Redefining ADHD Using an Adult Population: Should Inattention be Viewed as a Separate Dimension From Cognitive and Physiological Activity Level?

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 1977-1988
Author(s):  
Nathan Miller ◽  
Frances Prevatt
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Level Method ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
Separate Dimension ◽  
Curvilinear Regression

Objective: The purpose of this study was to reexamine the latent structure of ADHD and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) due to issues with construct validity. Two proposed changes to the construct include viewing hyperactivity and sluggishness (hypoactivity) as a single continuum of activity level, and viewing inattention as a separate dimension from activity level. Method: Data were collected from 1,398 adults using Amazon’s MTurk. A new scale measuring activity level was developed, and scores of Inattention were regressed onto scores of Activity Level using curvilinear regression. Results: The Activity Level scale showed acceptable levels of internal consistency, normality, and unimodality. Curvilinear regression indicates that a quadratic (curvilinear) model accurately explains a small but significant portion of the variance in levels of inattention. Conclusion: Hyperactivity and hypoactivity may be viewed as a continuum, rather than separate disorders. Inattention may have a U-shaped relationship with activity level. Linear analyses may be insufficient and inaccurate for studying ADHD.

scholarly journals Construct validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille Janczyk Hereibi ◽  
Juliana Perez Arthur ◽  
Maria de Fátima Mantovani ◽  
Ângela Taís Mattei ◽  
Wendy Julia Mariano Viante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Brazilian Version ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
Hypertension Knowledge

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the construct and test the reliability of the Brazilian version of Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale. Methods: Methodological research with 220 participants in a primary health care unit from Curitiba, Paraná. The data were collected with a social demographic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the scale. The construct validity and reliability were assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha, Pearson’s Correlation and Analysis of Variance. The discriminant validity was verified comparing groups of people with hypertension and without, using T test. Results: Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.74. The groups comparison showed that people with hypertension had better results (p<0,001). Pearson’s Correlation showed that the questions measure different aspects of the same construct, justifying its organization in subdimensions. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale is a reliable instrument, which had its construct and criterion validated to measure knowledge about hypertension among Brazilian people. It can help health professionals with planning educative actions.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Environmental Health Literacy Assessment Screening Tool for Domestic Well Owners: The Water Environmental Literacy Level Scale (WELLS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Veronica Irvin ◽  
Diana Rohlman ◽  
Amelia Vaughan ◽  
Rebecca Amantia ◽  
Claire Berlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Environmental Literacy ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Environmental Health Literacy ◽  
Literacy Level ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
Kappa Agreement

In the U.S., privately owned wells are not subject to any regulatory testing requirements. Well owners must have sufficient environmental health literacy (EHL) to understand and interpret information that contain complex terms and labels to manage their water quality. The objective of this paper is to assess the performance and validity of a new EHL screening tool. The Water Environmental Literacy Level Scale (WELLS) is based on the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) and contains six questions on comprehension, calculations and application of information. Content validity was assessed from expert review. Criterion-related and construct validity were evaluated using an online, convenience sample of adults (n = 869). Percent of correct responses for items ranged from 53% to 96% for NVS and from 41% to 97% for WELLS. Completion time, mean scores, distributions, and internal consistency were equivalent between both scales. Higher scores suggest higher EHL. The scales were moderately correlated (ρ = 0.47, p < 0.001). Kappa agreement was 74%. Bland-Altman plots depicted little mean difference between the scales. Education and income level were positively associated with EHL. WELLS showed criterion-validity with NVS and construct validity with education and income. In practice or research, WELLS could quickly screen individuals for low EHL.

scholarly journals VALIDITY, MEANS, AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE HSS PEDI-FABS IN PEDIATRIC ATHLETES AND IN COMMON SPORTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0004 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. John Wagner ◽  
Catherine V. Gans ◽  
Aaron J. Zynda ◽  
Meagan J. Sabatino ◽  
Charles W. Wyatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Level Scale

