Role Expectations and Attitudes in Dual-Earner Families

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 394-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey D. Smith ◽  
William J. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Role Strain ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Role Overload ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Roles ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Dual Earner

Married women employed full time often experience role overload and role strain—a growing concern for social workers who work with women and families. Differences between husbands and wives in attitudes and expectations concerning family–work roles are compared, and the implications for social workers are discussed.

scholarly journals Gender-specific patterns and determinants of spillover between work and family: The role of partner support in dual-earner couples

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-98
Author(s):  
Ayhan Adams ◽  
Katrin Golsch
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Partner Support ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Family Conflicts ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Gender Specific

Objective: The study investigates how partner support affects different types of work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts in dual-earner couples divided by gender and parenthood. Background: In Germany, as in other Western Countries, interrole conflicts between work and family increase, especially within dual-earner couples. Only few studies focused on the effects of partner support on different types of these conflicts. Method: We use longitudinal data deriving from waves 6 to 10 of the German Family Panel (pairfam) to uncover the extent to which the perception of having a supportive partner reduces time- and strain-based work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts. We conduct longitudinal structural equation models based on information of 1,252 persons, which are full-time employed and live in a dual-earner relationship. Results: Whereas for men partner support helps reduce stress-based work-to-family conflicts, for women perceived partner support is not beneficial. Within a subsample of parents, the experience of work-to-family conflicts is likely irrespective of partner support. Overall, women’s family-to-work conflicts appear to be reduced by their partners’ support whereas for men this detrimental effect only applies in the case of stress-based family-to-work conflicts. Conclusion: To sum up the findings, the differences for men and women in the effect of partner support on different types of interrole conflicts indicate a still existing impact of traditional gender norms that connect femininity to house work and masculinity to employed work.

scholarly journals The Mixed Effect of Role Overload on Extra-Role Performance: The Mediation Role of Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Huang ◽  
Lina Ma ◽  
Wei Xia
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Role Overload ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Time Lagged

The findings of existing studies of how role overload affects employees’ performance in organizations have been mixed and controversial. We draw on the hindrance–challenge framework to suggest that role overload contains both hindrance and challenge stressor components. We integrate this theory with the behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation systems (BIS and BAS) perspective to develop hypotheses about the effects of role overload on employees’ extra-role performance (voice). We suggest that although role overload is positively associated with withdrawal (a prototypical response of the BIS system) and ultimately negatively influences extra-role performance, it can also trigger job crafting (a prototypical response of the BAS system) and is, consequently, positively associated with extra-role performance. We further posit that the strength of these indirect effects is moderated by the quality of leader–member exchange (LMX). To support these hypotheses, we conducted a time-lagged study of 450 full-time pre-school teachers from various Chinese kindergartens. As hypothesized, we found that withdrawal and job crafting mediated the relationship between role overload and extra-role performance. Further, LMX strengthens the positive relationship between role overload and job crafting. Taken together, our results suggest that role overload can be a mixed stressor that activates both negative and positive behaviors, thus ultimately having an impact on extra-role performance.

scholarly journals What Are Work-Related Predictors of Post-COVID-19 Home and Family Work Roles? A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Armaghan Dabbagh ◽  
Hoda Seens ◽  
James Fraser ◽  
Joy C. MacDermid
Keyword(s):  
Work Roles ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Work Related

The interactive effects of role overload and resilience on family-work enrichment and associated outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-701
Author(s):  
K. Michele Kacmar ◽  
Martha C. Andrews ◽  
Matthew Valle ◽  
C. Justice Tillman ◽  
Cherray Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Role Overload ◽  
Family Work

Preparing Student Social Workers to Support Inclusive Education in an Indian Context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Limaye
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Master's Program ◽  
The Individual

Children with disabilities have a variety of needs that require the expertise of several individuals. Multidisciplinary teams include professionals such as teachers, psychologists, social workers, physiotherapists, and resource teachers, who provide support services that help children with disabilities in inclusive educational environments. These teams often include social workers, but in India the role of the social worker is often overlooked and social workers have to struggle to prove their value. Historically, very few social worker education programs have offered specializations or training in inclusive education, and most social workers who worked with children with disabilities in inclusive settings learn the requisite knowledge, attitudes, and skills on the job. Many used the traditional model of social work rehabilitation, which focuses on the individual without relating to social and environmental contexts. The Center for Disability Studies and Action at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences in Mumbai, India, designed a full-time master’s program in Social Work in Disability Studies and Action, which trains social work professionals to work holistically with people with disabilities, including children with disabilities in inclusive educational settings. The master’s program combines the professional skills and knowledge components for social workers with the core values of inclusive education.

