Toward a Troubleshooting Manual for Journalism History

1997 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schudson
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Journalism History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Complex Events ◽  
The Media

It is argued that journalism historians would do well to avoid several kinds of troubles that have plagued the field in the past. Among these are (1) the assumption that the media always are central to a historical event or process; (2) the assumption that commercial forces always have a corrupting influence on journalism practice; (3) the tendency to reduce complex events to technological or economic explanations; (4) the acceptance of the view that journalism is in a constant state of decline; and, (5) the assumption that the news media came into existence because they served a popular need. Historians of journalism are urged to avoid these common mistakes by becoming less insulated from other domains of historical research.

scholarly journals Trust in the European Union: Effects of the information environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brosius ◽  
Erika J van Elsas ◽  
Claes H de Vreese
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
News Media ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Media

Over the past decade, the European Union has lost the trust of many citizens. This article investigates whether and how media information, in particular visibility and tonality, impact trust in the European Union among citizens. Combining content analysis and Eurobarometer survey data from 10 countries between 2004 and 2015, we study both direct and moderating media effects. Media tone and visibility have limited direct effects on trust in the European Union, but they moderate the relation between trust in national institutions and trust in the European Union. This relation is amplified when the European Union is more visible in the media and when media tone is more positive towards the European Union, whereas it is dampened when media tone is more negative. The findings highlight the role of news media in the crisis of trust in the European Union.

News Audiences and News Habits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannie Møller Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
News Media ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Audience Research ◽  
Media Effect ◽  
Audience Studies ◽  
Cross Media ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Media ◽  
Radio News

The focus of news-audience research has shifted from investigating news audiences of single platforms—such as newspapers, television, or radio news—to audiences in an inherently cross-media context; and from examining the audience as passive, choosing between content made available for them; to investigating what audiences do with the news more actively, often coined by the term “news engagement.” News-audience studies can be divided into five approaches: (1) media-effect studies of news consumption; (2) studies of news-media use and motives; (3) cultural audience studies of news practices; (4) news audiences’ comprehension and recall of news; and (5) news engagement in the digital age. Due to changes in the media landscape, both technological and commercial, traditional analytical models in news-audience research have been challenged. The final discussion addresses how a tendency to focus on either reducing audiences to quantifiable aggregates in big-data research or labeling news audiences as a thing of the past can be observed—in both cases removing news-audience research from actual empirical audiences.

Writing History!

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Kamp ◽  
Susan Legene ◽  
Matthias Rossum ◽  
Sebas Rümke
Keyword(s):  
Public History ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
Historical Question

Historians not only have knowledge of history, but by writing about it and engaging with other historians from the past and present, they make history themselves. This companion offers young historians clear guidelines for the different phases of historical research; how do you get a good historical question? How do you engage with the literature? How do you work with sources from the past, from archives to imagery and objects, art, or landscapes? What is the influence of digitalisation of the historical craft? Broad in scope, Writing History! also addresses historians’ traditional support of policy makers and their activity in fields of public history, such as museums, the media, and the leisure sector, and offers support for developing the necessary skills for this wide range of professions.

scholarly journals From Rigidity to Exuberance: Evolution of News on Online Newspaper Homepages

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Simón Peña-Fernández ◽  
Miguel Ángel Casado-del-Río ◽  
Daniel García-González
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
General Information ◽  
Online Media ◽  
The Past ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Online Newspaper ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Interviews

Since their emergence in the mid-90s, online media have evolved from simple digital editions that merely served to dump content from print newspapers, to sophisticated multi-format products with multimedia and interactive features. In order to discover their visual evolution, this article conducts a longitudinal study of the design of online media by analyzing the front pages of five general-information Spanish newspapers (elpais.com, elmundo.es, abc.es, lavanguardia.com, and elperiodico.com) over the past 25 years (1996–2020). Moreover, some of their current features are listed. To this end, six in-depth interviews were conducted with managers of different online media outlets. The results indicate that the media analysed have evolved from a static, rigid format, to a dynamic, mobile, and multi-format model. Regarding the language used, along with increased multimedia and interactive possibilities, Spanish online media currently display a balance between text and images on their front pages. Lastly, audience information consumption habits, largely superficial and sporadic, and the increasing technification and speed of production processes, means that news media have lost in terms of the design part of the individual personality they had in their print editions. However, they maintain their index-type front pages as one of their most characteristic elements, which are very vertical and highly saturated.