BACKGROUND: Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) measuring activity level can be crucial to a musculoskeletal provider in both a clinical and research setting. The HSS Pedi-FABS was developed as a generalizable measure of activity in children ages 10-18. However, existing literature validating this scale is limited by small patient populations leading to underrepresentation of multiple sports. The purpose of this study is to assess the validity of the HSS Pedi-FABS when used in a large pediatric population participating in various sports and evaluate the means and distribution of Pedi-FABS amongst common sports. METHODS: A retrospective review of 517 subjects who completed the HSS Pedi-FABS while presenting for knee evaluation was performed. Subjects were seen by one of five providers at a pediatric sport medicine center between October 2016 and June 2017. Subjects were included in analysis if they completed the HSS Pedi-FABS and had reported status as an athlete. Patient demographics, primary sport, multi-sport involvement, level of competition, frequency of play, HSS Pedi-FABS and Tegner Activity Level Scale (Tegner) scores were reviewed. The Tegner asked subjects to classify their activity level prior to injury. To determine validity, the HSS Pedi-FABS was compared to the Tegner. S-correlations were calculated between the two activity scales. Each scale was then correlated with level of activity and frequency of play. A t-test was run between the HSS Pedi-FABS scores and multi-sport involvement. Distributions of the HSS Pedi-FABS scores were calculated across the eight most frequent primary sports reported by the sample population. ANOVA analyses were performed with the HSS Pedi-FABS and Tegner Before scores of the eight primary sports. The ANOVA analyses were followed by t-tests for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Of the 424 athletes included in the study, 227 (53.5%) were female and 197 (46.5%) were male. The mean age was 14.29 years (range: 6.48-22.35). 207 (48.8%) were multi-sport athletes while 215 (50.7%) were considered single-sport athletes. 2 (0.5%) had an unknown status. There was a significant difference between HSS Pedi-FABS scores of multi-sport athletes versus single-sport athletes (22.0 versus 20.36, respectfully, p=.027). Correlations were found between the HSS Pedi-FABS and days per week playing a primary sport (r=0.273; p<0.001), hours per week playing primary sport (r=0.292, p<0.001), and weeks NOT engaged in sports (r=-0.112, p=0.039). In this data, there was no correlation with perceived level of competition and HSS Pedi-FABS. There was no statistical correlation found between the HSS Pedi-FABS and the Tegner with a similar mean HSS Pedi FABS scores seen in each Tegner group >5. The Tegner scale did not statistically correlate with hours per week or days per week. The HSS Pedi-FABS showed a significant difference in scores between the eight most frequent primary sports (p=0.001). Subjects whose primary sport was Soccer scored significantly higher (23.57 ± 6.27) than those of Dance/Drill Team/Ballet (17.45 ± 6.38) and Track and Field/Running/Cross Country (17.47 ± 5.74, p=.001, .024). Frequency distributions of each sports are seen in Figure 1. CONCLUSION: The HSS Pedi-FABS, as compared to the Tegner, has significant correlation with time spent while playing a primary sport. Normal distribution of the HSS Pedi FABS may be different based on sports. Further analysis of multiple joints could provide a more comprehensive understanding of Pedi-FABS scoring trends in pediatric athletes. [Figure: see text]

Revision Single-Stage Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using an Anterolateral Tibial Tunnel

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 410-416
Author(s):  
Sohrab Keyhani ◽  
Behzad Hanafizadeh ◽  
René Verdonk ◽  
Mohammadreza Minator Sajjadi ◽  
Mehran Soleymanha
Keyword(s):  
Revision Surgery ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Tunnel ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Acl Revision ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
Tegner Activity Level ◽  
Acl Revision Surgery

