spread from avians to other farmed animals such as cattle and pigs as well as to humans. This study is the first report of granulomatous inflammation, as a result of avian mycobacteriosis, in the follicular pharyngeal tonsils of a farmed ostrich. The head of an apparently healthy farmed adult ostrich was obtained after slaughter. Each pharyngeal fold displayed a large tissue mass. This tissue was routinely prepared for light microscopy and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff, Grocott methenamine silver, Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to identify Mycobacterium spp. and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, respectively. Histologically, the tissue masses consisted of confluent mature micro-granulomata that were characterised by central caseous necrosis surrounded by multinucleated giant cells, macrophages and lymphoid cells and an outer mature fibrous connective tissue capsule. Within some foci of caseous necrosis were variably sized colonies of small, Gram-negative, acid-fast bacilli, which showed positive IHC labelling for Mycobacterium spp., leading to a presumptive diagnosis of AM. PCR thus proved useful in excluding the presence of notifiable Mycobacteriumspp. The significance and role of the pharyngeal tonsils of ratites in diseases such as AM warrant specific attention. Moreover, as ratites are known to present with AM infections with apparently no visible loss in body condition, as presumably occurred in the present case, it is imperative that unusual masses in apparently healthy ratites be thoroughly investigated.

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Brain lesions associated with acute toxic hepatopathy in cattle

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638717699242 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 287-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Angelica T. B. Wouters ◽

Flademir Wouters ◽

Fabiana M. Boabaid ◽

Tatiane T. N. Watanabe ◽

Gabriela Fredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

White Matter ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

S100 Protein ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Trema Micrantha ◽

Vacuolated Cytoplasm ◽

Acute Toxic

Samples of the liver, telencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum were obtained from 22 bovids suffering from spontaneous or experimental acute toxic liver disease. Perreyia flavipes larvae, and leaves of Cestrum corymbosum, Cestrum intermedium, Dodonaea viscosa, Trema micrantha, and Xanthium cavanillesii were the causal agents in the disorders studied. Hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid–Schiff staining, as well as anti-S100 protein (anti-S100), anti–glial fibrillary acidic protein (anti-GFAP), and anti-vimentin immunostaining were used to evaluate the brain sections. Astrocytic changes were observed in all samples and were characterized by swollen vesicular nuclei in gray (Alzheimer type II astrocytes) and white matter; and by abundant eosinophilic or vacuolated cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei in the white matter. These changes were evidenced by anti-S100 and anti-GFAP immunostaining. Our study demonstrates major changes in astrocytes of cattle that died with neurologic clinical signs as the result of acute toxic liver disease.

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Ultrastructure of the Parotid Gland of the Nine-Banded Armadillo

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100080626 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 640-641

Author(s):

J. R. Ruby

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Parotid Gland ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Acinar Cells ◽

Duct System ◽

Parotid Glands ◽

Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽

Anterior Portion ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Thin Sections

Parotid glands were obtained from five adult (four male and one female) armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) which were perfusion-fixed. The glands were located in a position similar to that of most mammals. They extended interiorly to the anterior portion of the submandibular gland.In the light microscope, it was noted that the acini were relatively small and stained strongly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue techniques, confirming the earlier results of Shackleford (1). Based on these qualities and other structural criteria, these cells have been classified as seromucous (2). The duct system was well developed. There were numerous intercalated ducts and intralobular striated ducts. The striated duct cells contained large amounts of PAS-positive substance.Thin sections revealed that the acinar cells were pyramidal in shape and contained a basally placed, slightly flattened nucleus (Fig. 1). The rough endoplasmic reticulum was also at the base of the cell.

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Detection of Carriers in Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657357 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 49 (03) ◽

pp. 182-186

Author(s):

G T E Zonneveld ◽

E F van Leeuwen ◽

A Sturk ◽

J W ten Cate

Keyword(s):

Bleeding Time ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Type I ◽

Clot Retraction ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Glanzmann’S Thrombasthenia ◽

Aggregation Response ◽

Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia ◽

Sds Page ◽

Reduced State

SummaryQuantitative glycoprotein (GP) analysis of whole platelets or platelet membranes was performed by SDS-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and periodic acid Schiff staining in the families of two unrelated Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (GT) patients. Each family consisted of two symptom free parents, a symptom free daughter and a GT daughter. All symptom free members had a normal bleeding time, clot retraction and platelet aggregation response to adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP), collagen and adrenalin. Platelet Zw* antigen was normally expressed in these subjects. GT patiens, classified as a type I and II subject, showed reduced amounts of GP lib and of GP nia. Analysis of isolated membranes in the non-reduced state, however, showed that the amount of GP Ilia was also reduced in three of the four parents, whereas one parent (of the GT type I patient) and the two unaffected daughters had normal amounts of GP Ilia. Quantitative SDS-PAGE may therefore provide a method for the detection of asymptomatic carriers in GT type I and II.

