Effect of Dronabinol on Nutritional Status in HIV Infection

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 827-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Struwe ◽  
Suzanne H. Kaempfer ◽  
Constance J. Geiger ◽  
Andrew T. Pavia ◽  
Terry F. Plasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Symptom Distress ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Double Blind

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of dronabinol (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) on appetite and nutritional status in patients with symptomatic HIV infection and weight loss. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with two five-week treatment periods separated by a two-week washout period. Patients received dronabinol 5 mg twice daily before meals or placebo. SETTING: A university-based HIV/AIDS clinic and a large infectious disease private practice largely devoted to care of patients with HIV. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve HIV-infected patients who had had at least a 2.25-kg weight loss participated in the study. Five patients completed the protocol, and seven withdrew (two because of drug intolerance, two because of disease progression, two because of noncompliance, and one because of experimental antiretroviral therapy). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main outcome measures included caloric intake, weight, percent body fat, serum prealbumin, and symptom distress. RESULTS: During dronabinol treatment, subjects experienced increased percent body fat (one percent, p=0.04); decreased symptom distress (p=0.04); and trends toward weight gain (0.5 kg, p=0.13), increased prealbumin (29.0 mg/L, p=0.11), and improved appetite score (p=0.14). CONCLUSIONS: In a selected group of HIV-infected patients with weight loss, short-term treatment with dronabinol may result in improvement in nutritional status and symptom distress.

Resistive training increases fat-free mass and maintains RMR despite weight loss in postmenopausal women

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 818-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Ryan ◽  
R. E. Pratley ◽  
D. Elahi ◽  
A. P. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Resistive Training

Percent body fat increases with age and is often accompanied by a loss in muscle mass, strength, and energy expenditure. The effects of 16 wk of resistive training (RT) alone or with weight loss (RTWL) on strength (isokinetic dynamometer), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), resting metabolic rate (RMR) (indirect calorimetry), and sympathetic nervous system activity (catecholamines) were examined in 15 postmenopausal women (50–69 yr). RT resulted in significant improvements in upper and lower body strength in both groups (P < 0.01). The nonobese women in the RT group (n = 8) did not change their body weight or fat mass with training. In the obese RTWL group (n = 7), body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat were significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Fat-free mass and RMR significantly increased with training in both groups combined (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in resting arterialized plasma norepinephrine or epinephrine levels in either group with training. RT increases strength with and without weight loss. Furthermore, RT and RTWL increase fat-free mass and RMR and decrease percent fat in postmenopausal women. Thus, RT may be a valuable component of an integrated weight management program in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF STANDARDIZED CINNAMON BARK EXTRACT FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED WEIGHT LOSS AND ALOPECIA IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, AND PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
AJAY MEHTA ◽  
SUCHITRA MEHTA ◽  
PRASAD THAKURDESAI
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cinnamon Bark

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of IND02 (standardized Cinnamon bark extract) supplementation for the prevention of side effects of cancer chemotherapy in female patients with breast cancer. Methods: The study was conducted using double-blind, placebo-controlled design in 34 female breast cancer patients during the first 4 consecutive 21-day cycles of the standard chemotherapy regimen. The active treatment (IND02 capsules, 400 mg, one capsule, and thrice a day) or matching placebo was orally administrated in randomized (1:1 ratio) patients. The efficacy outcome measures were reduction in chemotherapy-induced weight loss, alopecia (hair fall), and other side effects. The safety outcome measures were hematology, ECG, vital signs, adverse event monitoring, and laboratory safety measurements. Results: The patients on the treatment with IND02 had shown significant protection from chemotherapy-induced severe weight loss (cachexia) and alopecia (reduced hair density and % hairs in the anagen phase, and increased % hairs in telogen phase) which was seen in the placebo group. IND02 treatment was found safe and well-tolerated during the study. Conclusion: Concomitant use of IND02 in breast cancer patients during breast cancer chemotherapy showed a clinical promise regarding efficacy and safety in preventing chemotherapy-induced weight loss and alopecia.

