Validity and Reliability of the Dying Care Process and Outcome Scales Before and After Death From the Bereaved Family Members’ Perspective

Objective: There are no instruments evaluating the processes and outcomes of dying care right before and after death. Therefore, we developed and examined the validity and reliability of 2 scales for evaluating dying care processes and outcomes before and after death. Methods: A cross-sectional, anonymous questionnaire was administered to bereaved family members of patients with cancer who had died in 5 facilities. We evaluated the Dying Care Process Scale for Bereaved Family Members (DPS-B) and the Dying Care Outcome Scale for Bereaved Family Members (DOS-B) with 345 bereaved family members. Results: A factor analysis revealed that DPS-B and DOS-B each consisted of 4 subscales. For the DPS-B, they were “symptom management,” “respect for the patient’s dignity before and after death,” “explanation to the family,” and “family care.” For the DOS-B, they were “peaceful dying process for the patient,” “being respected as a person before and after death,” “good relationship between the patient and family,” and “peaceful dying process for the family.” Both DPS-B and DOS-B had sufficient convergent and discriminative validity, sufficient internal consistency (DPS-B: α = 0.91 and subscales’ αs = 0.78-0.91; DOS-B: α = 0.91 and subscales’ αs = 0.78-0.94), and sufficient test–retest reliability (DPS-B: intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] of total score = 0.79 and subscales = 0.55-0.79; DOS-B: ICC of total score = 0.88 and subscales = 0.70-0.88). Significance of Results: Both DPS-B and DOS-B are valid and reliable scales for evaluating the dying care processes and outcomes before and after death from the bereaved family members’ perspectives.

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Care for Imminently Dying Cancer Patients: Family Members' Experiences and Recommendations

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.23.2793 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 142-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Takuya Shinjo ◽

Tatsuya Morita ◽

Kei Hirai ◽

Mitsunori Miyashita ◽

Kazuki Sato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Emotional Distress ◽

Medical Staff ◽

Family Members ◽

Nationwide Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dying Patients ◽

The Family ◽

High Level ◽

Bereaved Family

Purpose The aim of this study was to clarify the level of emotional distress experienced by bereaved family members and the perceived necessity for improvement in the care for imminently dying patients and to explore possible causes of distress and alleviating measures. Methods A cross-sectional nationwide survey was performed in 2007 of bereaved families of cancer patients at 95 palliative care units across Japan. Results Questionnaires were sent to 670 families, and 76% responded. Families reported their experiences as very distressing in 45% of cases. Regarding care, 1.2% of respondents believed that a lot of improvement was needed, compared with 58% who believed no improvement was needed. Determinants of high-level distress were a younger patient age, being a spouse, and overhearing conversations between the medical staff outside the room at the time of the patient's death; those reporting high-level necessity of improvement were less likely to have encountered attempts to ensure the patient's comfort, received less family coaching on how to care for the patient, and felt that insufficient time was allowed for the family to grieve after the patient's death. Conclusion A considerable number of families experienced severe emotional distress when their family member died. Thus, we propose that a desirable care concept for imminently dying cancer patients should include relief of patient suffering, family advisement on how to care for the patient, allowance of enough time for the family to grieve, and ensuring that family members cannot overhear medical staff conversations at the time of the patient's death.

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EKSPRESI EMOSI KELUARGA YANG MERAWAT PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA

Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Imelda ◽

10.52943/jikeperawatan.v6i2.403 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 117-122

Author(s):

Jek Amidos Pardede

Keyword(s):

Mental Hospital ◽

Family Members ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Emotional Expressions ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Family ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Expression Of Emotions ◽

The Individual

Expression of emotions in the family can be an expression that reflects the high expression of negative emotions. Expressions of high emotion show an attitude that is full of criticism and hatred. It arises when parents or other family members assume that the disorder is influenced by internal factors and must be controlled by the individual. This study aims to determine the emotional expression of the family of schizophrenic patients in the mental hospital. Prof. dr. Muhammad Ildrem Medan. The research design used was descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all families who have family members with outpatient schizophrenia patients at Prof. dr. Muhammad Ildrem Mental Hospital in Medan as many as 900 people. The sample of this research is 90 families. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The data collection tool used a questionnaire of 18 statements that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results showed the majority of respondents who treated patients had low emotional expressions, and the majority of respondents who treated more than one patient had high emotional expressions. Therefore, this research is expected to give attention to the families of sick family members to assist them in healing their illnesses.