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Swim bladder mycosis in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss caused by Phoma herbarum and experimental verification of pathogenicity

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms ◽

10.3354/dao03464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 138 ◽

pp. 237-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J Řehulka ◽

A Kubátová ◽

V Hubka

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Bladder Wall ◽

Swim Bladder ◽

Cell Reactivity ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Posterior Portion ◽

Hepatic Congestion ◽

Phoma Herbarum

In this study, spontaneous swim bladder mycosis was documented in a farmed fingerling rainbow trout from a raceway culture system. At necropsy, the gross lesions included a thickened swim bladder wall, and the posterior portion of the swim bladder was enlarged due to massive hyperplasia of muscle. A microscopic wet mount examination of the swim bladder contents revealed abundant septate hyphae, and histopathological examination showed periodic acid-Schiff-positive mycelia in the lumen and wall of the swim bladder. Histopathological examination of the thickened posterior swim bladder revealed muscle hyperplasia with expansion by inflammatory cells. The causative agent was identified as Phoma herbarum through morphological analysis and DNA sequencing. The disease was reproduced in rainbow trout fingerlings using intraperitoneal injection of a spore suspension. Necropsy in dead and moribund fish revealed extensive congestion and haemorrhages in the serosa of visceral organs and in liver and abdominal serosanguinous fluid. Histopathological examination showed severe hepatic congestion, sinusoidal dilatation, Kupffer cell reactivity, leukostasis and degenerative changes. Fungi were disseminated to the liver, pyloric caeca, kidney, spleen and heart. Although infections caused by Phoma spp. have been repeatedly reported in fish, species identification has been hampered by extensive taxonomic changes. The results of this study confirmed the pathogenicity of P. herbarum in salmonids by using a reliably identified strain during experimental fish infection and provides new knowledge regarding the course of infection.

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Erdheim-Chester Disease Presenting with Histiocytic Colitis and Cytokine Storm

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ◽

10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.262.erd ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 183-187

Author(s):

George P. Christophi ◽

Yeshika Sharma ◽

Quader Farhan ◽

Umang Jain ◽

Ted Walker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodic Acid ◽

Poor Response ◽

Rare Type ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Hemodynamic Compromise ◽

Erdheim Chester Disease ◽

Erdheim Chester ◽

Chester Disease ◽

Segmental Colitis

Background: Non-Langerhans histiocytosis is a group of inflammatory lymphoproliferative disorders originating from non-clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells into cytokine-secreting dendritic cells or macrophages. Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) is a rare type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by tissue inflammation and injury caused by macrophage infiltration and histologic findings of foamy histiocytes. Often ECD involves the skeleton, retroperitoneum and the orbits. This is the first report documenting ECD manifesting as segmental colitis and causing cytokine-release syndrome.Case presentation: A 68-year old woman presented with persistent fever without infectious etiology and hematochezia. Endoscopy showed segmental colitis and pathology revealed infiltration of large foamy histiocytes CD3-/CD20-/CD68+/CD163+/S100- consistent with ECD. The patient was empirically treated with steroids but continued to have fever and developed progressive distributive shock.Conclusion: This case report describes the differential diagnosis of infectious and immune-mediated inflammatory and rheumatologic segmental colitis. Non-Langerhans histiocytosis and ECD are rare causes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Prompt diagnosis is imperative for the appropriate treatment to prevent hemodynamic compromise due to distributive shock or gastrointestinal bleeding. Importantly, gastrointestinal ECD might exhibit poor response to steroid treatment and other potential treatments including chemotherapy, and biologic treatments targeting IL-1 and TNF-alpha signaling should be considered.Abbreviations: AFB: acid-fast bacilli; ECD: Erdheim-Chester Disease; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; PASD: periodic acid-Schiff with diastase; TB: tuberculosis

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Ectopic atrial arrhythmias arising from canine thoracic veins during in vivo stellate ganglia stimulation

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.01321.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 295 (2) ◽

pp. H691-H698 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Alex Y. Tan ◽

Shengmei Zhou ◽

Byung Chun Jung ◽

Masahiro Ogawa ◽

Lan S. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Vein ◽

Sinus Node ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Sympathetic Innervation ◽

