scholarly journals Effect of Marine Environmental Conditions on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Composites—A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H B. Mayya ◽  
Dayananda Pai ◽  
Vijaya M. Kini ◽  
Padmaraj N H
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Term Performance

AbstractFiber-reinforced polymer materials are finding their increasing importance as structural material in marine, civil and aerospace applications. The durability and potential applications of these structures are influenced by the susceptibility to working environments. The ease of prediction of degradation of mechanical property becomes cumbersome due to the heterogeneity of constituent materials and non-standardized weathering conditions. This review article presents a study of long-term performance behavior of composite structures exposed to moisture, temperature, ultraviolet radiation and alkaline solution. Reduction in modulus due to increasing temperature, swelling of polymers due to moisture absorption and scission or alteration of polymer structures are either due to the attack of chemical mediums or ultraviolet rays observed in polymer composites during their service life.

A review on electroactive polymers development for aerospace applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (19) ◽  
pp. 3681-3695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musavir Bashir ◽  
Parvathy Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Active Flap

Newfangled smart materials have inspired the researchers to look for more efficient materials that can respond to specific stimuli and retain the original shape. Electroactive polymers are such materials which are capable of sensing and real-time actuation. Various electroactive polymers are excellent candidates due to high strain rate, fast response, reliability and high mechanical compliance despite tough manufacturing. In this study, electroactive polymers are reviewed and the general enabling mechanisms employing their distinct characteristics are presented, and the factors influencing the properties of various electroactive polymers are also discussed. Our study also enumerates the current trends in the development of electroactive polymers along with its progress in aerospace discipline. The electromechanical properties of electroactive polymer materials endow them the capability to work as both sensors and actuators in the field of aerospace. Hence, we provide an overview of various applications of electroactive polymers in aerospace field, notably aircraft morphing. These actuators are vastly used in aerospace applications like Mars Nano-rover, space robotic, flapping wings and active flap. Therefore, the electroactive polymer applications such as effective actuators can be investigated more in their materials, molecular interactions, electromechanics and actuation mechanisms. Considering electroactive polymers unique properties, they will endeavour the great potential applications within aerospace industry.

Complex three- dimensional-shaped knitting preforms for composite application

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1536-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Hamouda
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Complex Shapes

For decades, street lighting and electric poles are made of metal and it is vulnerable to corrosion due to the harsh weather and chemicals. To overcome such essential problems, galvanized iron is used although it adds more hard work to increase the manufacturing cost. Therefore, fiber reinforced polymer lighting pole is proposed. Fiber reinforced polymer materials possess many advantages such as corrosion resistance, high specific strength and stiffness, etc. Two-dimensional woven fabrics and three-dimensional woven fabrics preforms are used to produce composite structures. However, complex shapes cannot be manufactured as a one piece preform. Woven fabrics, whether two-dimensional or three-dimensional need to be cut into patterns to finally produce the complex shapes. These processes add more cost and time to the final composite products. In this research, innovative technique to produce a three-dimensional complex shape knitted preform using regular flat-knitting machine will be presented. Production of such shaped three-dimensional preform permits the production of one piece-shaped preform without any connection or further sewing processes. Produced knitted preform can be used for various reinforcement applications such as light and communication poles, scaffold façades, traffic sign, oars, and wind mill blades.

Investigating the effect of the aging process on LDPE composites with UV protective additives

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572094190
Author(s):  
Sabih Ovalı ◽  
Erhan Sancak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Matrix Production ◽  
Ldpe Composites ◽  
Harmful Effects

The contact with ultraviolet rays coming from sunlight causes color changes and deterioration in the main chain structures of composites in outdoor applications and affects the physical and mechanical properties of composite materials negatively. Photodegradation can be slowed and the mechanical strength of composite structures can be improved with adding photostabilizers in polymer matrix production. In this study, we modified low-density polyethylene (LDPE) polymer with an amine light stabilizer (Chimassorb 944), a light absorbent (Tinuvin 326), and an antioxidant (Irganox 1010) and then reinforced with jute fabric (JF). We examined the effect of protective additives, which are used to reduce the harmful effects of sunlight, on JF-reinforced LDPE composites. The color change, physical, and mechanical properties of the composites were determined after 120- and 240-h accelerated aging processes. The results indicate that both the antioxidants and the amine light stabilizers were more effective photostabilizers for JF-reinforced LDPE composites than the absorbents.

