Comparing Recidivism of Sexual and Nonsexual Offenders: The Role of Humanist, Spiritual, and Religious Involvement

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stansfield ◽  
Thomas O’Connor ◽  
Jeff Duncan ◽  
Steve Hall
Keyword(s):  
Strong Association ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Extrinsic Religiosity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Religion In Prison ◽  
Nonsexual Offenders ◽  
Sex Offense

Some research has considered whether faith-informed programs help persons with a previous incarceration navigate a life away from crime. Few studies considered whether offense category moderates this relationship. Building upon studies that found a strong association between a prior sexual conviction and participation in religion in prison, we assess whether time spent in humanist, spiritual, and religious (HSR) programs in prison is associated with reconviction, separately for persons convicted of a sex offense and any other offense. Our results revealed that a higher level of participation in HSR programs was associated with a lower likelihood and rate of reconviction; however, this effect was more pronounced for persons with a prior sexual conviction. Supplementary analyses revealed that the use of religion in an extrinsic manner was beneficial, suggesting this group may look to religion to gain social support and overcome rejection and loneliness. Extrinsic religiosity among other groups, however, was associated with an increased risk of reconviction.

scholarly journals Haplotypes of TNFα/β Genes Associated with Sex-Specific Paranoid Schizophrenic Risk in Tunisian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumaima Inoubli ◽  
Achraf Jemli ◽  
Sihem Ben Fredj ◽  
Anouar Mechri ◽  
Lotfi Gaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Tunisian Population ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Minor Alleles ◽  
Binary Regression Analysis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Several medical research findings have announced a strong association between the biology of cytokines and various brain activities. Since growing evidences suggest the crucial and complex role of the tumor necrosis factor in the CNS, we have hypothesized that functional genetic variants of the LTA and TNFA genes (LTA +252A/G (rs909253) and TNFA −857C/T (rs1799724) and TNFA −238G/A (rs361525)) may be involved in the predisposition to schizophrenia. This research is based on a case-control study. The RFLP-PCR genotyping was conducted on a Tunisian population composed of 208 patients and 208 controls. We found a strong significant overrepresentation of the minor alleles (G, T, and A, respectively) in all patients compared with controls (p=0.003, OR=1.55; p=0.005, OR=1.78; and p=0.0001, OR=1.74, respectively). This correlation was confirmed for male but not for female patients. Interestingly, the frequencies of the minor alleles were significantly more common among patients with paranoid schizophrenia when compared with controls (p=0.003, OR=1.75; p=5·10−6, OR=3.04; and p=4·10−6, OR=2.35, respectively). This potential association was confirmed by a logistic binary regression analysis only for the development of the paranoid form of schizophrenia (p=0.001/OR=2.6; p=0.0002/OR=3.2; and p=0.0004/OR=3.1, respectively) and remained not significant for the other subtypes. Moreover, our study showed an important association between GCA haplotype and the development of this pathological form (p=10−4, OR=3.71). In conclusion, our results proved a significant association between the three polymorphisms and paranoid schizophrenia, at least in the Tunisian population, suggesting a substantially increased risk for paranoid schizophrenia with dominant inheritance of these three minor alleles.

scholarly journals Genetic Markers of Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Raquel López-Mejías ◽  
Mercedes García-Bermúdez ◽  
Carlos González-Juanatey ◽  
Miguel A. González-Gay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
Polygenic Diseases

Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the most common cause of premature mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is the result of an accelerated atherosclerotic process. Both RA and atherosclerosis are complex polygenic diseases. Besides traditional CV risk factors and chronic inflammation, a number of studies have confirmed the role of genetic factors in the development of the atherogenesis observed in RA. In this regard, besides a strong association between theHLA-DRB1*04shared epitope alleles and both endothelial dysfunction, an early step in the atherosclerotic process, and clinically evident CV disease, other polymorphisms belonging to genes implicated in inflammatory and metabolic pathways, located inside and outside the HLA region, such as the 308 variant (G>A, rs1800629) of theTNFAlocus, the rs1801131 polymorphism (A>C; position + 1298) of theMTHFRlocus, or a deletion of 32 base pairs on theCCR5gene, seem to be associated with the risk of CV disease in patients with RA. Despite considerable effort to decipher the genetic basis of CV disease in RA, further studies are required to better establish the genetic influence in the increased risk of CV events observed in patients with RA.

