Increased Urinary Excretion of Carnitine and Acylcarnitine by Mercuric Chloride Is Reversed by 2,3-Dimercapto-1-Propanesulfonic Acid in Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Waleed A. Al-Madani ◽  
Nikhat J. Siddiqi ◽  
Abdullah S. Alhomida ◽  
Haseeb A. Khan ◽  
Ibrahim A. Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Free Carnitine ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Total Carnitine ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Wistar Male Rats

This investigation was aimed to study the effect of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) on mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced alterations in urinary excretion of various carnitine fractions including free carnitine (FC), acylcarnitine (AC), and total carnitine (TC). Different groups of Wistar male rats were treated with HgCl2 at the doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/kg body weight, and the animals were sacrificed at 24 hours following HgCl2 injection. A separate batch of animals received HgCl2 (2 mg/kg) with or without DMPS (100 mg/kg) and sacrificed at 24 or 48 hours after dosing. Administration of HgCl2 resulted in statistically significant and dose-dependent increase in the urinary excretion of FC, AC, and TC in rats. However, the ratio of urinary AC:FC was significantly decreased by HgCl2. Pretreatment with DMPS offered statistically significant protection against HgCl2-induced alterations in various urinary carnitine fractions in rats.

scholarly journals The influence of anilinopyrimidine and carbamate derivatives on the rat redox status

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Valerii N. Rakitskii ◽  
Gleb V. Masaltsev ◽  
Tatiana E. Veshchemova ◽  
Elena G. Chhvirkija ◽  
Konstantin B. Lokhin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Test Objects

Introduction. Oxidative stress can occur as the response to the toxic effects of pesticides. A study of the effect of two generic pesticides on the enzymes of the antioxidant defense system of warm-blooded animals was carried out within the framework of chronic food exposure. Material and Methods. 90 conventional male rats were kept in the vivarium of the Federal scientific center of hygiene named after F.F. Erisman for a year. Test objects including fungicide of the anilinopyrimidines class (compound A) and insecticide from of the carbamates class (compound B) were introduced into animal feed at doses of 0; 2; 20; 120 and 240 mg/kg body weight and 0; 2.5; 5 and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Doses corresponded to the ranges found in the reports by the Joint Meeting of the FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues for the original compounds in chronic toxicity studies. The effect of the studied compounds on the general antioxidant status (the activity of enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPO), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT)) was assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results. The test objects caused statistically significant changes in enzyme activity as early as at 3 months of the treatment, compared with animals of the concurrent negative control. For the compound A: a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in the activity of GR (Rho = 0.381, p = 0.017) and GAP (Rho = 0.355, p = 0.024), but not SOD and CAT, was recorded at 12 months. The compound B caused a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in SOD activity at 9 and 12 months (Rho = 0.491, p = 0.006; Rho = 0.506, p = 0.003) Conclusion. These observations indicate that compounds A and B could promote lipid peroxidation. Oxidative burst was registered in response to the influence of the compound B, which may have been caused by apoptosis of T-lymphocytes.

Long-latency growth-promoting activity of EGF when administered to mice at the neonatal stage

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. E251-E254
Author(s):  
O. Imada ◽  
N. Hayashi ◽  
K. Masamoto ◽  
S. Kasuga ◽  
T. Fuwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Neonatal Stage ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

The effect of biosynthetic human epidermal growth factor (Bh-EGF) as well as mouse EGF on postnatal development of mice of ICR strain was examined. Daily administration of Bh-EGF (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 microgram X g body wt-1 X day-1) for 30 consecutive days postpartum caused a clearly dose-dependent increase in their body weight. Furthermore, in addition to the well-known premature eyelid opening and early tooth eruption, we have also observed precocious opening of the vagina among treated females. As far as the accelerated growth rate as reflected in their body weight gain was concerned, daily administration for only five consecutive days postpartum was just as effective as the above noted 30 consecutive daily injections. As to the precocious vaginal opening, however, the susceptible 5-day-period was found to be 14-18 days after the parturition. Some of those treated females also entered the estrous cycle precociously, a few days after the precocious opening of their vagina. The microscopic examination of various organs from treated males and females revealed no apparent pathological changes. As far as the above noted effects of EGF were concerned, Bh-EGF, which is xenogenic to mice, was as potent as mouse EGF.