Effect of Fish Oil on Appetite and Other Symptoms in Patients With Advanced Cancer and Anorexia/Cachexia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bruera ◽  
Florian Strasser ◽  
J. Lynn Palmer ◽  
Jie Willey ◽  
Kathryn Calder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
High Doses ◽  
And Function

Purpose: To determine whether high doses of fish oil, administered over 2 weeks, improve symptoms in patients with advanced cancer and decreased weight and appetite. Patients and Methods: Sixty patients were randomly assigned to fish oil capsules or placebo. Appetite, tiredness, nausea, well-being, caloric intake, nutritional status, and function were prospectively assessed at days 1 and 14. Results: The baseline weight loss was 16 ± 11 and 16 ± 8 kg in the fish oil (n = 30) and placebo (n = 30) group respectively, whereas the baseline appetite (0 mm = best and 10 mm = worst) was 58 ± 24 mm and 67 ± 19 mm, respectively (P = not significant). The mean daily dose was 10 ± 4 (fish oil group) and 9 ± 3 (placebo group) capsules, which provided 1.8 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.2 g of docosahexaenoic acid in the fish oil group. No significant differences in symptomatic or nutritional parameters were found (P < .05), and there was no correlation between changes in different variables between days 1 and 14 and the fish oil doses. Finally, the majority of the patients were not able to swallow more than 10 fish oil capsules per day, mainly because of burping and aftertaste. Conclusion: Fish oil did not significantly influence appetite, tiredness, nausea, well-being, caloric intake, nutritional status, or function after 2 weeks compared with placebo in patients with advanced cancer and loss of both weight and appetite.

Obesity Levels in Institutionalized Mentally Retarded Adults

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke E. Kelly ◽  
James H. Rimmer ◽  
Richard A. Ness
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
State School ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Male Subjects

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the percent body fat of 553 institutionalized mentally retarded adults, ages 18 to 40 yrs, from the Denton State School in Texas. The subjects included 343 males and 210 females. Their percent body fat was estimated with generalized regression equations. Body density for males was measured by the sum of three skinfolds, two girths, and age. Body density for females was measured by the sum of three skinfolds and age. The results from this study revealed that 45.2% of the males and 50.5% of the females were obese. The percent body fat of the female subjects was significantly greater than that of the male subjects. A post hoc analysis revealed that profoundly mentally retarded subjects had significantly lower percent body fat than those subjects functioning at the severe and mild levels. These findings indicate a serious need for more investigation of the caloric intake and expenditure of this population in an institutional environment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nutritional Education with Leaflet and Diet Application on Nutritional Status Changes in Obese College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Diah Puspa ◽  
Dian Handayani ◽  
Inggita Kusumastuty
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Weight Loss Diet ◽  
Significant Change

Obesity is excessive body fat condition due to differences in energy consumption and expenditure. In Indonesia, the prevalence of obese women >18 years old is 32.9%. Interventions are performed with control eating and increased physical activity through an educational approach. A Leaflet is a print media containing some information, while my weight loss diet application is used by people that want to lose weight. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of nutritional education with leaflet and my weight loss diet application on nutritional status changes in obesity. True experimental design was used with pre-post test on female students divided into two groups in Universitas Brawijaya (n= 44) and selected by purposive sampling. Also, Independent-Samples T-Test and Mann Whitney analysis were conducted. The results showed a body mass index decrease in both media and no significant change related to BMI (p = 0.733). However, the decrease was more shown on the leaflet, where the body fat percentage had a significant change (p = 0.000). Hence, intervention using the leaflet is more effective on nutritional status changes related with BMI and body fat percentage in obese students.

scholarly journals ASUPAN ZAT GIZI DAN STATUS GIZI PADA REMAJA PUTRI YANG SUDAH DAN BELUM MENSTRUASI

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Dyan Fajar Christianti ◽  
Ali Khomsan
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
T Test ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Obese Subjects

<p>The objective of this study was to analyze nutrient intake and nutritional status of menstruating and non-menstruating girls. This survey was conducted from April to September 2012 in elementary schools and junior high schools in Bogor. Total subjects consisted of 35 menstruating and 35 non-menstruating girls who were chosen through screening. The results showed that the percentage of menstruating girls in urban (28.0%) were more than in rural (25.1%). About 57.1% of subjects had menarche at 10 years old. The average of nutrient intake on menstruating and non-menstruating girls were under DRI (&lt;90%). Overweight was more prevalent in menstruating subjects (14.3%) compared with non-menstruating subjects (2.9%). Similarly, the percent body fat measurement results showed that overweight and obese subjects were more prevalent in menstruating subjects (17.2%) compared with non-menstruating subjects (2.9%). Independent sample t-test showed significant differences in age, energy and calcium intake, BMI/age, and percent body fat between menstruating and non-menstruating subjects (p&lt;0.05).</p>

Abstract P367: Caloric Intake, Dietary Quality, and Adiposity of Childhood Cancer Survivors and Their Siblings

