Effects of the Subtalar Sling Ankle Taping Technique on Combined Talocrural-Subtalar Joint Motions

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary B. Wilkerson ◽  
John E. Kovaleski ◽  
Mark Meyer ◽  
Christopher Stawiz
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Ankle Arthrometer ◽  
Joint Motions

Background: The findings of research on the effectiveness of ankle taping for protection against ligament injury have been inconsistent, and the topic remains controversial. The precise orientation of the force vectors created by tension within the various tape strip components of an ankle taping procedure may be a critical factor influencing the degree of motion restraint that is provided. We hypothesized that the addition of the subtalar sling component to the widely recognized standard (Gibney) ankle taping procedure would enhance restraint of ankle motion. This was a controlled laboratory study, with fully repeated measures (subjects served as their own controls). Methods: An ankle arthrometer was used to quantify anteroposterior (AP) translation and frontal plane inversion-eversion (I-E) tilt of the talocrural-subtalar joints under untaped and taped conditions in normal subjects. A 15-minute exercise session was conducted to loosen the tape before measurement of its effect on motion restraint. Results: The ankle taping procedure that incorporated the subtalar sling provided significantly greater restriction of postexercise AP translation (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.63) and postexercise I-E tilt (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.66). Conclusions: The subtalar sling ankle taping procedure provides greater restriction of motions associated with ankle instability than the more widely used Gibney procedure.

scholarly journals Muscle Spindle Traffic in Functionally Unstable Ankles During Ligamentous Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Needle ◽  
Swanik Charles B. (Buz) ◽  
William B. Farquhar ◽  
Stephen J. Thomas ◽  
William C. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Spindle ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Ankle Arthrometer ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Peripheral Sensory ◽  
And Inversion

Context: Ankle sprains are common in athletes, with functional ankle instability (FAI) developing in approximately half of cases. The relationship between laxity and FAI has been inconclusive, suggesting that instability may be caused by insufficient sensorimotor function and dynamic restraint. Research has suggested that deafferentation of peripheral mechanoreceptors potentially causes FAI; however, direct evidence confirming peripheral sensory deficits has been elusive because previous investigators relied upon subjective proprioceptive tests. Objective: To develop a method for simultaneously recording peripheral sensory traffic, joint forces, and laxity and to quantify differences between healthy ankles and those with reported instability. Design: Case-control study. Setting: University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 29 participants (age = 20.9 ± 2.2 years, height = 173.1 ± 8.9 cm, mass = 74.5 ± 12.7 kg) stratified as having healthy (HA, n = 19) or unstable ankles (UA, n = 10). Intervention(s): Sensory traffic from muscle spindle afferents in the peroneal nerve was recorded with microneurography while anterior (AP) and inversion (IE) stress was applied to ligamentous structures using an ankle arthrometer under test and sham conditions. Main Outcome Measure(s): Laxity (millimeters or degrees) and amplitude of sensory traffic (percentage) were determined at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 125 N of AP force and at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Nm of IE torque. Two-factor repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to determine differences between groups and conditions. Results: No differences in laxity were observed between groups (P &gt; .05). Afferent traffic increased with increased force and torque in test trials (P &lt; .001). The UA group displayed decreased afferent activity at 30 N of AP force compared with the HA group (HA: 30.2% ± 9.9%, UA: 17.1% ± 16.1%, P &lt; .05). Conclusions: The amplitude of sensory traffic increased simultaneously with greater ankle motion and loading, providing evidence of the integrated role of capsuloligamentous and musculotendinous mechanoreceptors in maintaining joint sensation. Unstable ankles demonstrated diminished afferent traffic at low levels of force, suggesting the early detection of joint loading may be compromised.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ankle Laxity, Self-reported Function, and Perceived Instability in Chronic Ankle Instability, Coper, and Control Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Hongsuk Lee ◽  
Hyunsoo Kim ◽  
Ty Hopkins ◽  
S. Jun Son
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ankle Arthrometer ◽  
Ankle Function ◽  
And Control