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The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Family Inventory of Needs

Palliative & Supportive Care ◽

10.1017/s1478951521000833 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Zeynep Sağlam ◽

Zeliha Koç

Keyword(s):

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Family Members ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Turkish Version ◽

Translation Process ◽

The Family ◽

Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽

Palliative Care Units

Abstract Objective The aim of this methodological study was to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Family Inventory of Needs. Methods The universe of the study consisted of 300 family members of inpatients hospitalized in the palliative care units of four hospitals in northern Turkey between April 12, 2019 and December 30, 2019. The translation process was performed in multiple stages using the forward–backward translation model. The reliability of the Family Inventory of Needs was evaluated using the Cronbach α reliability coefficient and item-total score correlations. Exploratory factor analyses were applied to examine the factor structure of the scale and its construct validity. To test the time invariance of the scale, the relationships between the scores obtained from the first and second applications were examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value of the Family Inventory of Needs was found to be 0.893. The items of the Family Inventory of Needs were found to explain 45.23% of the total variance in scores. The Turkish form of the scale consisted of the importance and fulfillment subdimensions, and had 19 items. The ICCs of the test–retest scores of the importance and fulfillment subdimensions of the Family Inventory of Needs were found to be, respectively, ICC = 1.000 and ICC = 0.730 with a positive, linear, and highly significant relationship between the scores. The item-total score correlation coefficients of the scale were found to vary between 0.920 and 0.908 in the importance subdimension, and between 0.930 and 0.922 in the fulfillment subdimension. Significance of results The Turkish version of the Family Inventory of Needs was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be safely used with the family members of Turkish inpatients.

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Symptoms of Prolonged Grief and Self-Reported Health Among Bereaved Family Members of Persons Who Died From Sudden Cardiac Arrest

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.1177/00302228211018115 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003022282110181

Author(s):

Nina Carlsson ◽

Anette Alvariza ◽

Anders Bremer ◽

Lena Axelsson ◽

Kristofer Årestedt

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Family Members ◽

Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽

Western World ◽

Observation Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prolonged Grief ◽

The Family ◽

Reported Health ◽

Bereaved Family

Sudden cardiac arrest is common and is one of the leading causes of death in the western world, and the sudden loss following cardiac arrest may have a significant impact on bereaved family members’ health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe symptoms of prolonged grief and self-reported health among bereaved family members of persons who died from sudden cardiac arrest, with comparisons between spouses and non-spouses. This was a cross-sectional observation study with 108 adult family members who completed a questionnaire. A fifth of the family members reported prolonged grief, and problems with self-reported health were common, especially regarding anxiety. Spouses reported more problems with prolonged grief and self-reported health compared with non-spouses. The risk of these family members developing prolonged grief and health problems should be recognized, and professional support should be offered.

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Support received by family members before, at and after an ill person’s death

BMC Palliative Care ◽

10.1186/s12904-021-00800-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anna O’Sullivan ◽

Anette Alvariza ◽

Joakim Öhlén ◽

Cecilia Larsdotter

Keyword(s):

Survey Design ◽

Family Members ◽

Time Of Death ◽

Healthcare Staff ◽

Care Needs ◽

Advanced Illness ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bereaved Family

Abstract Background It is widely recognised, that family members are central to care of people with advanced illness, and that support should be provided to all family members in need thereof. The aim of this study was to investigate family members’ experiences of support received during the last three months of life, at the time of death and after the death of a person with advanced illness. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional survey design was employed, using the VOICES(SF) questionnaire and multiple methods for data analyses. The sample consisted of 485 bereaved family members (aged: 20–90 years old, 70% women) of people who died in hospital between August 2016-April 2017. Results Of the family members, 58,8% reported they had received enough help and support during the illness, whereas 30,2% had not. Family members’ comments about support during the illness were mainly related to care the ill person had or had not received, rather than about support they themselves received. Of all family members, 52,8% reported having had enough support at the time of the ill person’s death. Related to support at death, 14,6% reported that the imminence of death was not clear, which was described as having affected their opportunity to be with the dying person at the time of death. Of all, 25,2% had a follow-up conversation after the death, 48% did not and did not want to, and 21% had no follow-up conversation, but would have liked one. A follow-up conversation was described as helpful for the bereavement process, and disappointment was expressed when not receiving support after the death. Conclusions Family members’ experiences of support were partly related to whether the ill person’s care needs were fulfilled. Healthcare staff expressing empathy and respect in the care of dying people and their family members were important for family members’ experiences of support. Family members’ difficulty recognising that death was imminent and the importance of healthcare staff providing them with clear information were expressed in connection with support at death. Follow-up conversations were valued by family members, especially if with a healthcare professional who was present at the time of death.

