scholarly journals Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Sensors

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoseph Bar-Cohen ◽  
Qiming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Reverse Effect ◽  
Mechanical Motion ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Property Changes

AbstractPolymers are highly attractive for their inherent properties of mechanical flexibility, light weight, and easy processing. In addition, some polymers exhibit large property changes in response to electrical stimulation, much beyond what is achievable by inorganic materials. This adds significant benefit to their potential applications.The focus of this issue of MRS Bulletin is on polymers that are electromechanically responsive, which are also known as electroactive polymers (EAPs). These polymers respond to electric field or current with strain and stress, and some of them also exhibit the reverse effect of converting mechanical motion to an electrical signal.There are many types of known polymers that respond electromechanically, and they can be divided according to their activation mechanism into field-activated and ionic EAPs. The articles in this issue cover the key material types used in these two groups, review the mechanisms that drive them, and provide examples of applications and current challenges. Recent advances in the development of these materials have led to improvement in the induced strain and force and the further application of EAPs as actuators for mimicking biologic systems and sensors. As described in this issue, the use of these actuators is enabling exciting applications that would be considered impossible otherwise.

A review on electroactive polymers development for aerospace applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (19) ◽  
pp. 3681-3695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musavir Bashir ◽  
Parvathy Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Active Flap

Newfangled smart materials have inspired the researchers to look for more efficient materials that can respond to specific stimuli and retain the original shape. Electroactive polymers are such materials which are capable of sensing and real-time actuation. Various electroactive polymers are excellent candidates due to high strain rate, fast response, reliability and high mechanical compliance despite tough manufacturing. In this study, electroactive polymers are reviewed and the general enabling mechanisms employing their distinct characteristics are presented, and the factors influencing the properties of various electroactive polymers are also discussed. Our study also enumerates the current trends in the development of electroactive polymers along with its progress in aerospace discipline. The electromechanical properties of electroactive polymer materials endow them the capability to work as both sensors and actuators in the field of aerospace. Hence, we provide an overview of various applications of electroactive polymers in aerospace field, notably aircraft morphing. These actuators are vastly used in aerospace applications like Mars Nano-rover, space robotic, flapping wings and active flap. Therefore, the electroactive polymer applications such as effective actuators can be investigated more in their materials, molecular interactions, electromechanics and actuation mechanisms. Considering electroactive polymers unique properties, they will endeavour the great potential applications within aerospace industry.

Electroactive Polymer (EAP) as Actuators for Biomimetic Applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Bar-Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Electrical Excitation ◽  
Reverse Effect ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Braille Display

Many polymers are known to vary their shape or size when subjected to electric, chemical, pneumatic, optical, or magnetic field. Electrical excitation is one of the most attractive methods for causing elastic deformation. The convenience and practicality of electrical stimulation and the recent advances in electroactive polymers (EAP) make them the most preferred among the responsive polymers. An added benefit of some of the EAP materials is their having the reverse effect of converting mechanical strain to electrical signal making them useful for sensors and energy harvesting mechanisms. To bring these materials to use in daily use products will necessitate finding niche that addresses critical needs. One of the main applications that are being considered for biologically inspired capabilities, also known as biomimetics, which were previously imaginable only in science fiction concepts. Some of the applications that are considered include Refreshable Braille Display, Robotic Fish, Fish-like Blimp, Humanlike Robots and many others. In the paper, the latest development in EAP materials and their applications will be reviewed and discussed.

Compliant Actuators Based on Electroactive Polymers

1999 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
S G. Wax ◽  
R. R. Sands ◽  
L. J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Mammalian Muscle ◽  
Polymer Actuator ◽  
Compliant Actuators

AbstractThe field of Electroactive Polymers has experienced a considerable amount of expansion over the last decade. Much of this work has been concentrated on developing polymeric materials that mimic biological systems or that exhibit electronic and optical properties similar to inorganic materials. This paper briefly reviews some of the nearer term applications that electroactive polymers might impact: image processing and sonar. In addition, a review of compliant actuators based on the unique properties inherent in electroactive polymers is provided. Emphasis will be placed on the mechanisms responsible for actuation and on the limited mechanical, electrical and chemical data current available. A comparison between mammalian muscle properties and electroactive polymer actuator properties is provided.

