Embodied Mindfulness Questionnaire: Scale Development and Validation

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110598
Author(s):  
Bassam Khoury ◽  
Rodrigo C. Vergara ◽  
Isabel Sadowski ◽  
Christina Spinelli
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Practical Implications

Recently developed mindfulness scales have integrated aspects of the body in measuring mindfulness unlike other established scales. However, these scales focused solely on body awareness and did not embrace all aspects of mindfulness and the body. Specifically, they did not integrate embodiment in mindfulness. The proposed Embodied Mindfulness Questionnaire (EMQ) aims to operationalize the proposed notion of “embodied mindfulness” by grounding it into five dimensions, each representing a set of skills that can be cultivated through training and practice: (a) Detachment from Automatic Thinking, (b) Attention and Awareness of Feelings and Bodily Sensations, (c) Connection with the Body, (d) Awareness of the Mind-Body Connection, and (e) Acceptance of Feelings and Bodily Sensations. The EMQ items were developed through consultations with a panel of eight graduate students and a group of 10 experts in the field. Results from a series of three studies supported the proposed five subscales of EMQ and suggested that these subscales are independent and supported by convergent and discriminant evidence. In addition, results suggested that scores of EMQ subscales are different in terms of sensitivity to mindfulness training or meditation practice and experience. Limitations, as well as theoretical and practical implications of the EMQ subscales, are thoroughly discussed.

Clinical Neuropsychologist, 20 years’ experience, UK

2020 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Markus Reuber ◽  
Gregg H. Rawlings ◽  
Steven C. Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Epileptic Attack ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Experience Of Illness

This chapter explores how dissociation of awareness of either the mind or the body can be experienced by everyone to some degree. It has been suggested that in Non-Epileptic Attack Disorder (NEAD), a protective mechanism of enabling individuals to detach from the difficult emotions they have not yet been able to make sense of has led to a detachment from the awareness of the body, thus resulting in physical symptoms that resemble epileptic seizures. Treatment therefore lies in improving both mind and body awareness. Working with individuals with NEAD or Dissociative Seizures introduces one to the multifaceted nature of humanity. Although there are common themes that emerge through psychological assessment—such as prior experience of illness, neurological insult or physical injury to a specific body part, difficulty recognizing stress in the body or mind, or a tendency to use unhelpful coping strategies during prolonged periods of stress,—no two persons with NEAD have the same seizures because each individual’s experience is unique, making the nature and clinical presentation of the seizure-like experiences idiosyncratic. Despite this, it is always possible to discover the reason that individuals with NEAD experience the symptoms they do, even if it is sometimes initially hard for the individual to accept or believe this.

The body in group analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bracha Hadar
Keyword(s):  
Group Analysis ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Embodied History

This article explores the history of the exclusion/inclusion of the body in group analytic theory and practice. At the same time, it aims to promote the subject of the body in the mind of group analysts. The main thesis of the article is that sitting in a circle, face-to-face, is a radical change in the transition Foulkes made from psychoanalysis to group analysis. The implications of this transition have not been explored, and in many cases, have been denied. The article describes the vicissitudes of relating group analysis to the body from the time of Foulkes and Anthony’s work until today. The article claims that working with the body in the group demands that the conductor gives special attention to his/her own bodily sensations and feelings, while at the same time remaining cognizant of the fact that each of the participants is a person with a physical body in which their painful history is stored, and that they may be dissociated because of that embodied history. The thesis of the article is followed by a clinical example. The article ends with the conclusion that being in touch with one’s own body demands a lot of training.

Predicting advertising execution effectiveness: scale development and validation

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arch G. Woodside
Keyword(s):  
High Impact ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Business Journalism ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Influence Behavior

Purpose – This paper aims to present a commentary on the Armstrong et al. (2015) proposals to use checklists of Armstrong’s “advertising principles” to predict the effectiveness of alternative advertising executions and their tests of validity using paired ads with day-after recall scores. Design/methodology/approach – This paper discusses literature from anecdotal business journalism, cognitive science and behavioral economics that attempt to explain and accurately predict high-impact advertising. The commentary considers the value of using checklists and the relevancy complexity theory for examining whether or not checklists versus other tools are useful for accurately predicting advertising effectiveness. Findings – Anecdotal reports and scientific studies using true experiments support the practical benefits of advertising executives referring to advertising principles in the form of checklists when deciding which advertisement to run. Armstrong, Du, Green and Graefe (ADGG) provide a useful early warning tool that is useful for indicating ads that will not be effective, but their checklist method is unlikely to indicate which ads will have high impact. Researchers and executives should create and test the efficacy of configurations of content and design for identifying highly effective ads; testing should be done in clutter and using behavioroid measures (not seven-point scales); recall measures are inadequate proxies for behavior. Practical implications – By calling attention to the possibilities of using the persuasive advertising principles to test the ability to select specific ads that will most influence behavior such as purchases, ADGG offer a valuable contribution. Too often, advertisers and other decision makers ignore useful readily available information; creating tools useful for improving the quality of decision-making is missing in many marketing management contexts. ADGG indicate that such a tool is possible avoiding ads that are likely to be poor performing, advertising executions. Originality/value – This paper serves to emphasize the substantial value in using rigorous checklists as a step in making complex decisions such as advertising execution selections to avoid undesirable outcomes.