PURPOSE:This study aimed to identify differences in ankle laxity in chronic ankle instability (CAI), coper, and control groups, and a correlation between ankle laxity, self-reported function, and perceived instability.METHODS: Sixty-six participants (22 CAI patients, 22 copers, and 22 controls) selected by recommendations of the International Ankle Consortium volunteered for this study. Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Activities of Daily Living (FAAM-ADL), FAAM-Sports, and Ankle Instability Instrument (AII) were used to assess participants’ self-reported function and perceived instability. The FAAMADL and FAAM-Sports are reported as a percentage. Higher scores indicate better function. The AII is reported as “yes” responses while more “yes” responses indicate higher instability. Three trials of anterior/posterior (A/P) displacement and inversion/eversion (I/E) displacement were assessed by an instrumented ankle arthrometer. Greater displacement indicates higher laxity. The ankle positioned in sagittal- and frontal-plane neutral while A/P and I/E displacement were assessed with 125 N and 4 N-m, respectively. The means of three trials were used for data analysis. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc comparisons (α=0.05) were performed to identify differences in ankle laxity between groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to identify a relationship between ankle laxity, self-reported function, and perceived instability.RESULTS: CAI patients show greater A/P displacement compared to control group (p<.03), and greater I/E displacement compared to coper and control groups (p<.03). Several positive and negative correlations were found between ankle laxity, self-reported function, and perceived instability (p<.00).CONCLUSIONS: As self-reported function and perceived instability are correlated with greater laxity (I/E displacement), improving static stability (ankle laxity) may play an important role in improving perceived ankle function and instability in CAI.

scholarly journals People with chronic ankle instability benefit from brace application in highly dynamic change of direction movements

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Fuerst ◽  
Albert Gollhofer ◽  
Markus Wenning ◽  
Dominic Gehring
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neuromuscular Activation ◽  
Ankle Inversion ◽  
Ankle Brace

Abstract Background The application of ankle braces is an effective method for the prevention of recurrent ankle sprains. It has been proposed that the reduction of injury rates is based on the mechanical stiffness of the brace and on beneficial effects on proprioception and neuromuscular activation. Yet, how the neuromuscular system responds to the application of various types of ankle braces during highly dynamic injury-relevant movements is not well understood. Enhanced stability of the ankle joint seems especially important for people with chronic ankle instability. We therefore aimed to analyse the effects of a soft and a semi-rigid ankle brace on the execution of highly dynamic 180° turning movements in participants with and without chronic ankle instability. Methods Fifteen participants with functional ankle instability, 15 participants with functional and mechanical ankle instability and 15 healthy controls performed 180° turning movements in reaction to light signals in a cross-sectional descriptive laboratory study. Ankle joint kinematics and kinetics as well as neuromuscular activation of muscles surrounding the ankle joint were determined. Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance and post-hoc t-tests were calculated. Results Maximum ankle inversion angles and velocities were significantly reduced with the semi-rigid brace in comparison to the conditions without a brace and with the soft brace (p ≤ 0.006, d ≥ 0.303). Effect sizes of these reductions were larger in participants with chronic ankle instability than in healthy controls. Furthermore, peroneal activation levels decreased significantly with the semi-rigid brace in the 100 ms before and after ground contact. No statistically significant brace by group effects were found. Conclusions Based on these findings, we argue that people with ankle instability in particular seem to benefit from a semi-rigid ankle brace, which allows them to keep ankle inversion angles in a range that is comparable to values of healthy people. Lower ankle inversion angles and velocities with a semi-rigid brace may explain reduced injury incidences with brace application. The lack of effect of the soft brace indicates that the primary mechanism behind the reduction of inversion angles and velocities is the mechanical resistance of the brace in the frontal plane.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evidence That Taping Does Not Optimize Joint Coupling of the Foot and Ankle Joints in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2029
Author(s):  
Charles Deltour ◽  
Bart Dingenen ◽  
Filip Staes ◽  
Kevin Deschamps ◽  
Giovanni A. Matricali
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Segmental Motion ◽  
Barefoot Running ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Joint Coupling

Background: Foot–ankle motion is affected by chronic ankle instability (CAI) in terms of altered kinematics. This study focuses on multisegmental foot–ankle motion and joint coupling in barefoot and taped CAI patients during the three subphases of stance at running. Methods: Foot segmental motion data of 12 controls and 15 CAI participants during running with a heel strike pattern were collected through gait analysis. CAI participants performed running trials in three conditions: barefoot running, and running with high-dye and low-dye taping. Dependent variables were the range of motion (RoM) occurring at the different inter-segment angles as well as the cross-correlation coefficients between predetermined segments. Results: There were no significant RoM differences for barefoot running between CAI patients and controls. In taped conditions, the first two subphases only showed RoM changes at the midfoot without apparent RoM reduction compared to the barefoot CAI condition. In the last subphase there was limited RoM reduction at the mid- and rearfoot. Cross-correlation coefficients highlighted a tendency towards weaker joint coupling in the barefoot CAI condition compared to the controls. Joint coupling within the taped CAI conditions did not show optimization compared to the barefoot CAI condition. Conclusions: RoM was not significantly changed for barefoot running between CAI patients and controls. In taped conditions, there was no distinct tendency towards lower mean RoM values due to the mechanical restraints of taping. Joint coupling in CAI patients was not optimized by taping.

