A review on electroactive polymers development for aerospace applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (19) ◽  
pp. 3681-3695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musavir Bashir ◽  
Parvathy Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Active Flap

Newfangled smart materials have inspired the researchers to look for more efficient materials that can respond to specific stimuli and retain the original shape. Electroactive polymers are such materials which are capable of sensing and real-time actuation. Various electroactive polymers are excellent candidates due to high strain rate, fast response, reliability and high mechanical compliance despite tough manufacturing. In this study, electroactive polymers are reviewed and the general enabling mechanisms employing their distinct characteristics are presented, and the factors influencing the properties of various electroactive polymers are also discussed. Our study also enumerates the current trends in the development of electroactive polymers along with its progress in aerospace discipline. The electromechanical properties of electroactive polymer materials endow them the capability to work as both sensors and actuators in the field of aerospace. Hence, we provide an overview of various applications of electroactive polymers in aerospace field, notably aircraft morphing. These actuators are vastly used in aerospace applications like Mars Nano-rover, space robotic, flapping wings and active flap. Therefore, the electroactive polymer applications such as effective actuators can be investigated more in their materials, molecular interactions, electromechanics and actuation mechanisms. Considering electroactive polymers unique properties, they will endeavour the great potential applications within aerospace industry.

scholarly journals Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Sensors

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoseph Bar-Cohen ◽  
Qiming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Reverse Effect ◽  
Mechanical Motion ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Property Changes

AbstractPolymers are highly attractive for their inherent properties of mechanical flexibility, light weight, and easy processing. In addition, some polymers exhibit large property changes in response to electrical stimulation, much beyond what is achievable by inorganic materials. This adds significant benefit to their potential applications.The focus of this issue of MRS Bulletin is on polymers that are electromechanically responsive, which are also known as electroactive polymers (EAPs). These polymers respond to electric field or current with strain and stress, and some of them also exhibit the reverse effect of converting mechanical motion to an electrical signal.There are many types of known polymers that respond electromechanically, and they can be divided according to their activation mechanism into field-activated and ionic EAPs. The articles in this issue cover the key material types used in these two groups, review the mechanisms that drive them, and provide examples of applications and current challenges. Recent advances in the development of these materials have led to improvement in the induced strain and force and the further application of EAPs as actuators for mimicking biologic systems and sensors. As described in this issue, the use of these actuators is enabling exciting applications that would be considered impossible otherwise.

scholarly journals Dielectric Electroactive Polymers with Chemical Pre-Strain: An Experimentally Validated Model

Actuators ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Brittany Newell ◽  
Jose Garcia ◽  
Gary Krutz
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
One Step

Dielectric electroactive polymer materials represent a distinct group of smart materials that are capable of converting between electrical and mechanical energy. This research focuses on the modeling and testing of an industrial grade fluoropolymer material for its feasibility as a dielectric elastomer electroactive polymer. Through this process, a novel chemical pre-strain method was tested, along with a one-step process for application of pre-strain and addition of an elastomer conductive layer. Modeled and experimental actuators produced approximately 1 mm displacements with 0.625 W of electrical power. The displacement of the actuators was characterized, and the effects of multiple parameters were modeled and analyzed.

scholarly journals A Review on Current Trends of Polymers in Orthodontics: BPA-Free and Smart Materials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Rozita Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan ◽  
Abdul Manaf Abdullah ◽  
Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Dental Composites ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Future Utility

Polymeric materials have always established an edge over other classes of materials due to their potential applications in various fields of biomedical engineering. Orthodontics is an emerging field in which polymers have attracted the enormous attention of researchers. In particular, thermoplastic materials have a great future utility in orthodontics, both as aligners and as retainer appliances. In recent years, the use of polycarbonate brackets and base monomers bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (bis-GMA) has been associated with the potential release of bisphenol A (BPA) in the oral environment. BPA is a toxic compound that acts as an endocrine disruptor that can affect human health. Therefore, there is a continuous search for non-BPA materials with satisfactory mechanical properties and an esthetic appearance as an alternative to polycarbonate brackets and conventional bis-GMA compounds. This study aims to review the recent developments of BPA-free monomers in the application of resin dental composites and adhesives. The most promising polymeric smart materials are also discussed for their relevance to future orthodontic applications.

scholarly journals Modeling of Dielectric Electroactive Polymer Actuators with Elliptical Shapes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5633
Author(s):  
Jakub Bernat ◽  
Jakub Kołota
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Double Cone ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Standard Approach ◽  
Additional Mass ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Circular Shape ◽  
Polymer Actuators ◽  
The Many

Dielectric electroactive polymers have been widely used in recent applications based on smart materials. The many advantages of dielectric membranes, such as softness and responsiveness to electric stimuli, have lead to their application in actuators. Recently, researchers have aimed to improve the design of dielectric electroactive polymer actuators. The modifications of DEAP actuators are designed to change the bias mechanism, such as spring, pneumatic, and additional mass, or to provide a double cone configuration. In this work, the modification of the shape of the actuator was analyzed. In the standard approach, a circular shape is often used, while this research uses an elliptical shape for the actuator. In this study, it was shown that this construction allows a wider range of movement. The paper describes a new design of the device and its model. Further, the device is verified by the measurements.