scholarly journals Weibull Probabilistic Model of Moisture Concentration Build Up in a Fiber Graphite/Epoxy Polymer Composite under Varying Hydrothermal Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Boucham Belhadj ◽  
Lousdad Abdelkader ◽  
Alaa Chateauneuf
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Structural Applications

Advanced mechanical and structural applications require accurate assessment and better knowledge of the damage state during elaboration and service. The development of life prediction methodologies for Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRPs) has increased with the use of composites in different industries. It is important to develop through thickness degradation analyses due to ageing in order to predict its effect on the lifetime of composite structures. This study aims to model the moisture absorption, the concentration of the absorbed fluid and the reduction of mechanical properties in the through the thickness direction of a GFRPs structure. The water absorption behavior of woven glass fiber reinforced cyanate ester composites used in the plenum of the air conditioning pack of aircraft environmental control system has been modeled. The combined models describe the diffusion procedure primarily at material level and continuously at structure level. The amount of the absorbed moisture can be crucial for the mechanical behavior of the structure. Therefore, there is a need for a better understanding of the evolution of mechanical properties during ageing. The procedure utilizes the results of the diffusion model to calculate the moduli degradation during the water uptake process. Predictive models have been proposed by considering different sections throughout the thickness and provide a solid background for modeling the long term behavior of a structure exposed at different temperature and different time period. This work performed the numerical studies on the effect of moisture, temperature and presents some useful instructions for the evaluation of such composite structures.

Joule-Heating Activated Flexible Composite Structures Using Shape Memory Epoxy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu Wang ◽  
David Lee ◽  
Yingtao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Joule Heating ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Flexible Composites ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

In this paper, a novel shape memory epoxy based composites is employed to design and develop new flexible composites for aerospace applications. The epoxy and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy were first synthesized and characterized to understand their shape memory property. The characterized epoxy is used as the polymer matrix in carbon fiber reinforced composites. The shape memory function of the fabricated composites is experimental characterized using the Joule-heating based method. The Joule-heating based activation method using direct electrical current is systematically characterized to understand the shape recovery speed at different temperature. It was observed that the developed composites have good flexibility and response to Joule heat quickly during deployment. Such composite materials can be further used to design and develop flexible composites and aerospace structures, such as satellite panel trusses and solar sail boom structures.

The effect of nanoparticle additive on surface milling in glass fiber reinforced composite structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110141
Author(s):  
Ferhat Ceritbinmez ◽  
Ahmet Yapici ◽  
Erdoğan Kanca
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composite ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Composite Layers

In this study, the effect of adding nanosize additive to glass fiber reinforced composite plates on mechanical properties and surface milling was investigated. In the light of the investigations, with the addition of MWCNTs additive in the composite production, the strength of the material has been changed and the more durable composite materials have been obtained. Slots were opened with different cutting speed and feed rate parameters to the composite layers. Surface roughness of the composite layers and slot size were examined and also abrasions of cutting tools used in cutting process were determined. It was observed that the addition of nanoparticles to the laminated glass fiber composite materials played an effective role in the strength of the material and caused cutting tool wear.

Optical strain measurements on fast moving fiber reinforced polymer rotors using diffraction gratings

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Julian Lich ◽  
Tino Wollmann ◽  
Angelos Filippatos ◽  
Maik Gude ◽  
Robert Kuschmierz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Body Movements

AbstractIn-situ measurements of the deformation and of the structural dynamical behavior of moving composite structures, such as rotors made of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP), are necessary in order to validate newly developed simulation models. Local methods like strain gauges and fiber Bragg gratings lack spatial resolution, while contactless optical methods like image correlation or speckle interferometry suffer from noise effects in the presence of fast rigid body movements. A novel compact sensor – based on the diffraction grating method – is introduced for spatially and temporally resolved strain measurement. The use of a line camera allows the measurement of vibrations up to several tens of kHz. With a scanning movement, strain fields at submillimeter resolution can be recorded. The use of two diffraction orders and an objective lens reduces cross sensitivities to rigid body movements on the strain measurement by two to three orders of magnitude. A validation on a GFRP probe was conducted in a quasi-static tensile test with an optical extensometer up to 14500 µϵ. Furthermore, a strain measurement on a moving rotor at surface speeds up to 75 m/s was performed and the results were compared with those of strain gauges as a gold standard. The statistical standard deviation was around 10 µϵ and independent of the rotational speed.

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