Association of interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms with gastric cancer: A meta-analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21142-21142
Author(s):  
B. Vincenzi ◽  
D. Santini ◽  
G. Patti ◽  
F. Pantano ◽  
O. Venditti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stomach Adenocarcinoma

21142 Introduction: Previous studies on the association between interleukin-1 (IL-1) genetic polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer have produced conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between IL-1 genotype and gastric cancer by systematically reviewing the original studies. Materials and Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and PubMed databases (last research performed on July 2005) and reviewed cited references to identify relevant studies. Search key words were: gastric cancer (OR stomach cancer OR gastric adenocarcinoma OR stomach adenocarcinoma) and IL-1 (OR IL1). The literature review identified 23 titles that met the search criteria. Data from 15 articles that investigated the association between any of IL-1B-511 and IL-1B-31 polymorphisms and gastric cancer met the inclusion criteria, and they were included in the meta-analysis. Eight studies evaluated the role of IL-1B-511, four the role of IL- 1B-31 and three investigated both IL-1B-511 and IL-1B-31. Results: By pooling all the studies identified, our study shows that individuals IL-1B-31T carrier have got an increased risk developing gastric cancer (OR of 1.25; 95% CI 1.06–1.47) in particular in Caucasian sub-group (OR of 1.41; 95% CI 0.97–2.05). IL-1B-31CC genotype confers a decreased risk (OR of 0.80; 95% CI 0.68–0.95) especially in Caucasian population (OR of 0.71; 95% CI 0.49–1.03) compared to Asians (OR of 0.83; 95% CI 0.69–0.99). This association might be explained with the well-known near complete linkage disequilibrium between IL1B-511T and IL1B-31C polymorphism. Furthermore our results suggest a strong association between IL1B-511T polymorphism and gastric cancer risk only in Caucasians and not in Asians. Conclusions: In conclusion, although affected by the common bias of each epidemiologic studies, this pooled analysis suggests that IL1B-511T polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of developing gastric cancer in Caucasian population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Signs of asphyxia at birth and risk of schizophrenia

2001 ◽  
Vol 179 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Dalman ◽  
Hollie V. Thomas ◽  
Antony S. David ◽  
Johan Gentz ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Association ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Stockholm County ◽  
Foetal Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Birth Data ◽  
Birth Records

BackgroundPrevious research has found an association between obstetric complications and schizophrenia, but in many studies the sample size was limited, and no assessment of specific exposures was possible.AimsTo assess the role of different complications, and in particular to distinguish between disordered foetal development and hypoxia at birth.MethodFrom the Stockholm County In-Patient Register and community registers, we identified 524 cases of schizophrenia and 1043 controls, matched for age, gender, hospital and parish of birth. Data on obstetric complications were obtained from birth records.ResultsThere was a strong association between signs of asphyxia at birth and schizophrenia (OR 4.4; 95% C11.9–10.3) after adjustment for other obstetric complications, maternal history of psychotic illness and social class.ConclusionsSigns of asphyxia at birth are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in adults.

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

Myocardial Noncompaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2209-2212
Author(s):  
Alexandru Radu Mihailovici ◽  
Vlad Padureanu ◽  
Carmen Valeria Albu ◽  
Venera Cristina Dinescu ◽  
Mihai Cristian Pirlog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Noncompaction ◽  
Ventricular Noncompaction ◽  
Genetic Transmission ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Left ventricular noncompaction is a primary cardiomyopathy with genetic transmission in the vast majority of autosomal dominant cases. It is characterized by the presence of excessive myocardial trabecularities that generally affect the left ventricle. In diagnosing this condition, echocardiography is the gold standard, although this method involves an increased risk of overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. There are also uncertain cases where echocardiography is inconclusive, a multimodal approach is needed, correlating echocardiographic results with those obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. The clinical picture may range from asymptomatic patients to patients with heart failure, supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias, thromboembolic events and even sudden cardiac death. There is no specific treatment of left ventricular noncompaction, but the treatment is aimed at preventing and treating the complications of the disease. We will present the case of a young patient with left ventricular noncompactioncardiomyopathy and highlight the essential role of transthoracic echocardiography in diagnosing this rare heart disease.