scholarly journals Antiurolithiatic Activity of Extract and Oleanolic Acid Isolated from the Roots of Lantana camara on Zinc Disc Implantation Induced Urolithiasis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Vyas ◽  
Ameeta Argal
Keyword(s):  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wistar Male Rats

The present study was done to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of ethanolic extract of roots (ELC 200 mg/kg) and oleanolic acid (OA 60 mg/kg, O.A. 80 mg/kg, O.A. 100 mg/kg) isolated from roots of Lantana camara in albino wistar male rats using zinc disc implantation induced urolithiatic model. The group in which only zinc disc was implanted without any treatment showed increase in calcium output (23  ± 2.7 mg/dL). Cystone receiving animals showed significant protection from such change (P<0.01). Treatment with OA and ELC significantly reduced the calcium output at a dose of OA 60 mg/kg (P<0.01), OA 80 mg/kg (P<0.01), ELC 200 mg/kg (P<0.01), and OA 100 mg/kg (P<0.001), as compared with zinc disc implanted group. The average weight of zinc discs along with the deposited crystals in the only disc implanted group was found to be 111±8.6 mg. Group that received Cystone 500 mg/kg showed significant reduction in the depositions (P<0.001). Similarly, the rats which received OA and ELC showed reduced formation of depositions around the zinc disc (P<0.001). The X-ray images of rats also showed significant effect of OA and ELC on urolitiasis. Thus, OA and ELC showed promising antiurolithiatic activity in dose dependant manner.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effects of an Oral Ghrelin Agonist in Healthy Subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1814-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Piccoli ◽  
Lukas Degen ◽  
Carol MacLean ◽  
Shajan Peter ◽  
Luisa Baselgia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Oral Formulation ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretagogue ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Male Subjects

Abstract Context: An oral formulation of EP01572, a peptidomimetic growth hormone secretagogue, was studied. An oral delivery system would be preferable in many of the possible therapeutic indications of ghrelin agonists such as EP01572. Objectives: Our objective was to establish the pharmacological profile and the GH-releasing activity of increasing oral doses of EP01572 in healthy volunteers. In addition, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects of EP01572 were investigated after intraduodenal (ID) administration. Setting: This study was a single-center escalating dose study with oral and ID applications. Subjects and Methods: In the first part, EP01572 was given orally to 36 male subjects; the treatment consisted of one oral dose of either EP01572 or placebo (0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 mg/kg body weight). Six subjects received two additional oral doses of EP01572: 0.125 and 0.25 mg/kg body weight. In the second part, the following treatments were performed in a randomized order: 1) administration of a bolus of saline (placebo) to the small intestine; 2) ID administration of a bolus of EP01572 at 0.2 mg/kg body weight; 3) ID perfusion of a bolus of EP01572 at 0.35 mg/kg body weight; and 4) ID perfusion of a bolus of EP01572 at 0.5 mg/kg body weight. Results: The oral and ID administration of EP01572 induced a rapid and dose-dependent increase in plasma drug concentrations and a potent GH release in healthy male volunteers. Conclusions: This study showed that EP01572 was active with regard to stimulation of GH release in humans after oral and ID administration.

Serotonin stimulates prolactin secretion in the hypophysectomized adenohypophyseal grafted rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Stobie ◽  
S. H. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Plasma Prl ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract. Normal male, oestrogen (E2) primed male and hypophysectomized adenohypophyseal grafted male rats (HAG rats) were used in the experiments. Serotonin creatinine sulphate was injected as a bolus via an indwelling atrial cannula in the conscious free moving rat. Serotonin caused a dose-dependent increase in plasma prolactin (Prl) in normal (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg serotonin) and E2 primed (1 and 3 mg/kg serotonin) male rats that began immediately after injection and reached a peak within 12–15 min of injection. Oestrogen priming significantly increased the magnitude of the response to serotonin. To analyze the site of action of serotonin in the rat, serotonin (1 mg/kg) was injected into HAG rats. Serotonin increased plasma Prl in this rat preparation, indicating that serotonin acts directly on the ectopic pituitary.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Aqueous Leaf Extract ofCardiospermum halicacabum(L.) on Fertility of Male Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dinithi. C. Peiris ◽  
M. A. T. Dhanushka ◽  
T. A. H. D. G. Jayathilake
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