scholarly journals Biopolymers and its application as electroactive polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-277
Author(s):  
Rigel Antonio Olvera Bernal ◽  
M. V. Uspenskaya ◽  
R. O. Olekhnovich
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electrical Stimuli

Smart materials are a group of materials that exhibit the ability to change their composition or structure, their electrical and/or mechanical properties, or even their functions in response to an external stimulus such as heat, light, electricity, pressure, etc. Some of the advantages of these materials are: lightweight, flexibility, low cost of production, high energy density, fast response and compact size. One of the promises in the area of smart materials can be found in “smart polymer”. Polymers have many attractive characteristics, such as: lightweight, inexpensiveness, fractures tolerant, and pliable. Furthermore, they can be configured into almost any conceivable shape and their properties can be tailored according to the required needs. The capability of electroactive polymers (EAPs) to respond to electrical stimuli with a mechanical response, is attracting the attention of the scientific community from a wide range of disciplines. Biopolymers in recent decades have been studied as potential electroactive materials. These groups of polymers are extracted from a natural source; thus, they are eco-friendly, additionally they stand as a cheaper solution for the development of smart materials.The present manuscript will explore some of its applications as EAPs.

scholarly journals Effect of Marine Environmental Conditions on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Composites—A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H B. Mayya ◽  
Dayananda Pai ◽  
Vijaya M. Kini ◽  
Padmaraj N H
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Term Performance

AbstractFiber-reinforced polymer materials are finding their increasing importance as structural material in marine, civil and aerospace applications. The durability and potential applications of these structures are influenced by the susceptibility to working environments. The ease of prediction of degradation of mechanical property becomes cumbersome due to the heterogeneity of constituent materials and non-standardized weathering conditions. This review article presents a study of long-term performance behavior of composite structures exposed to moisture, temperature, ultraviolet radiation and alkaline solution. Reduction in modulus due to increasing temperature, swelling of polymers due to moisture absorption and scission or alteration of polymer structures are either due to the attack of chemical mediums or ultraviolet rays observed in polymer composites during their service life.

scholarly journals Click Chemistry Enabling Covalent and Non-Covalent Modifications of Graphene with (Poly)saccharides

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Hu Li ◽  
Raffaello Papadakis
Keyword(s):  
Click Chemistry ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Covalent Modifications

Graphene is a material with outstanding properties and numerous potential applications in a wide range of research and technology areas, spanning from electronics, energy materials, sensors, and actuators to life-science and many more. However, the insolubility and poor dispersibility of graphene are two major problems hampering its use in certain applications. Tethering mono-, di-, or even poly-saccharides on graphene through click-chemistry is gaining more and more attention as a key modification approach leading to new graphene-based materials (GBM) with improved hydrophilicity and substantial dispersibility in polar solvents, e.g., water. The attachment of (poly)saccharides on graphene further renders the final GBMs biocompatible and could open new routes to novel biomedical and environmental applications. In this review, recent modifications of graphene and other carbon rich materials (CRMs) through click chemistry are reviewed.

scholarly journals Characterization of Sputtered Shape Memory Alloy Ni-Ti Films by Cross-sectional TEM and SEM

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (S3) ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
R.M.S. Martins ◽  
A. Mücklich ◽  
N. Schell ◽  
R.J.C. Silva ◽  
K.K. Mahesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
Ti Films

Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) have been attracting attention as smart materials because they can work as sensors and actuators at the same time. Miniaturization of mechanical devices is evolving toward sub-micron dimensions raising important questions in the properties of Ni-Ti films. In thin films it is essential to investigate the microstructure to understand the origin of the thickness limit. The design of functionally graded films has also been considered but for their successful development it is important to characterize the variations in crystalline structure.

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Derived from Natural Resources and Its Blends: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1396
Author(s):  
Z. N. Diyana ◽  
R. Jumaidin ◽  
Mohd Zulkefli Selamat ◽  
Ihwan Ghazali ◽  
Norliza Julmohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Significant Attention

Thermoplastic starch composites have attracted significant attention due to the rise of environmental pollutions induced by the use of synthetic petroleum-based polymer materials. The degradation of traditional plastics requires an unusually long time, which may lead to high cost and secondary pollution. To solve these difficulties, more petroleum-based plastics should be substituted with sustainable bio-based plastics. Renewable and natural materials that are abundant in nature are potential candidates for a wide range of polymers, which can be used to replace their synthetic counterparts. This paper focuses on some aspects of biopolymers and their classes, providing a description of starch as a main component of biopolymers, composites, and potential applications of thermoplastics starch-based in packaging application. Currently, biopolymer composites blended with other components have exhibited several enhanced qualities. The same behavior is also observed when natural fibre is incorporated with biopolymers. However, it should be noted that the degree of compatibility between starch and other biopolymers extensively varies depending on the specific biopolymer. Although their efficacy is yet to reach the level of their fossil fuel counterparts, biopolymers have made a distinguishing mark, which will continue to inspire the creation of novel substances for many years to come.

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