Semi-Quantitative Ultrasonographic Evaluation of NAFLD

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (32) ◽  
pp. 3915-3927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ballestri ◽  
Claudio Tana ◽  
Maria Di Girolamo ◽  
Maria Cristina Fontana ◽  
Mariano Capitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Progressive Liver Disease

: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces histopathological entities ranging from the relatively benign simple steatosis to the progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with fibrosis and an increased risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is the most common liver disease and is associated with extrahepatic comorbidities including a major cardiovascular disease burden. : The non-invasive diagnosis of NAFLD and the identification of subjects at risk of progressive liver disease and cardio-metabolic complications are key in implementing personalized treatment schedules and follow-up strategies. : In this review, we highlight the potential role of ultrasound semiquantitative scores for detecting and assessing steatosis severity, progression of NAFLD, and cardio-metabolic risk. : Ultrasonographic scores of fatty liver severity act as sensors of cardio-metabolic health and may assist in selecting patients to submit to second-line non-invasive imaging techniques and/or liver biopsy.

The GSTM1 and GSTT1 Null Genotypes Increase the Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Subsequent Development of Diabetic Complications: A Meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayantan Nath ◽  
Sambuddha Das ◽  
Aditi Bhowmik ◽  
Sankar Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Yashmin Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Gstm1 Null Genotype ◽  
Increased Risk

Background:Studies pertaining to association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes with risk of T2DM and its complications were often inconclusive, thus spurring the present study.Methods:Meta-analysis of 25 studies for evaluating the role of GSTM1/GSTT1 null polymorphisms in determining the risk for T2DM and 17 studies for evaluating the role of GSTM1/GSTT1 null polymorphisms in development of T2DM related complications were conducted.Results:Our study revealed an association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphism with T2DM (GSTM1; OR=1.37;95% CI =1.10-1.70 and GSTT1; OR=1.29;95% CI =1.04-1.61) with an amplified risk of 2.02 fold for combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null genotypes. Furthermore, the GSTT1 null (OR=1.56;95%CI=1.38-1.77) and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null genotypes (OR=1.91;95%CI=1.25- 2.94) increased the risk for development of T2DM related complications, but not the GSTM1 null genotype. Stratified analyses based on ethnicity revealed GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes increase the risk for T2DM in both Caucasians and Asians, with Asians showing much higher risk of T2DM complications than Caucasians for the same. </P><P> Discussion: GSTM1, GSTT1 and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null polymorphism may be associated with increased risk for T2DM; while GSTT1 and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null polymorphism may increase the risk of subsequent development of T2DM complications with Asian population carrying an amplified risk for the polymorphism.Conclusion:Thus GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes increases the risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus alone, in combination or with regards to ethnicity.

Biopsychosocial Patterning of Multimorbidity and Its Consequences

2018 ◽  
pp. 220-236
Author(s):  
Elliot Friedman ◽  
Beth LeBreton ◽  
Lindsay Fuzzell ◽  
Elizabeth Wehrpsann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Life Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

By many estimates the majority of adults over age 65 have two or more chronic medical conditions (multimorbidity) and are consequently at increased risk of adverse functional outcomes. Nonetheless, many older adults with multimorbidity are able to maintain high levels of function and retain good quality of life. Research presented here is designed to understand the influences that help ensure better functional outcomes in these older adults. This chapter presents findings that draw on data from the Midlife in the United States study. The independent and interactive contributions of diverse factors to multimorbidity and changes in multimorbidity over time are reviewed. The degree that multimorbidity increases risk of cognitive impairment and disability is examined. The role of inflammation as a mediator is considered. Multimorbidity is increasingly the norm for older adults, so better understanding of factors contributing to variability in multimorbidity-related outcomes can lead to improved quality of life.

scholarly journals Vulnerable adults in police custody

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Ian Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Police Custody ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vulnerable Adults

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the recent National Appropriate Adult Network (NAAN) report on the role of the appropriate adult. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the NAAN report and a review of relevant policy and research literature. Findings There to Help 2 highlights that there are still significant gaps in the provision of appropriate adult schemes across England and Wales. These gaps potentially place vulnerable adults at increased risk. Originality/value This paper is a review of recent research.

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