scholarly journals Sex Differences, Hormone Fluctuations, Ankle Stability, and Dynamic Postural Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Ericksen ◽  
Phillip A. Gribble
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Ankle Stability ◽  
Ankle Arthrometer ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Star Excursion Balance Test ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Context: Hormonal fluctuation as a risk factor in anterior cruciate ligament injury has been investigated with conflicting results. However, the influence of hormone fluctuations on ankle laxity and function has not been thoroughly examined. Objective: To examine the potential hormone contributions to ankle laxity and dynamic postural control during the preovulatory and postovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle using an ankle arthrometer and the Star Excursion Balance Test in healthy women. The cohort group consisted of male control participants. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty healthy women (age = 23.8 ± 6.50 years, height = 163.88 ± 8.28 cm, mass = 63.08 ± 12.38 kg) and 20 healthy men (age = 23.90 ± 4.15 years, height = 177.07 ± 7.60 cm, mass = 80.57 ± 12.20 kg). Intervention(s): Ankle stability was assessed with anterior-posterior and inversion-eversion loading. Dynamic postural control was assessed with the posteromedial reaching distance of the Star Excursion Balance Test. Main Outcome Measure(s): Female participants used ovulation kits for 3 months to determine the time of ovulation; during their preovulatory and postovulatory phases, they were tested in the laboratory with an ankle arthrometer and the Star Excursion Balance Test. Male participants were tested on similar dates as controls. For each dependent variable, a time by side by sex repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed. Statistical significance was set a priori at P &lt; .05. Results: For anterior-posterior laxity, a side main effect was noted (F1,38 = 10.93, P = .002). For inversion-eversion laxity, a sex main effect was seen (F1,38 = 10.75, P = .002). For the posteromedial reaching task, a sex main effect was demonstrated (F1,38 = 8.72, P = .005). No influences of time on the dependent variables were evident. Conclusions: Although women presented with more ankle inversion-eversion laxity and less dynamic postural control, hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle (preovulatory compared with postovulatory) did not affect ankle laxity or dynamic postural control, 2 factors that are associated with ankle instability.

EquiTest modification with shank and hip angle measurements: differences with age among normal subjects

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-444
Author(s):  
Rosemary A. Speers ◽  
Neil T. Shepard ◽  
Arthur D. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Sensory Organization Test ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Sensory Organization

The Sensory Organization Test protocol of the EquiTest system (NeuroCom International, Clackamas Oregon) tests utilization of visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive sensors by manipulating the accuracy of visual and/or somatosensory inputs during quiet stance. In the standard Sensory Organization Test, both manipulation of sensory input (sway-referencing) and assessment of postural sway are based on ground reaction forces measured from a forceplate. The purpose of our investigation was to examine the use of kinematic measurements to provide a more direct feedback signal for sway-referencing and for assessment of sway. We compared three methods of sway-referencing: the standard EquiTest method based on ground reaction torque, kinematic feedback based on servo-controlling to shank motion, and a more complex kinematic feedback based on servo-controlling to follow position of the center of mass (COM) as calculated from a two-link biomechanical model. Fifty-one normal subjects (ages 20–79) performed the randomized protocol. When using either shank or COM angle for sway-referencing feedback as compared to the standard EquiTest protocol, the Equilibrium Quotient and Strategy Score assessments were decreased for all age groups in the platform sway-referenced conditions (SOT 4, 5, 6). For all groups of subjects, there were significant differences in one or more of the kinematic sway measures of shank, hip, or COM angle when using either of the alternative sway-referencing parameters as compared to the standard EquiTest protocol. The increased sensitivities arising from use of kinematics had the effect of amplifying differences with age. For sway-referencing, the direct kinematic feedback may enhance ability to reduce proprioceptive information by servo-controlling more closely to actual ankle motion. For assessment, kinematics measurements can potentially increase sensitivity for detection of balance disorders, because it may be possible to discriminate between body sway and acceleration and to determine the phase relationship between ankle and hip motion.

scholarly journals Relationship Between 2-Dimensional Frontal Plane Measures and the Knee Abduction Angle During the Drop Vertical Jump

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad W. Willis ◽  
Katie Hocker ◽  
Swithin Razu ◽  
Aaron D. Gray ◽  
Marjorie Skubic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Abduction Angle ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Drop Vertical Jump