The Australian's Media Supplement: A Lapdog, a Watchdog, an Attack Dog or All of the Above?

2015 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Dodd ◽  
Matthew Ricketson
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advertising Revenue ◽  
The Media

The modern news media comprise powerful institutions that require the kind of scrutiny they direct towards other influential institutions. The 50th anniversary of The Australian offers a timely opportunity to examine how fairly and accurately the national daily newspaper has reported on its parent company's strengths and weaknesses, and those of its commercial rivals, as well as covering overall trends in the media industry. The article argues that when The Australian's Media section began in 1999, it substantially expanded for readers the available range of news and views about the media. However, the section never reached its advertising revenue targets and in recent years has lost much of the revenue it once had. Over the past decade, the section has become increasingly narrow-minded in the range of its coverage, tone and approach.

scholarly journals Solution of “Aukhov problem” in Dagestan in Late 1980s — Early 1990s

2021 ◽  
pp. 338-354
Author(s):  
V. S. Zhuchenko ◽  
K. G. Malykhin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Media

The author considers the decisions of the state authorities at the all-Union and republican levels on the settlement of the “Aukhov problem” in Dagestan during the period of perestroika 1985— 1991. The authors identified the conflicts in Chapaevo in 1985 and in Novokuli in 1989 as the key points of the problem. The focus of the study includes all parties to the conflict: representatives of government bodies, public structures (organizations, fronts, movements), the media and ethnic minorities (Chechens-Akkins, Laks, Avars, Kumyks). A retrospective method of historical research is used: the sequence of actions of all parties to the conflict, the cause-and-effect relationships of existing contradictions are studied. The authors concluded that, despite the containment of the conflict within certain limits, it still turned into aggressive physical and political forms of confrontation. It is pointed out that the actions of the authorities were often thoughtful and consistent, but were protracted and slow. Separately, the prolongation of preventive measures and the lack of mechanisms to resist the already erupted conflict are noted. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the problem remains unresolved to the present, therefore it is important to study and analyze the experience and mistakes of the past.

How to Tell the Truth without Outraging the Press?

MedienJournal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Li Xiguang
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese News Media

The commercialization of meclia in China has cultivated a new journalism business model characterized with scandalization, sensationalization, exaggeration, oversimplification, highly opinionated news stories, one-sidedly reporting, fabrication and hate reporting, which have clone more harm than good to the public affairs. Today the Chinese journalists are more prey to the manipu/ation of the emotions of the audiences than being a faithful messenger for the public. Une/er such a media environment, in case of news events, particularly, during crisis, it is not the media being scared by the government. but the media itself is scaring the government into silence. The Chinese news media have grown so negative and so cynica/ that it has produced growing popular clistrust of the government and the government officials. Entering a freer but fearful commercially mediated society, the Chinese government is totally tmprepared in engaging the Chinese press effectively and has lost its ability for setting public agenda and shaping public opinions. 

Trail-Blazer Dependency – A Roadmap for the Sustainability Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-337
Author(s):  
Jan Kunnas
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Major Benefit ◽  
Quality Movement

While geologists are still considering whether the Anthropocene should be accepted as a formal geological epoch, it is up to us humanists to search for ways making this human era a good one. In this article, I will examine how we can use historical research to provide such tracks based on past regularities or similarities. Positive success stories from the past can at least provide faith that we can do something about our current environmental problems. This investigation is based on two case studies: the Tesla Model S electric car, and the Swedish pulp and paper industry's transition to chlorine-free bleaching. It argues that the sustainability revolution doesn't just share similarities with the quality movement of the 1970s and 1980s, but is essentially a continuation of it. In concordance with previous megatrends, the major benefit of the sustainability revolution will be reaped by countries and companies running ahead of the curve. A new term, 'trail-blazer dependency' is introduced; by setting an example, the first-movers are opening a trail for late-comers to follow.

Diversification propaganda work with foreign audiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4(13)) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
Shiyu Zhang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

Over the past decade, bilateral relations between China and Russia have attracted the attention of the whole world. As neighbors and rapidly developing countries, China and Russia are becoming increasingly important in the international arena. The strategic partnership and interaction between China and Russia occupy a significant place in the politics of both countries. Cooperation is developing dynamically in various fields, primarily in politics. After 2012, a change of government took place in China and Russia, which brought new changes to international relations. Studying the involvement of the media in this process can clarify their impact on international relations, in particular, their role in the relationship between China and Russia.

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