Product Standardization and Attribute Saliency: A Three-Country Empirical Comparison

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Du Preez ◽  
Adamantios Diamantopoulos ◽  
Bodo B. Schlegelmilch
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Empirical Comparison ◽  
Product Attributes ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Product Standardization

Standardizing the marketing mix across different countries is limited by numerous factors. Focusing specifically on the scope for product standardization in the car industry, this paper empirically investigates the extent to which consumer preferences may act as barriers to standardization. Consumers from Korea, Spain and France—three countries at different stages of development and with distinct socio-cultural characteristics—are compared in terms of the importance they attach to various product attributes with particular emphasis on country-of-origin information and “green “ features. The results reveal a large number of significant differences between the three subsamples and illustrate the substantial barriers to standardization that can exist even for such relatively culture-free products as cars.

scholarly journals PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES DETERMINE THE PREFERENCE OF HERBAL MEDICINE CONSUMERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Himmatul Miftah ◽  
Ita Novita ◽  
H Tsuwaibah ◽  
M. A. Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Product Attributes ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicine Product ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

Abstract: The emergence of a wide variety of herbal medicinal products requires marketers to better understand consumer behavior. The various brands offered make consumers tend to have certain preferences before making a purchase decision. This study aims to determine the attributes of herbal medicinal products that determine the level of consumer preference in the purchasing process and the closeness of the attributes to consumer preferences. The method used is interviews with consumers which are then processed with conjoint analysis to determine the attributes that are most important to consumers in making a purchase. The research concludes that the most important attributes in purchasing herbal medicine in order from the most important are the properties, price, expiration time and packaging. There is a close relationship between the combination of attributes studied and consumer preferences for herbal medicine. This study is limited to four attributes and does not use ranking ratings on the stimulus or combination of attributes, consumer behavior. The uniqueness of this study is to analyze the attributes simultaneously.   Keywords: Herbal medicine product attributes, consumer preferences, conjoin analysis, level of importance

scholarly journals Country of Origin and Consumer Perceptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Pratap Chandra Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Global Brands ◽  
Business Excellence ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Brand Choices

Different products and brands come from different countries. Consumer perceptions and country images are developed because of country of origin. Country of origin affects global brands. Consumer perceptions about global brands are related to stereotyping, ethnocentrism, industrialization, technological developments, and fads. Consumer perceptions create influences on brand choices and acceptance of brands. Consumer perceptions about country of origin should be improved. Companies adopt a number of strategies and initiatives to overcome and improve country-of-origin perceptions. A proper understanding of consumer perceptions about country of origin is required for managers to realize consumer preferences about global brands and the connections between consumer perceptions and country of origin. All these will allow companies to establish their products and brands in foreign markets, sell their brands, and achieve business excellence.

Earning the Right to Indulge: Effort as a Determinant of Customer Preferences toward Frequency Program Rewards

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Kivetz ◽  
Itamar Simonson
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Customer Preferences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Of Effort ◽  
Practical Implications

Although frequency programs (FPs) have become ubiquitous in the marketplace and a key marketing-mix tool for promoting customer relationship and loyalty, little is known about the factors that determine how such programs are evaluated by consumers. The authors investigate the impact of the level of effort participants must invest to obtain the reward on the types of rewards they prefer and, consequently, on the decision to join the FP. In particular, the authors propose that higher required effort shifts consumer preferences from necessity to luxury rewards, because higher efforts reduce the guilt that is often associated with choosing luxuries over necessities. A series of studies with approximately 3100 consumers demonstrated that (1) higher program requirements shift preferences in favor of luxury rewards, (2) this effect is also observed when consumers choose between luxury and necessity rewards (of the same value) that they themselves proposed, and (3) the effect of program requirements on reward preferences is stronger among consumers who tend to feel guilty about luxury consumption and among those for whom the effort is invested in the context of work rather than pleasure. In addition, contrary to an alternative explanation based on the notion that higher requirements signal higher value of luxury rewards, the authors show that (1) when the program requirements are held constant but the individual consumer's effort is higher, the shift in preference toward luxuries is still observed and (2) increasing the monetary cost of participating in the FP decreases consumer preferences for luxury rewards. The authors discuss the theoretical implications of this research and the practical implications with respect to the design, targeting, and promotion of FPs.

scholarly journals Assessing Consumer Preferences for Country-of-Origin Labeling

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. Loureiro ◽  
Wendy J. Umberger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Consumer Survey ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Country Of Origin Labeling ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, we assess consumer willingness to pay for a mandatory country-of-origin labeling (COOL) program applied to beef ribeye steaks, chicken breasts, and pork chops, all labeled as “Certified U.S.” products. A consumer survey was mailed in spring and early summer 2003 to households in the continental United States. Results indicate that consumers are in general very concerned about food safety issues, viewing U.S. meat as the safest among the selection of countries considered. Nevertheless, consumer willingness to pay for Certified U.S. products is relatively small, although above the expected implementation costs associated with a mandatory labeling program. This finding coincides with the fact that only 36% of the sample favored consumers paying directly for the costs related to a mandatory COOL program.

scholarly journals Discovering Niche Markets: A Comparison of Consumer Willingness to Pay for Local (Colorado Grown), Organic, and GMO-Free Products

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. Loureiro ◽  
Susan Hine
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Value Added Products

Demand for value-added products is highly segmented among different types of consumers. In this article, we assess consumer preferences for local, organic, and GMO-free potatoes in order to discover their potential niche markets. We identify sociodemographic characteristics that affect consumer preferences and compare the effects of different attributes on consumers' willingness to pay. Results suggest that the attribute “Colorado grown” carries a higher willingness to pay than organic and GMO-free attributes.

How important is country-of-origin for organic food consumers? A review of the literature and suggestions for future research

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Thøgersen ◽  
Susanne Pedersen ◽  
Maria Paternoga ◽  
Eva Schwendel ◽  
Jessica Aschemann-Witzel
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Starting Point

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the country-of-origin (COO) effect in the context of organic food and develop suggestions for further research in this area. Research has investigated COO effects and consumer responses to organic food, but there is little research on the combination of the two. Design/methodology/approach A narrative review of two research streams and their intersection, forming the basis for the development of a research agenda. Findings There are few studies analysing the possible interaction between the effects of organic and COO on consumers’ food preferences and choices. In general, COO seems to lose impact when other quality cues are salient. This suggests a lower impact of COO for organic than for conventional food products. However, there is still no research on the possible impact of organic labelling in categories where products from a foreign country are able to demand a premium, and little is known about consumer preferences for different import countries regarding organic food. Six potential future research directions are suggested. Research limitations/implications There is a need for research that more systematically investigates the possible interactions between COO and organic labelling on consumers’ food product preferences and choices. A research agenda is suggested as a starting point. Originality/value This literature review highlights the lack of research on the interaction between COO effects and consumer responses to organic food. The literature review creates a basis for future research and a possible research agenda is suggested.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document