AbstractRevision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a technically demanding enterprise. Management of widened or previously malpositioned tunnels is challenging and often requires innovative approaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the function and clinical results of revision single-stage ACL surgery using an anterolateral tibial tunnel (ALTT). A consecutive series of knees with arthroscopic ACL revision surgery were analyzed prospectively between April 2012 and September 2015. Among the 93 patients presented with revision ACL reconstruction, 25 patients met the study inclusion criteria for the ALTT technique and were followed up for a minimum of 2 years (range: 24–51 months). The clinical results were evaluated by means of the Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, and Tegner activity level scale, and the knee stability was assessed by the Lachman test, pivot shift test, and anterior drawer test. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the index knee before the surgery and 2 years after revision surgery was assessed. The mean IKDC subjective score, mean Tegner activity level scale, and mean Lysholm score significantly improved in all study participants. This study showed that ACL revision surgery with ALTT can reliably restore stability and provide fair functional outcomes in patients with ACL retear. One could expect acceptable lateral tibial tunnel length compared with medial tibial tunnel in classic ACL revision, intact bony surround, and good graft fixation. This technique is clinically relevant in that making an anterolateral tunnel in one-stage ACL revision surgery had a good subjective result with low complication rate in midterm follow-up.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Weight Gain Among Active Adult Population in Israel. A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horesh Dor-Haim ◽  
Sara Katzburg ◽  
Pola Revach ◽  
Hagai Levin ◽  
Sharon Barak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aged Population ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak holds public health concerns. Staying at home, increases sedentary behavior, with unintended adverse outcomes. Since organized recreation and sports facilities were closed, we aimed to study how the crisis of closure affected exercise habits and weight gain among the trainee population in Israel, assess the frequency of activity and age-adjusted weight gain, measure and ability to embrace digital media, as an alternative training frameworkA cross-sectional survey consisted of a multiple-choice questionnaire that was obtained using a web-based survey application. 1,202 trainees who exercise on a regular basis, anonymously answered the questionnaire sent by their coaches regarding their activity and weight gain during lockdown times. Results confirmed that 70% of Israelis trained less than their usual routine, 60% used digital media for training, 55% gained weight. Half of the respondents gained more than 2 kg, with an average increase of 1.2 kg. However, those who exhibited a higher physical activity level gained less weight. Using digital media for training was associated with higher physical activity levels. The aged population was less likely to use digital media.Since increased sedentary behavior could increase the risk for potential worsening of health conditions, health agencies should look for strategies, especially in the aged population, including digital media to promote physical activity and subsequently, preventing the increased burden of future comorbidities worsening by a sedentary lifestyle.

scholarly journals Construct Validity and Population-Based Norms of the German Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Kunzler ◽  
Andrea Chmitorz ◽  
Christiana Bagusat ◽  
Antonia J. Kaluza ◽  
Isabell Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Resilience Factors

Abstract. The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) measures the ability to recover from stress. To provide further evidence for construct validity of the German BRS and to determine population-based norms, a large sample (N = 1,128) representative of the German adult population completed a survey including the BRS and instruments measuring perceived stress and the resilience factors optimism, self-efficacy, and locus of control. Confirmatory factor analyses showed best model fit for a five-factor model differentiating the ability to recover from stress from the three resilience factors. On the basis of latent and manifest correlations, convergent and discriminant validity of the BRS were fair to good. Female sex, older age, lower weekly working time, higher perceived stress, lower optimism, and self-efficacy as well as higher external locus of control predicted lower BRS scores, that is, lower ability to recover from stress.

scholarly journals An electronic patient-reported outcomes measurement system in paediatric orthopaedics

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Sabatino ◽  
C. V. Gans ◽  
A. J. Zynda ◽  
J. S. Chung ◽  
S. M. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Knee Documentation Committee ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Assess Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
Tegner Activity Level

Purpose The purpose of the study was to evaluate the reliability, review differences and assess patient satisfaction of electronic patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) compared with paper PROMs. Methods Participants between 12 and 19 years of age with a knee-related primary complaint were randomized into two groups. Group 1 completed paper PROMs followed by electronic, while Group 2 received the electronic followed by paper. PROMs included the Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi-IKDC), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS), Tegner Activity Level Scale, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), PedsQL Teen and a satisfaction survey. Results In all, 87 participants were enrolled with one excluded due to incomplete PROMs. Of the 86 participants, 54 were female and 32 were male with an average age of 14.3 years (12 to 18). A high degree of reliability was found when comparing the paper and electronic versions of the Pedi-IKDC (0.946; p < 0.001), HSS Pedi-FABS (0.923; p < 0.001), PedsQL Teen (0.894; p < 0.001), Tegner Activity Level Scale before injury (0.848; p < 0.001) and the Tegner Activity Level Scale after (0.930; p < 0.001). Differences were noted between the VAS scores, with paper scores being significantly higher than electronic (5.3 versus 4.6; p < 0.001). While not significant, a trend was noted in which electronic PROMs took, overall, less time than paper (10.0 mins versus 11.2 mins; p = 0.096). Of all participants, 69.8% preferred the electronic PROMs, 67.4% felt they were faster, 93.0% stated they would complete forms at home prior to appointments and 91.8% were not concerned about the safety/privacy of electronic forms. Conclusion PROMs captured electronically were reliable when compared with paper. Electronic PROMs may be quicker, will not require manual scoring and are preferred by patients. Level of Evidence II