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
David C Landy ◽  
Stuart R Lipsitz ◽  
Joy M Kurtz ◽  
Andrea S Hinkle ◽  
Louis S Constine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction: The increased cardiovascular disease risk of childhood cancer survivors should be managed through the promotion of a healthy diet and exercise. However, how a history of childhood cancer affects diet and how diet affects adiposity in survivors are not known. Methods: Survivors and healthy siblings from a NCI cohort study in Rochester, NY completed 3-day diet logs, analyzed using the Nutritional Data System for Research dietary software. Caloric intake was expressed as a percentage relative to age-, sex-, and activity level-specific USDA recommendations. Diet quality was expressed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) which measures adherence to USDA guidelines using 12 food-group- and nutrient-specific sub-scores that sum to range from 0 (no adherence) to 100 (full adherence). Survivors and siblings were compared using generalized linear mixed models to account for matching and adjust for age and sex. Overweight and obese were defined using BMI (BMI≥85 and ≥95% of CDC growth charts for those <20 yrs old or BMI>25 and ≥30 for those over 20 yrs old). Percent body fat was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Associations between diet and adiposity were age- and sex-adjusted. Results: Compared to the 91 survivors who were a mean 13 years from cancer diagnosis, the 30 siblings were of younger mean age (20.8 vs 16.6 yrs, P=.03), more likely male (42/91 vs. 18/30, P=.19), of lower mean percent body fat (33.9 vs 23.8%, P<.01) but similarly likely to be overweight (37/91 vs 14/30, P=.56) or obese (18/91 vs 7/30, P=.73). The mean age- and sex-adjusted caloric intake relative to recommended did not differ between survivors and siblings (96 vs 104%, P=.17), nor did the adjusted proportion with a total caloric intake above 110% of recommended (28 vs 38%, P=.30). The mean adjusted HEI did not differ between survivors and siblings (50.5 vs 48.9, P=.30) nor did any of the HEI component scores. Survivors and siblings scored worst for the consumption of dark green and orange vegetables (1.0 / 5) and sodium (2.8 / 10) and best for the consumption of total grains (4.7 and 4.6 / 5, respectively). In survivors, caloric intake relative to recommended was not associated with percent body fat (Beta=-.14, P=.14) or with being overweight (.99 vs .93, P=.37) or obese (1.01 vs .93, P=.32). In survivors, the total HEI score was not associated with percent body fat (Beta=-.15, P=.09) or with being overweight (49.7 vs 50.4, P=.74) or obese (47.5 vs 50.9, P=.17). Conclusions: While the relative caloric intake of survivors is consistent with recommendations, survivor’s dietary quality is only somewhat consistent with recommendations, but not different than that of siblings. In survivors, neither relative caloric intake nor diet quality is associated with adiposity. The role of diet in reducing survivor’s cardiovascular disease burden, who may require focused interventions for effective management, is unknown.Funding(This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, Greater Southeast Affiliate (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Puerto Rico&Tennessee))

scholarly journals Double-Blind, Randomized, Three-Armed, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Investigation to Evaluate the Benefit and Tolerability of Two Dosages of IQP-AE-103 in Reducing Body Weight in Overweight and Moderately Obese Subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Uebelhack ◽  
Udo Bongartz ◽  
Stephanie Seibt ◽  
Gordana Bothe ◽  
Pee Win Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Double Blind

Objective. This study was performed to determine the efficacy and tolerability/safety of IQP-AE-103 on body weight reduction in overweight to moderately obese adults. Methods. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involved one hundred and eight subjects (BMI between 25 and 35 kg/m2) that were randomly assigned to either the low-dose or the high-dose IQP-AE-103 group, or the placebo group. Following a 2-week run-in period, subjects received two capsules of investigational product after three daily main meals for 12 weeks. Subjects were instructed to maintain a nutritionally balanced hypocaloric diet according to the individual’s energy requirement. Body weight, body fat, and waist and hip circumference were measured at baseline, and after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Subjects also rated their feelings of hunger and fullness using visual analogue scales, and food craving on a 5-point scale at the same time intervals. Blood samplings for safety laboratory parameters were taken before and at the end of the study. Results. After 12 weeks of intake, the high-dose IQP-AE-103 group had a significantly greater weight loss compared with the placebo (5.03 ± 2.50 kg vs. 0.98 ± 2.06 kg, respectively; p<0.001) and the low-dose group (3.01 ± 2.19 kg; p=0.001). The high-dose group experienced a decrease in body fat of 3.15 ± 2.41 kg compared with a decrease of 0.23 ± 2.74 kg for the placebo group (p<0.001). High-dose IQP-AE-103 also decreased the feeling of hunger in 66% subjects. A beneficial effect of IQP-AE-103 on the lipid metabolism was also demonstrated in the subgroup of subjects with baseline total cholesterol levels above 6.2 mmol/L. No side effects related to the intake of IQP-AE-103 were reported. Conclusions. These findings indicate that IQP-AE-103 could be an effective and safe weight loss intervention. This trial is registered with NCT03058367.