Context: Knee abduction angle (KAA), as measured by 3-dimensional marker-based motion capture systems during jump-landing tasks, has been correlated with an elevated risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in females. Due to the high cost and inefficiency of KAA measurement with marker-based motion capture, surrogate 2-dimensional frontal plane measures have gained attention for injury risk screening. The knee-to-ankle separation ratio (KASR) and medial knee position (MKP) have been suggested as potential frontal plane surrogate measures to the KAA, but investigations into their relationship to the KAA during a bilateral drop vertical jump task are limited. Objective: To investigate the relationship between KASR and MKP to the KAA during initial contact of the bilateral drop vertical jump. Design: Descriptive. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: A total of 18 healthy female participants (mean age: 24.1 [3.88] y, mass: 65.18 [10.34] kg, and height: 1.63 [0.06] m). Intervention: Participants completed 5 successful drop vertical jump trials measured by a Vicon marker-based motion capture system and 2 AMTI force plates. Main Outcome Measure: For each jump, KAA of the tibia relative to the femur was measured at initial contact along with the KASR and MKP calculated from planar joint center data. The coefficient of determination (r2) was used to examine the relationship between the KASR and MKP to KAA. Results: A strong linear relationship was observed between MKP and KAA (r2 = .71), as well as between KASR and KAA (r2 = .72). Conclusions: Two-dimensional frontal plane measures show strong relationships to the KAA during the bilateral drop vertical jump.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Different Forms of Suspension Push‐Ups on Oxygen Consumption, Salivary Testosterone and Cortisol and Isometric Strength

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bellar ◽  
Cory Etheredge ◽  
Lawrence W. Judge
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Push Up

Abstract Suspension exercise systems are being used in strength and conditioning facilities, fitness centers, rehabilitation centers and home gyms. Though some evidence exists regarding the impact of training with these systems, more work is needed for a better understanding. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the acute effects of an exercise session with 2 (hands only) and 4 straps (hands and feet) in the push-up exercise compared to a work-matched bench press exercise session. The participants for this repeated measures, cross-over investigation were 18 healthy college-aged males (age: 24.8 ± 3.5 yrs, body mass: 81.8 ± 7.8 kg, body height: 178.9 ± 4.5 cm). The conditions were 6 sets of 10 repetitions of suspension push-ups using two straps (DUAL) for the hands, fours straps (QUAD) for hands and feet and a traditional bench press exercise matched to the average resistance during the suspension push-up. The participants performed all repetitions at a controlled cadence. Expired gases, and heart rate were monitored continuously during the exercise session. Pre and post exercise saliva samples were collected to quantify changes in testosterone and cortisol. Upper body isometric strength tests ( UBIST) were performed (Post, 1 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr) to evaluate changes in force production during recovery. Data analysis via repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant trend for increased oxygen consumption in the QUAD condition compared to the bench press (p = 0.019). Additionally, both suspension conditions resulted in a reduced respiratory exchange ratio as compared to the bench press (p < 0.05). A significant main effect was noted for time in all conditions regarding isometric strength (p < 0.001), but no differences between conditions were revealed. Testosterone and cortisol responses did not differ between conditions. Based upon these data, it appears that when matched for work, suspension exercise results in equivalent reductions in muscle force, but greater oxygen consumption compared to isotonic exercise.

scholarly journals Auditory biofeedback decreases jump performance in figure skaters

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao A. C. Barros ◽  
Llanel Florendo ◽  
Yvonne Le
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
Female Adolescence ◽  
Do So

The few studies that attempted to increase jump height in figure skaters (Haguenauer et al., 2005, Law & Ste-Marie, 2005) have failed to do so. These studies did not focus on increasing knee flexion, a critical factor for jump height (Moran & Wallace, 2007, Vanezis & Lees, 2005). Auditory biofeedback has been shown to modify posture, balance and cycling performance (Dozza et al., 2011; Nicolai et al., 2010; Liu & Jensen, 2009) and could potentially be used to increase knee flexion in figure skaters. To investigate the effects of auditory biofeedback on the performance of Lutz jumps. Thirteen intermediate level female adolescence figure skaters performed 6 off-ice Lutz jumps under each of 2 conditions: 1) WITH auditory biofeedback; 2) and WITHOUT auditory biofeedback. Auditory biofeedback was provided via EMG Retrainer. Separate repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted for time in the air, knee flexion and EMG activity. Differences between conditions for time in the air (p = .012) and knee flexion (p = .049) were identified. Auditory biofeedback increased knee flexion and decreased jump height. In this case, auditory biofeedback might have directed performers attention to an internal cue disrupting performance (Wulf, 2007).

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