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The Iranian version of theory-based intention for cesarean section (IR-TBICS) scale: development and first evaluation

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-020-03498-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seyed Abolhassan Naghibi ◽

Maryam Khazaee-Pool ◽

Mahmood Moosazadeh

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Section ◽

Content Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Quality Criteria ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Delivery Method ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses

Abstract Background The rate at which mothers experience a cesarean section in the absence of medical signs is growing worldwide. Women’s beliefs and intentions play an essential role in the request or choice of a delivery method. At present, there is no comprehensive, validated scale for assessing pregnant women’s beliefs about cesarean section in the Iranian population. This study was performed to develop and assess the validity and reliability of the intention-based cesarean section scale using the theory of reasoned action (TRA) constructs as a theoretical framework for measuring intention toward the selection of a delivery method. Methods In this cross-sectional validation study, 480 pregnant women were recruited from Sari, in northern Iran, through a multistage random sampling approach. Content validity was examined using the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). Furthermore, both exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were applied to assess the construct validity of the developed scale. Reliability was measured by internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Quality criteria for floor and ceiling effects were derived from existing guidelines and consensus within our research group. Results The results obtained from the factor analysis showed that the data were fit to the model (χ2 = 2298.389, P < 0.001). The TRA comprised 24 items assessing five domains, which described 62.46% of the common variance. The CFA showed a model with suitable fitness for the data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the domains of the scale ranged from 0.609 to 0.843, and the ICC value ranged from 0.71 to 0.84, which is within the satisfactory range. The IR-TBICS scale had no floor or ceiling effect on the total score or any of the dimensions. Conclusions The belief-based cesarean section scale appears to be a reliable instrument. It is considered suitable and can be applied in other research in Iran.

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IMPACT OF JOINT COMMISSION INTERNATIONALACCREDITATION (JCIA) ON HEALTH CARE PROCESSES AND THE CHALLENGES FACED BY PHYSICIANS AND NURSES.

10.36106/ijsr/8334826 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-35

Author(s):

Binu Thomas ◽

Ankur Joshi

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Employee Engagement ◽

Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽

Joint Commission ◽

Health Centers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Processes ◽

Before And After ◽

Collaboration And Communication ◽

The Impact

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of joint commission international accreditation on health care processes as well as to assess the challenges faced by the physicians and nurses . Method: Conducted a cross sectional study in 11 health centers belong to Dubai health authority. Prepared a checklist and questionnaire to assess the changes in the processes brought by accreditation as well as the challenges faced by employees respectively. Studied perceived challenges by recruiting physician (n=106) and nurses (n=194) using convenience sampling technique. Done content validity of the tools with clinical quality experts. Conducted pilot study for the questionnaire and checked the reliability using Cronbach alpha (0.924). After obtaining ethical clearance and consent from subjects, the researcher visited health centers and administered questionnaire to the participants. To evaluate the process improvements, the researcher audited documents for the availability of processes before and after accreditation using the validated checklist, which consisted of 25 processes reecting various domains of quality, employee engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration and communication. Results: Observed tremendous improvements in the availability of processes. The proportion of processes before and after the accreditation was statistically signicantly different (p <.001) for quality of health care. However for employee engagement (p=.250) and interdisciplinary collaboration and communication (p=1.000) no statistical signicance were noted even though there were signicant improvements. Majority (57.5%) of doctors and nurses perceived that the accreditation processes were challenging. Discussion: Observed processes improvements ensuring quality, employee engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration and communication after accreditation.However,majority ofthe employees perceived that, the accreditationwas challenging in terms ofworkload, communication and documentation.

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Satisfaction of Family Members with Treatment in Psychosocial Care Services on Alcohol and Other Drugs

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research ◽

10.7895/ijadr.249 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 12-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paula Hayasi Pinho ◽

Márcia Aparecida Ferreira Oliveira ◽

Maria Odete Pereira ◽

Heloísa Garcia Claro ◽

Ricardo Henrique Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Members ◽

Psychosocial Care ◽

Care Process ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Research Committee ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Services ◽

Ethics Research ◽

Perceived Change ◽

Alcohol And Other Drugs

Objective: To assess the satisfaction of family members who had relatives in Psychosocial Care Services on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPSad) and the variables associated with the score of satisfaction.Method: Evaluative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory research. Data collection was performed with the SATIS-BR instrument, which had been validated for use in Brazil, and sampling was performed by simple randomization, according to a pilot study. The Ethics Research Committee (Protocol 1,001/2011) approved this study. Independent variables included socioeconomic characteristics about the participation of the person at CAPSad and the mean global score of Scale of Perceived Change (SPC); the dependent variable was overall satisfaction. Regression testing was performed using the method of ordinary least squares.Results: In the multivariate analysis, the overall score variables of SPC and family members monitoring to Psychosocial Care Services were positively correlated with overall satisfaction (p ≤ .05).Conclusions: The most family members with relatives receiving services from CAPSad were satisfied. Knowledge of the factors correlated with increased satisfaction might enable the construction of action plans aimed to include the family, during the care process, in these services.