scholarly journals Atherogenic Index Reduction and Weight Loss in Metabolic Syndrome Patients Treated with A Novel Pectin-Enriched Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenols

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Soccorso Capomolla ◽  
Elzbieta Janda ◽  
Sara Paone ◽  
Maddalena Parafati ◽  
Tomasz Sawicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Index Reduction ◽  
Mild Hyperglycemia

Bergamot flavonoids counteract dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia but fail to induce a significant weight loss. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of bergamot polyphenol extract complex (BPE-C), a novel bergamot juice-derived formulation enriched with flavonoids and pectins, on several metabolic syndrome parameters. Obese patients with atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) over 0.34 and mild hyperglycemia were recruited to a double-blind randomized trial comparing two doses of BPE-C (650 and 1300 mg daily) with placebo. Fifty-two subjects met the inclusion criteria and were assigned to three experimental groups. Fifteen subjects per group completed 90 days-trial. BPE-C reduced significantly fasting glucose by 18.1%, triglycerides by 32% and cholesterol parameters by up to 41.4%, leading to a powerful reduction of AIP (below 0.2) in the high dose group. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin levels were also reduced. Moreover, BPE-C decreased body weight by 14.8% and body mass index by 15.9% in BPE-C high group. This correlated with a significant reduction of circulating hormones balancing caloric intake, including leptin, ghrelin and upregulation of adiponectin. All effects showed a dose-dependent tendency. This study suggests that food supplements, containing full spectrum of bergamot juice components, such as BPE-C efficiently induce a combination of weight loss and insulin sensitivity effects together with a robust reduction of atherosclerosis risk.

scholarly journals Efficacy of vitamin D alone or in combination with weight-reduction programs in weight loss among adults with above-normal BMI: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J R B Guevara ◽  
A R Velilia ◽  
S A K Tiu ◽  
A C Ti ◽  
K A F Tinio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Abstract Introduction The impact of Vitamin D supplementation on weight loss has been demonstrated in several randomized controlled trials (RCT), but there is still lack of consensus regarding its efficacy. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of Vitamin D in weight reduction in terms of changes in weight loss, BMI, neck circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, waist circumference, waist-thigh ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, and percent body fat, as well as reported adverse effects. Methodology MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, WHO database, Herdin, Cochrane Database and EMBASE were searched for literature published from 2005–2020. A systematic search was conducted for RCTs on the efficacy of Vitamin D (alone or in combination with Calcium, or with a weight-loss program, or with both) in weight loss among participants 18–75 years old with above-normal BMI, and with a study duration of 4–12 weeks. Sixteen RCTs were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Screening and selection were based on the eligibility criteria, while appraisal included checking for the risk of bias, assessing the validity of the results of the study, and its methodological quality. Outcomes of eligible studies were obtained directly from the studies, if available, or summarized and calculated from the available data. For continuous data, mean differences were compared. Results When compared with placebo, Vitamin D supplementation showed a significant reduction in weight loss (mean difference [MD] = −0.92; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], −1.52 to −0.31; P=0.003), BMI (MD = −0.52; 95% CI: −0.73 to −0.31; P=0.02), waist circumference (MD = −1.35; 95% CI: −2.21 to −0.33 P=0.0006) and percent body fat (MD = −0.82; 95% CI; −1.40 to −0.25; P=0.005) but no significant effect on reduction of waist-to-hip ratio (MD = −0.01, 95% CI; −0.01 to 0.00; P=0.17). None of the studies reported outcomes for neck circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, and waist-thigh ratio. Heterogeneity was addressed using random effects model in analysis. Out of the 16 studies included, only two reported adverse events, which include constipation after intake of Vitamin D and calcium supplements and other multiple non-serious adverse events. Conclusion and recommendations Vitamin D as an adjunct showed a significant effect on weight loss, BMI reduction, decrease in waist circumference and percent body fat among adults after a short-term intake of oral Vitamin D, thus Vitamin D supplementation may be recommended as an adjunct treatment for weight loss among adults, but the study results should be used with caution as significant heterogeneity was observed. Further conduction of local RCTs and meta-analysis is recommended for further elucidation of data in order to determine its efficacy among Filipinos. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Effect of Vit D on waist circumference

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