scholarly journals Criterion validity of two physical activity and one sedentary time questionnaire against accelerometry in a large cohort of adults and older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvard H Sagelv ◽  
Laila A Hopstock ◽  
Jonas Johansson ◽  
Bjørge H Hansen ◽  
Soren Brage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Level Scale

ObjectivesWe compared the ability of physical activity and sitting time questionnaires (PAQ) for ranking individuals versus continuous volume calculations (physical activity level (PAL), metabolic equivalents of task (MET), sitting hours) against accelerometry measured physical activity as our criterion.MethodsParticipants in a cohort from the Tromsø Study completed three questionnaires; (1) The Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale (SGPALS) (n=4040); (2) The Physical Activity Frequency, Intensity and Duration (PAFID) questionnaire (n=5902)) calculated as MET-hours·week-1 and (3) The International Physical Activity questionnaire (IPAQ) short-form sitting question (n=4896). We validated the questionnaires against the following accelerometry (Actigraph wGT3X-BT) estimates: vector magnitude counts per minute, steps∙day-1, time (minutes·day-1) in sedentary behaviour, light physical activity, moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) non-bouted and ≥10 min bouted MVPA.ResultsRanking of physical activity according to the SGPALS and quartiles (Q) of MET-hours∙week-1 from the PAFID were both positively associated with accelerometry estimates of physical activity (p<0.001) but correlations with accelerometry estimates were weak (SGPALS (PAL): r=0.11 to 0.26, p<0.001) and weak-to-moderate (PAFID: r=0.39 to 0.44, p<0.01). There was 1 hour of accelerometry measured sedentary time from Q1 to Q4 in the IPAQ sitting question (p<0.001) and also weak correlations (r=0.22, p<0.01).ConclusionRanking of physical activity levels measured with PAQs appears to have higher validity than energy expenditure calculations. Self-reported sedentary time poorly reflects accelerometry measured sedentary time. These two PAQs can be used for ranking individuals into different physical activity categories supporting previous studies using these instruments when assessing associations with health outcomes.

scholarly journals Activity Following Ankle Arthrodesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0051
Author(s):  
Emily Whicker ◽  
Brian Traub ◽  
Emad Allam ◽  
Sameh Labib
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Ankle Arthrodesis ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
End Stage

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Ankle arthrodesis (AA) is frequently employed in the treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis, which is common following trauma and athletic injuries. While AA remains a popular therapeutic option, little data exists about activity and sporting capacity following AA. The objective of this research was to determine functional outcomes and sporting activity levels in patients following AA. Methods: Validated questionnaires were emailed to 35 patients with a history of AA at an average follow-up of 52 months. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), as well as the associated FADI-Sport. Responses were compared to those from a control population of 24 patients scheduled for AA, at an average preoperative visit of 3 months. Activity levels were assessed prior to injury as well as pre- and post-operatively using the Tegner activity level scale. Results: Average Tegner scores of the 35 surgical patients decreased from 3.82 (SE±0.38) before their injury, to 1.15 (SE±0.19) immediately pre-op, with recovery to 2.67 (SE±0.26) following fusion. Average post arthrodesis FADI and FADI-sport scores in our patients were 76.5% (SE±3.19%) and 33.8% (SE±23.06%). For the preoperative control population, corresponding scores were 47.41% (SE=2.61%) and 22.24% (SE=1.03%). Conclusion: Following AA, we found that patients improved upon their pre-op Tegner score, although they did not return to their before injury level of sporting participation. Additionally, patients reported that they had no current dysfunction with their lower leg. Thus, patients undergoing AA should expect improved lower leg function, though will not likely return to their pre-injury level of activity.

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