The Relative Rewards and Costs of Parenthood and Employment for Employed Women

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Beckman
Keyword(s):  
Role Conflict ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Mental Stimulation ◽  
Large Families

The perceived satisfactions and costs of parenthood and employment were examined and categorized for 123 professional and nonprofessional married women aged 28 to 39 who were employed full-time. High perceived role conflict between parenting and employment was associated with both lower parity and professional status. Women with large families more highly valued the companionship aspects of children and liked children more than did other women. Nonprofessionals were more concerned about extrinsic characteristics of the job (e.g., money), while professionals were more concerned about intrinsic factors (e.g., mental stimulation) and were more likely to see children as interfering with employment.

Tax Effects on the Net Income of Wives in Dual-Earner Households, 1980–1983

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-459
Author(s):  
Rose M. Rubin ◽  
Bobye J. Riney ◽  
Todd Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Tax Changes ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of changes in the federal income tax structure on net income of wives in dual-earner households between 1980 and 1983. Utilizing the second-earner net income model (SENIM), simulation distributions of net income of married full-time women workers, representing six occupational categories, are calculated for alternative spouse income levels and for households of different sizes. The resulting net income distributions are analyzed by paired comparison t-tests to determine the effects of tax changes on dual-earner households during the first Reagan administration. The findings indicate that the tax changes benefit dual-earner households at all income levels, but that lower-income households receive the least benefit, so that the effects are inequitable.

The Employment Pattern of Professional Couples and Their Distribution of Involvement in the Family

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Weingarten
Keyword(s):  
Family Involvement ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Employment History ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Employment Patterns ◽  
The Family ◽  
Employment Pattern ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Modes Of Interaction

Thirty-two two-profession couples in three different age groups with children were interviewed together to determine if there was a relationship between their employment pattern and their distribution of family involvement in the home. The couples followed one of two employment patterns: a similar employment history (SEH) in which both people had worked full-time and continuously and a dissimilar employment history (DEH) in which the husband had worked full-time and continuously but the wife had worked part-time. Their involvement in the home was measured by an 80-item interview that covered two modes of interaction in four task areas. Significant differences were found in the ways SEH and DEH couples allocated tasks. Of particular interest was the breakdown of an equitable distribution of tasks in the area of childcare for SEH couples. It was suggested that couples “negotiate” a division of labor that allows women to compensate for the time they spend away from the children and men to choose the family work that is less threatening to their masculine selves.

Gender and the Relationship Between Marital-Role Quality and Psychological Distress: A Study of Women and Men in Dual-Earner Couples

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind C. Barnett ◽  
Robert T. Brennan ◽  
Stephen W. Raudenbush ◽  
Nancy L. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Health States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Role Quality ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Job Role ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, we estimate the association between marital-role quality and psychological distress in a sample of 300 full-time employed women and men in dual-earner couples. We control for such individual-level variables as age, education, occupational prestige, and job-role quality, and for such couple-level variables as length of marriage, parental status, and household income. We then compare the magnitude of this effect for men and for women and for parents and nonparents. Results indicate that in dual-earner couples marital-role quality is significantly negatively associated with psychological distress for women as well as men and that the magnitude of the effect depends little, if at all, on gender or on parental status. These findings challenge the view that marital experiences more significantly influence women's mental health states than men's. The results are discussed in the context of identity theory.

scholarly journals Symmetry and Asymmetry in Working and Commuting Arrangements between Partners in the Netherlands: Does the Residential Context Matter?

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2181-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith de Meester ◽  
Maarten van Ham
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Residential Context ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Access ◽  
Made In

Time spent on work and commuting within dual-earner households is often analysed separately for individuals, but this does no justice to the reality of dual-earner households where decisions on work and commuting are made in a household context. This paper reports on a quantitative study of the impact of the residential context on working arrangements and commuting arrangements of partners in couple and family households. Using multinomial logistic regression, we analysed data from the 2002 Netherlands Housing Demand Survey and the 2004 ABF Real Estate Monitor. The results show a (gendered) effect of residential location in terms of degree of urbanisation and job access on both working and commuting arrangements. Good access to jobs makes it more likely that couples have a symmetric full-time working arrangement and also more likely that both partners work far away from home. Those in symmetric full-time working arrangements are also those most likely to be in symmetric close commuting arrangements. This finding reflects the substantial time pressure on such households.

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