Exploration of an Electroactive Polymer as an Actuator for Microrobotics

2003 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bielmeier ◽  
W. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Parallel Plate Capacitor ◽  
Steady State Current ◽  
A Current ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThe development of lightweight low power consumption actuators is critical to the development of micro-robotics. Electroactive Polymers (EAP), i.e. Nafion N-117, meet these requirements. In the actuation of an EAP, the current does not remain constant over time. The development of a circuit model of current draw over time to best predict a current dynamic has been explored. While the material mimics a parallel plate capacitor, it has been found that capacitance plays no role in achieving steady state current levels. This development is critical to understanding and developing the material as an actuator.

scholarly journals 2,7(3,6)-Diaryl(arylamino)-substituted Carbazoles as Components of OLEDs: A Review of the Last Decade

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6754
Author(s):  
Gintare Krucaite ◽  
Saulius Grigalevicius
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Delayed Fluorescence ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Carrier Injection ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Host Materials ◽  
Useful Components ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Forming Characteristics

Organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a new, promising technology in the field of lighting and display applications due to the advantages offered by its organic electroactive derivatives over inorganic materials. OLEDs have prompted a great deal of investigations within academia as well as in industry because of their potential applications. The electroactive layers of OLEDs can be fabricated from low molecular weight derivatives by vapor deposition or from polymers by spin coating from their solution. Among the low-molar-mass compounds under investigation in this field, carbazole-based materials have been studied at length for their useful chemical and electronic characteristics. The carbazole is an electron-rich heterocyclic compound, whose structure can be easily modified by rather simple reactions in order to obtain 2,7(3,6)-diaryl(arylamino)-substituted carbazoles. The substituted derivatives are widely used for the formation of OLEDs due to their good charge carrier injection and transfer characteristics, electroluminescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, improved thermal and morphological stability as well as their thin film forming characteristics. On the other hand, relatively high triplet energies of some substituted carbazole-based compounds make them useful components as host materials even for wide bandgap triplet emitters. The present review focuses on 2,7(3,6)-diaryl(arylamino)-substituted carbazoles, which were described in the last decade and were applied as charge-transporting layers, fluorescent and phosphorescent emitters as well as host materials for OLED devices.

scholarly journals Functionality Investigation of the UAV Arranged FMCW Solid-State Marine Radar

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Saulius Rudys ◽  
Andrius Laučys ◽  
Dainius Udris ◽  
Raimondas Pomarnacki ◽  
Domantas Bručas
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Radio Interference ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Interference Level ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Marine Radar ◽  
Rotary Wing

Some models of marine radars are light-weight enough and thus are attractive for potential applications when arranged on UAVs. Elevating a marine radar to high altitudes provides a much wider field of view, however, this could lead to a higher radio interference level. The practical estimation of the radio interferences affecting the solid-state FMCW marine radar at altitudes up to 120 m was the main objective of this contribution. A rotary-wing octocopter UAV was developed and built for the experiments. Two different kinds of interferences were observed at higher altitudes. Ray-like interferences were caused by signals, which are received by the radar’s antenna. Circle-like interferences appear due to the low frequency interfering signal directly penetrating the detector due to insufficient receiver screening.

scholarly journals Application and Analysis of an Ionic Liquid Gel in a Soft Robot

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Chenghong Zhang ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Zhipeng Wang ◽  
Yanmin Zhou ◽  
Aiguo Ming
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Soft Robot ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Basic Module ◽  
Soft Actuator ◽  
New Type ◽  
Soft Actuators