Sympathetic Nerves ◽

Atrial Arrhythmias ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Stellate Ganglia ◽

Ectopic Beats

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether thoracic veins may act as ectopic pacemakers and whether nodelike cells and rich sympathetic innervation are present at the ectopic sites. We used a 1,792-electrode mapping system with 1-mm resolution to map ectopic atrial arrhythmias in eight normal dogs during in vivo right and left stellate ganglia (SG) stimulation before and after sinus node crushing. SG stimulation triggered significant elevations of transcardiac norepinephrine levels, sinus tachycardia in all dogs, and atrial tachycardia in two of eight dogs. Sinus node crushing resulted in a slow junctional rhythm (51 ± 6 beats/min). Subsequent SG stimulation induced 20 episodes of ectopic beats in seven dogs and seven episodes of pulmonary vein tachycardia in three dogs (cycle length 273 ± 35 ms, duration 16 ± 4 s). The ectopic beats arose from the pulmonary vein ( n = 11), right atrium ( n = 5), left atrium ( n = 2), and the vein of Marshall ( n = 2). There was no difference in arrhythmogenic effects of left vs. right SG stimulation (13/29 vs. 16/29 episodes, P = nonsignificant). There was a greater density of periodic acid Schiff-positive cells ( P < 0.05) and sympathetic nerves ( P < 0.05) at the ectopic sites compared with other nonectopic atrial sites. We conclude that, in the absence of a sinus node, thoracic veins may function as subsidiary pacemakers under heightened sympathetic tone, becoming the dominant sites of initiation of focal atrial arrhythmias that arise from sites with abundant sympathetic nerves and periodic acid Schiff-positive cells.

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The potential renal toxicity of silver nanoparticles after repeated oral exposure and its underlying mechanisms

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-021-02428-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hamed Nosrati ◽

Manijeh Hamzepoor ◽

Maryam Sohrabi ◽

Massoud Saidijam ◽

Mohammad Javad Assari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Renal Toxicity ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Critical Role ◽

Oral Exposure ◽

Control Group ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff

Abstract Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can accumulate in various organs after oral exposure. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the renal toxicity induced by AgNPs after repeated oral exposure and to determine the relevant molecular mechanisms. Methods In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were treated with solutions containing 30, 125, 300, and 700 mg/kg of AgNPs. After 28 days of exposure, histopathological changes were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Apoptosis was quantified by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry of caspase-3, and the level of expression of the mRNAs of growth factors was determined using RT-PCR. Results Histopathologic examination revealed degenerative changes in the glomeruli, loss of tubular architecture, loss of brush border, and interrupted tubular basal laminae. These changes were more noticeable in groups treated with 30 and 125 mg/kg. The collagen intensity increased in the group treated with 30 mg/kg in both the cortex and the medulla. Apoptosis was much more evident in middle-dose groups (i.e., 125 and 300 mg/kg). The results of RT-PCR indicated that Bcl-2 and Bax mRNAs upregulated in the treated groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the data related to EGF, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 revealed that AgNPs induced significant changes in gene expression in the groups treated with 30 and 700 mg/kg compared to the control group. Conclusion Our observations showed that AgNPs played a critical role in in vivo renal toxicity.

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Morphological and Histological Features of the Vomeronasal Organ in African Pygmy Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1462

Author(s):

Daisuke Kondoh ◽

Yusuke Tanaka ◽

Yusuke K. Kawai ◽

Takayuki Mineshige ◽

Kenichi Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissues ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Vomeronasal Organ ◽

Sensory Epithelium ◽

Middle Part ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Histological Features ◽

Duct Opening ◽

Hematoxylin Eosin ◽

Rostral Part

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) detects specific chemicals such as pheromones and kairomones. Hedgehogs (Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae) have a well-developed accessory olfactory bulb that receives projections from the VNO, but little is known about the hedgehog VNO. Here, we studied the histological features of the VNO in five individual African pygmy hedgehogs by hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Alcian blue stains. The hedgehog VNO comprises a hyaline cartilage capsule, soft tissue and epithelial lumen, and it branches from the site just before the incisive duct opening into the nasal cavity. The soft tissues contain several small mucous (or mucoserous) glands and a large serous gland, and many venous sinuses all around the lumen. The VNO lumen is round to oval throughout the hedgehog VNO, and the sensory epithelium lines almost the entire rostral part and medial wall of the middle part. These findings indicate that the VNO is functional and plays an important role in the hedgehog. Notably, the VNO apparently has a characteristic flushing mechanism with serous secretions like those of gustatory glands, which the hedgehog might frequently use to recognize the external environment.

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