Treatment with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract (ALE) ofCardiospermum halicacabumfor 30 days produced a significant dose dependent increase in the sperm counts and sperm motility in both caput and cauda regions. Further, significant increase in serum testosterone level was evident at all applied doses. However, no significant changes in the weight of sex organs were observed. Aqueous leaf extract also increased the number of females impregnated, number of implantations, and number of viable fetuses while decreasing the total number of resorption sites in the pregnant females. However, the total cholesterol level in the serum remained unchanged and there were no records on renotoxicity; nevertheless ALE exhibited a hepatoprotective effect. It was concluded that aqueous leaf extract ofCardiospermum halicacabumenhanced sperm concentration, motility, and testosterone, leading to positive results in fertility.

Evaluation of Antiasthmatic Activity of Murraya Koenigii L. Leaves

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-293
Author(s):  
Jitendra Singh Rathore ◽  
Umesh Gilhotra
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present investigation was designed to evaluate the anti-asthmatic activity of ethanolic extract of Murraya Koenigii Leaves in experimental animals. Murraya Koenigii Leaves was evaluated for anti-histaminic activity using isolated Guinea pig tracheal chain preparation, histamine induced Bronchoconstriction in Guinea pig and milk induced leucocytosis in mice. Ethanolic extract of Murraya Koenigii Leaves oral dose 400mg/kg body weight significantly inhibited dose dependent contraction of Guinea pig tracheal chain produced by histamine and also showed significant protection by prolonging PreConvulsion Dyspnoea time (PCT) in guinea pigs. Murraya Koenigii Leaves was evaluated by milk induced leucocytosis in mice showed significant decreased of total leukocyte count. Thus, Murraya Koenigii Leaves showed anti-allergic activity against histamine hence possesses potential role in the treatment of asthma.

scholarly journals Effects of enoxaparin on the healing of abdominal wall in rats: study on breaking strength and histopatology

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
João Batista de Sousa ◽  
Luiz Guilherme C. V. Reys ◽  
Albino Verçosa de Magalhães ◽  
Francieli de Sousa Rabelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Median Laparotomy ◽  
Wistar Male Rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of enoxaparin on the abdominal wall healing. METHODS: Sixty Wistar male rats were randomly distributed into two experimental groups. Group E: consisted of 30 rats, submitted to abdominal suture and treated with enoxaparin in a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight, subcutaneously administered from immediate postoperative until the 7th day; Group C: consisted of 30 rats submitted to abdominal suture and treated with the equivalent dose per volume of NaCl 0.9%. The animals were submitted to median laparotomy and were operated again at the 3rd, 7th or 14th postoperative day for the resection of the anterior abdominal wall. The tissue's stretching resistance was tested and a histopathological evaluation was performed. Through Mann-Whitney's U test, a statistical analysis was conducted considering significant values for p <0.05. RESULTS: The tensile breaking strength presented a median of 0.64N for group C and 0.41N for group E (p=0.60) at the 3rd postoperative day; of 2.27N for group C and of 4.32N for group E (p=0.01) at the 7th POD; of 5.72N for group C and of 6.62N for group E (p=0.97) at the 14th POD. In relation to the histopathological study, the results did not show significant statistical differences, except for the amount of collagen at the 7th POD, which medians were 2 on group C and 1 on group E (p=0.007). CONCLUSION: Considering the conditions in which this study was conducted, the administration of enoxaparin led to an strengthening of the tissue's breaking resistance at the 7th POD; on the histopathological exam, a significant difference was observed at the 7th POD, with a better collagen disposition on group C.

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