The Body of Shame in the Circle of the Group

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bracha Hadar
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Bioenergetic Analysis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Bodily Shame ◽  
The Mind

This paper suggests an integration of two therapeutic domains in which the author was trained and certified: group analysis and bioenergetic analysis. Bioenergetic analysis is a psychodynamic psychotherapy, which sees the individual as a psychosomatic unity and combines work with the body and the mind. The author considers the pioneering book The Group as an Object of Desire by Morris Nitsun as a facilitating environment for the ideas of this paper to be accepted. Nitsun opens up the importance, on one hand, and the neglect, on the other hand, of sexuality and the body in the discourse of group analysis. The paper brings the body to the front of group analysis. It illuminates the body as the stage on which the drama of shame occurs. The paper discusses five dimensions of shame, categorized into five degrees of pathology, having to do with the developmental stages in which it occurred. The most archaic one (degree 1) is the most malignant and inhibits the social life of the individual. The fifth degree, social shame, is necessary in order to be part of society. A bridge of understanding between group analysis and bioenergetic analysis is suggested in which social shame, the more superficial one, serves as a defence against or displacement of the bodily shame. The ultimate space for working, therapeutically, on shame is the group, provided the body is not dissociated from the arena. A clinical example of working with a group in the integrated model is described, followed by a discussion. It is suggested to consider the matrix as the group body-mind instead of only the group mind.

scholarly journals Experiencing The Space: Visiting Cemeteries On All Saints’ Day and an Ordinary Day

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Konecki
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
First Person Perspective ◽  
The Mind

This paper is a description of collaborative research that was done together with students during the class “Contemplative Sociology. Experiencing Self, No-Self and the Lifeworld.” The goal of the research was to introduce the students to the contemplative methods that could be used to research lived experiences and the vision of the lifeworld through contemplation of the mind, bodily sensations, and emotions. A project was started on experiencing the cemetery space. The space for experiencing was chosen to sensitize the students to concerns (such as death, religious holidays, everyday life, suffering, etc.) that could be investigated from the first-person perspective by using contemplation as an alternative to survey-sociological methods, psychological methods and ethnography. The students learned the contemplative techniques of meditation, body awareness, self- observation, and self-description to face their concerns, including the ultimate ones. However, the main concern was the role of the mind, body and emotions in cognition and creating the mood.

When Body and Mind Are Talking

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Häfner
Keyword(s):  
Body Awareness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current View ◽  
Mental Action ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Perception Task ◽  
Heartbeat Perception ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Body Talk

Recent research on so-called embodied cognitions strengthens the current view that the body and the mind cannot be separated in producing cognitions. But how and when does the body talk to the mind? Drawing on the notion that bodily processes are transformed into mental action through experiences, it is argued that embodied cognitions should be moderated by interindividual differences in the sensitivity to stimuli originating inside of the body, that is, by interoception. In line with these assumptions, two experiments demonstrate that the embodiment of weight and softness in value judgments and person impressions is moderated by interoception as assessed by a body-awareness questionnaire (Experiment 1) and a heartbeat perception task (Experiment 2). Taken together, these findings strongly speak to the notion that bodily processes and the experience thereof play an important role in embodiment, thereby extending previous research above and beyond the mere demonstration of body-mind interactions.

Cooperative and Competitive Orientation among Chinese People: Scale Development and Validation

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ping Chen ◽  
Xiaofei Xie ◽  
Shiqing Chang
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Competitive Nature ◽  
Practical Implications

Chinese people are known to be strong in dialectical thinking – a cognitive tendency toward the acceptance of contradiction. Based on this finding, we conceptualized cooperative and competitive orientation as two distinct constructs that represent individual beliefs about and attitudes toward the nature of their relationship with others. We hypothesized that as stable individual differences, cooperative and competitive orientation would have differential effects on people's cognition and behaviour. Adopting a contextualization approach to Chinese management research, we developed a seven-item cooperative orientation scale and a six-item competitive orientation scale that demonstrated high reliabilities and validities. A laboratory experiment using the response latency method showed that people scoring higher on cooperative orientation responded significantly faster toward words of a cooperative nature, whereas people scoring higher on competitive orientation responded significantly faster toward words of a competitive nature. A field survey in multiple Chinese organizations further showed that cooperative and competitive orientation had differential effects on employee task performance and organizational citizenship behaviour beyond the effects of the personality differences. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed in the context of work groups in Chinese organizations and beyond.

