scholarly journals Interpersonal Self-Efficacy, Goals, and Problems of Persistently Depressed Outpatients: Prototypical Circumplex Profiles and Distinctive Subgroups

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 988-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Locke ◽  
Liliane Sayegh ◽  
Charlotte Weber ◽  
Gustavo Turecki
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Interpersonal Circumplex ◽  
Speaking Up ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Structural Summary ◽  
Latent Profile

Severely and persistently depressed outpatients ( n = 138) completed interpersonal circumplex measures of self-efficacy, problems, and values/goals. Compared with normative samples, patients showed deficits in agency: They reported less self-efficacy, especially for being assertive, tough, and influential; stronger goals, especially to avoid conflict or humiliation; and more problems, especially with being too timid, inhibited, and accommodating. Circular and structural summary indices suggested greater variability among patients in goal profiles than in efficacy or problem profiles; nonetheless, latent profile analyses identified coherent subgroups of patients with distinct patterns of efficacy (e.g., lacking confidence for speaking up vs. setting boundaries) and problems (e.g., being overly inhibited vs. self-sacrificing) as well as goals (e.g., to be included vs. unobtrusive). Women and those with more severe symptoms were overrepresented in the least agentic groups. The results show how observing patients through multiple circumplex surfaces simultaneously can help clarify their interpersonal dispositions and inform interventions.

scholarly journals Do Distinct Groups of Reactively and Proactively Aggressive Children Exist? A Confirmatory Latent Profile Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk van Dijk ◽  
Julie A. Hubbard ◽  
Peter K. H. Deschamps ◽  
Wieteke Hiemstra ◽  
Hanneke Polman
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Aggressive Children ◽  
Profile Approach ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Latent Profile

AbstractThe present study examined whether there are distinct groups of children with reactive versus proactive motives for their aggressive behavior. We extended previous research by using a person-based analytical approach on data from a questionnaire assessing children’s motives independently from the severity of their aggression. Two competing hypotheses were tested. The both subtypes hypothesis holds that both reactive and proactive subtypes exist, as well as a mixed subtype. The reactive only hypothesis holds that only reactive and mixed subtypes exist. Hypotheses were tested on existing data from a community sample of children displaying aggression (Study 1: n = 228, ages 10–13, 54% boys), and two clinical samples of children with aggressive behavior problems (Study 2: n = 115, ages 8–13, 100% boys; Study 3: n = 123, ages 6–8, 78% boys). Teachers reported on children’s reactive and proactive motives. We selected measures available from peers, parents, teachers, and children themselves to compare the supported subtypes on variables that previous literature suggests uniquely correlate with reactive versus proactive aggression. Confirmatory latent profile analyses revealed that the both subtypes hypothesis best fit the data of all three samples. Most children were classified as reactive (55.7–61.8% across samples), with smaller percentages classified as proactive (10.4–24.1%) and mixed (18.0–33.9%). However, these subtypes only differed in expected directions on 7 out of 34 measures. Overall, results support the existence of both reactive and proactive subtypes of aggressive children, but the distinctiveness of these subtypes in terms of social-emotional characteristics warrants further study.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Mental Toughness as Antecedents of Academic Burnout among School Students: A Latent Profile Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Cheung ◽  
Chunxiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
School Students ◽  
Academic Burnout ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Latent Profile

Background: The purpose of the current survey-based study was to identify patterns of academic burnout and their antecedents among secondary school students. Methods: Secondary school students (n = 1209) completed a survey measuring academic burnout, physical activity, and mental toughness. Results: Using latent profile analyses, three burnout profiles were identified: a “moderately engaged group” (n = 699; 57.8%), a “burnout group” (n = 389; 32.2%), and a “well-functioning group” (n = 121; 10.0%). Group comparisons revealed that the “well-functioning group” reported significantly higher levels of physical activity and mental toughness than the other two groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that lack of physical activity and mental toughness are potential risk factors for academic burnout. These findings may inform the development of intervention programs for academic burnout.

Psychological Safety, Self-Efficacy, and Speaking Up in Interprofessional Health Care Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Roussin ◽  
Eduardo Larraz ◽  
Katherine Jamieson ◽  
Jose M. Maestre
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Speaking Up

Mapping Big Five Personality Traits Within and Across Domains of Interpersonal Functioning

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112091395
Author(s):  
Tianwei V. Du ◽  
Alison E. Yardley ◽  
Katherine M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
Interpersonal Circumplex ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Structural Summary

The Big Five and the interpersonal circumplex are among the most extensively used structural frameworks in personality research. Of the five factors, extraversion and agreeableness are theorized to carry the most interpersonal context, however, all five factors are likely to have important interpersonal implications. In the present study, we evaluated the associations between domains of interpersonal functioning and the Big Five domains and facets using the bootstrapped structural summary method. Results suggested that all Big Five traits showed prototypical and specific interpersonal profiles, with variability observed across lower order facets and domains of interpersonal functioning. Several Big Five traits and facets not overtly related to interpersonal behavior nonetheless showed specific, prototypical associations to interpersonal profiles. Findings suggest that Big Five traits and facets are saturated with interpersonal content and even personality characteristics that are not explicitly interpersonal may still have specific interpersonal implications.

Beyond Description in Interpersonal Construct Validation

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Zimmermann ◽  
Aidan G. C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Construct Validation ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Interpersonal Circumplex ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Structural Summary

The interpersonal circumplex is a well-established structural model that organizes interpersonal functioning within the two-dimensional space marked by dominance and affiliation. The structural summary method (SSM) was developed to evaluate the interpersonal nature of other constructs and measures outside the interpersonal circumplex. To date, this method has been primarily descriptive, providing no way to draw inferences when comparing SSM parameters across constructs or groups. We describe a newly developed resampling-based method for deriving confidence intervals, which allows for SSM parameter comparisons. In a series of five studies, we evaluated the accuracy of the approach across a wide range of possible sample sizes and parameter values, and demonstrated its utility for posing theoretical questions on the interpersonal nature of relevant constructs (e.g., personality disorders) using real-world data. As a result, the SSM is strengthened for its intended purpose of construct evaluation and theory building.

scholarly journals Appraisal shifts during reappraisal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andero Uusberg
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
Latent Profile

How might we model the processes involved in regulating emotions via reappraisal? In two complementary studies, we tested the idea that reappraisal effects on emotion are mediated by shifts along appraisal dimensions. In an experimental Study 1, 437 students recalled a recent distressing event and rated their appraisals and emotions before and after using reappraisal to feel less negative about the event. Between 19% and 49% of changes to different emotions were statistically mediated by shifts along ten appraisal dimensions. Latent profile analyses suggested that the appraisal shifts reflected four distinct reappraisal tactics. These findings were conceptually replicated in a second intensive longitudinal study, where 168 participants rated their appraisals and emotions in relation to maximum of 3 emotional events for 7 days, first within an hour of the event and again in the evening when they also reported on emotion regulation use (1142 observations). Between 22% and 46% of changes to different emotions accompanying reappraisal use were mediated by shifts along appraisal dimensions. Appraisal shifts were significantly less relevant for otherwise regulated and spontaneous emotion changes. Relative to Study 1, the latent profile analyses of Study 2 revealed two similar and four novel reappraisal tactics reflecting a broader set of events. Across both studies, all appraisal dimensions were involved in at least one tactic and no dimension was involved in all of them, highlighting the importance of appraisal profiles. These findings suggest that appraisal shift profiles can be part of a useful model of cognitive processes underlying reappraisal.

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