Due to their light weight, flexibility, and low energy consumption, ionic electroactive polymers have become a hotspot for bionic soft robotics and are ideal materials for the preparation of soft actuators. Because the traditional ionic electroactive polymers, such as ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs), contain water ions, a soft actuator does not work properly upon the evaporation of water ions. An ionic liquid polymer gel is a new type of ionic electroactive polymer that does not contain water ions, and ionic liquids are more thermally and electrochemically stable than water. These liquids, with a low melting point and a high ionic conductivity, can be used in ionic electroactive polymer soft actuators. An ionic liquid gel (ILG), a new type of soft actuator material, was obtained by mixing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), diethoxyacetophenone (DEAP) and ZrO2 and then polymerizing this mixture into a gel state under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. An ILG soft actuator was designed, the material preparation principle was expounded, and the design method of the soft robot mechanism was discussed. Based on nonlinear finite element theory, the deformation mechanism of the ILG actuator was deeply analyzed and the deformation of the soft robot when grabbing an object was also analyzed. A soft robot was designed with the soft actuator as the basic module. The experimental results show that the ILG soft robot has good driving performance, and the soft robot can grab a 105 mg object at an input voltage of 3.5 V.

scholarly journals Prospects for electroactive and conducting framework materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2149) ◽  
pp. 20180226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Murase ◽  
Bowen Ding ◽  
Qinyi Gu ◽  
Deanna M. D'Alessandro
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Framework Materials ◽  
Solar Energy Harvesting ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
The Rich

Electroactive and conducting framework materials, encompassing coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks, have captured the imagination of the scientific community owing to their highly designable nanoporous structures and their potential applications in electrochromic devices, electrocatalysts, porous conductors, batteries and solar energy harvesting systems, among many others. While they are now considered integral members of the broader field of inorganic materials, it is timely to reflect upon their strengths and challenges compared with ‘traditional’ solid-state materials such as minerals, pigments and zeolites. Indeed, the latter have been known since ancient times and have been prized for centuries in fields as diverse as art, archaeology and industrial catalysis. This opinion piece considers a brief historical perspective of traditional electroactive and conducting inorganic materials, with a view towards very recent experimental progress and new directions for future progress in the burgeoning area of coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks. Overall, this article bears testament to the rich history of electroactive solids and looks at the challenges inspiring a new generation of scientists. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mineralomimesis: natural and synthetic frameworks in science and technology’.

scholarly journals Biodegradable electroactive polymers for electrochemically-triggered drug delivery

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (39) ◽  
pp. 6809-6822 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Hardy ◽  
David J. Mouser ◽  
Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás ◽  
Sydney Geissler ◽  
Jacqueline K. Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Drug Delivery Devices

We report biodegradable electroactive polymer (EAP)-based materials and their application as drug delivery devices.

Fabrication of Periodic Arrays of Nanoscale Square Helices

2002 ◽  
Vol 728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O. Jensen ◽  
Scott R. Kennedy ◽  
Michael J. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Band Gap ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Periodic Arrays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Third Dimension

AbstractWe demonstrate fabrication of periodic arrays of nanometre scale square helices, with potential applications in three-dimensional photonic bandgap (PBG) materials. Processing is performed using a thin film deposition method known as Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD). Through advanced substrate motion, this technique allows for controlled growth of square helices in a variety of inorganic materials. Organization of the helices into periodic twodimensional geometries is achieved by prepatterning the substrate surface using electron beam lithography. The regular turns of the helices yield periodicity in the third dimension, perpendicular to the substrate. We present studies of tetragonal and trigonal arrays of silicon helices, with lattice constants as low as 300 nm. By deliberately adding or leaving out seeds in the substrate pattern, we have succeeded in engineering line defects. Our periodic nanoscale structure closely matches an ideal photonic band gap architecture, as recently proposed by Toader and John. While our fabrication technique is simpler than most suggested PBG schemes, it is highly versatile. A wide range of materials can be used for GLAD, manipulation of lattice constant and helix pitch ensures optical tunability, and the GLAD films are robust to micromachining.

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