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THE ADAPTATION MODEL OF CARE GIVER IN TREATING FAMILY MEMBERS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN KEDIRI EAST JAVA

Jurnal NERS ◽

10.20473/jn.v12i1.3513 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Byba Melda Suhita ◽

Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni ◽

Hari Basuki Notobroto ◽

Ah Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Family Members ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Test Model ◽

Community Resources ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Family ◽

Coping Effort ◽

Caregiver Coping ◽

Adaptation Model

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that is characterized by impaired reality (hallucinations and delusions), inability to communicate, affect unnatural or blunt, cognitive disorders (not capable of abstract thinking) and had difficulty doing daily activities. Normally, the family is most affected by the presence of people with schizophrenia in their families. The purpose of this study was to develop an adaptation model of the caregiver in caring for family members with schizophrenia in Kediri. Methods: This study used cross-sectional design with nature explanatory research. Data were collected using a questionnaire on 135 respondents in nine health centers in the city of Kediri region. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. For data analysis and test, the feasibility used a test model of SEM with AMOS program 19. Results: The results showed self esteem caregiver (-0.25 <0.05), community resources (0.24 <0.05), self-efficacy (0.22> 0.05) , caregiver coping effort (12:17 <0.05), and the perception of caregiver about the family situation at this time (0:19 <0.05), which means that adaptation of caregiver in treating patients with schizophrenia is influenced by the characteristics of the family, namely community resources, self-efficacy, caregiver coping effort, self-esteem and perception of family caregiver to the conditions experienced at this time. Perception of caregiver about the condition of today's families is affected by stress, which appears on a caregiver stress due to stressor for caring for people with schizophrenia, especially the aggressive behavior of schizophrenics. Discussion: Adaptation of caregiver was highly influential in the care of people with schizophrenia because in this case becomes one of the important points to be able to sustain the process of treatment and prevent relapse of schizophrenics.

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The influence of individualistic and collectivistic morality on dementia care choices

Nursing Ethics ◽

10.1177/0969733018791342 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (7-8) ◽

pp. 2047-2057 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ingrid Hanssen ◽

Phuong Thai Minh Tran

Keyword(s):

Research Question ◽

Family Members ◽

Family Care ◽

Dementia Care ◽

Family Carers ◽

Severe Dementia ◽

Professional Help ◽

The Balkans ◽

The Family ◽

Ethical Approval

Background: If collectivistic-oriented family carers choose professional care for dependents with dementia, they risk being stigmatised as failing their obligation. This may influence dementia care choices. Research question: How may individualistic and collectivistic values influence choices in dementia care? Method: Qualitative design with in-depth interviews with a total of 29 nurses, 13 family members in Norway and the Balkans and 3 Norwegian dementia care coordinators. A hermeneutic content-focused analysis was used. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the Regional Ethics Committee for Research, South-Eastern Norway, and the nursing homes’ leadership. Findings: Family domain reasons why institutionalisation of dependents with dementia was seen as a last resort: obligation towards family members, particularly parents; worry about other family members’ reactions and inability to cope with the care for the person with dementia. Social domain reasons: feelings of shame and stigma regarding dementia, particularly in connection with institutionalisation of family members. Discussion: Children’s obligation towards their parents is an important aspect of the morality of collectivistic societies. Institutionalising parents with dementia may cause feelings of guilt and shame and worry about being stigmatised and ostracised. To avoid blame and rejection, caregiver(s) try to keep the fact that family members have dementia ‘in the family’. The decision to accept professional healthcare for dependents with severe dementia or have them admitted to a geriatric institution was postponed as long as possible. Conclusion: Family care morality may constitute a significant barrier against seeking professional help for persons with dementia, a barrier based on the expectation that the family will care for their old, even when suffering from severe dementia. Hence, stigma and shame may significantly affect the provision of care. Culturally tailored information may encourage family carers to seek professional help before the disruptive influence of the disease makes institutionalisation the only feasible option.

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