scholarly journals Review on Theorizing Yoga and Dance/Movement Therapy as a Mindfulness Skill

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Dehghan
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Movement Therapy ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Dance Movement Therapy ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Mindfulness Skill

The aim associated with this is to theorizing to the developing example of therapists educated in both of the dance/movement therapy (DMT) and yoga and also to give information regarding the combination of DMT and yoga and practitioners’ perceptions of how this might influence their routines mindfulness. Yoga, dance movement therapy, and mindfulness intention to accomplish the same aim of quieting the mind and requiring participants seek inside. Within this article, yoga principles are described because of their possibilities aspect in mindfulness skill progress as well as DMT. A consideration of the literature presents a description of yoga, DMT and additionally the theory of mindfulness, which includes relieves negative performing and boost of mental well-being, actual physical well-being, and behavior maintenance. The procedure during which yoga is theorized to operate as a mindfulness skill discussed alongside future guidelines for theoretical development. Because of both DMT and yoga really are mind-body methods that show positive psychotherapeutic usefulness patients undergoing treatment with them concurrently, this might be the inspiration for so many DMTs to be given learning yoga as well by using mindfulness techniques. The particular sections the perfect two modalities complement one another are, briefly, as shown below: both address the undeniable fact that emotions are handled in practice; they actually focus on the subject of understanding the body/body awareness, observation techniques, and more than that anatomy; DMT discusses to the concern about verbalizing the psychological process; and yoga offers a pattern of self-care regarding the therapist along with a method to take more people into the movement practical experience and produce to the mindfulness as powerful tools.

scholarly journals Measuring Green Creativity for Employees in Green Enterprises: Scale Development and Validation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Kaichao Wang ◽  
Zhibin Lu ◽  
Yifei Liu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Nomological Validity ◽  
Practical Implications

Although employee green creativity is recognized as the key to the innovation in green enterprises, few studies explores the measurement of green creativity for employees. To address the gap, the present study identifies the major dimensions of employee green creativity and develops a comprehensive, reliable, and valid measurement instrument. According to the 4P’s model of creativity, four core dimensions of employee green creativity are identified, namely, green creative motivation, thinking, behavior, and outcome. Strictly adhering to the process of scale development, employee green creativity scale (EGCS) is constructed and validated. We first develop the items of employee green creativity based on literature review and expertise from academics and practitioners. Next, we examine the validation of EGCS through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using a sample from three large-scale green enterprises (N = 460). Further, we also check the nomological validity of EGCS by testing the effects of determinants (e.g., green transformational leadership, shared vision, and green self-efficacy) on employee green creativity using a new sample from another two green enterprises (N = 169). Results reveal that EGCS is a reliable and valid instrument for capturing employee green creativity in multiple contexts. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Feeling Oneself Requires Embodiment: Insights From the Relationship Between Own-Body Transformations, Schizotypal Personality Traits, and Spontaneous Bodily Sensations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Michael ◽  
Deborah Guyot ◽  
Emilie Tarroux ◽  
Mylène Comte ◽  
Sara Salgues
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Representations ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Mental Rotations ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coherent Picture

Subtle bodily sensations such as itching or fluttering that occur in the absence of any external trigger (i.e., spontaneous sensations, or SPS) may serve to locate the spatial boundaries of the body. They may constitute the normal counterpart of extreme conditions in which body-related hallucinations and perceptual aberrations are experienced. Previous investigations have suggested that situations in which the body is spontaneously experienced as being deformed are related to the ability to perform own-body transformations, i.e., mental rotations of the body requiring disembodiment. We therefore decided to consider whether the perception of SPS might relate to embodiment as assessed through (i) the ability to perform own-body transformations (OBT task) and (ii) schizotypal traits (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, or SPQ), since high degrees of schizotypy in the general population have been associated with more vivid perceptions and aberrant perceptual experiences. Then participants completed a standard SPS task. Our analysis revealed that the slower the response time in the OBT task, the more frequent the perception of SPS. This suggests that difficulties in disembodying and mentally transforming one’s own body facilitate feeling oneself. Furthermore, a greater number of correct responses in the OBT task was associated with less frequent perception of SPS. This suggests that finding it easier to disembody and perform mental own-body transformations interferes with the ability to sense oneself. The results also show that higher schizotypal traits, as assessed through the SPQ, are associated with more frequent perception of SPS. Taken together, these results provide a coherent picture and suggest that embodiment is required in order to correctly feel oneself, as expressed through the perception of SPS. The ability to easily experience disembodiment reduces the sense of feeling oneself, and proneness to schizotypal traits produces body misperceptions that enhance and amplify this feeling. The results are discussed in the light of current knowledge and theories about body representations, taking into account attention and interoception as factors that influence body awareness. We offer explanations for perceptual aberrations, body-related delusions, and hallucinations based on misperceived or misinterpreted SPS, and we discuss possible mechanisms that may contribute to feeling and misperceiving oneself.

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