Positive Greetings at the Door: Evaluation of a Low-Cost, High-Yield Proactive Classroom Management Strategy

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton R. Cook ◽  
Aria Fiat ◽  
Madeline Larson ◽  
Christopher Daikos ◽  
Tal Slemrod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Classroom Behavior ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Yield ◽  
School Students ◽  
Academic Engaged Time

Externalizing behavior is a significant concern among teachers. Teachers could benefit from incorporating proactive strategies to prevent problem behaviors and promote academic engagement as students transition into the classroom learning environment. The purpose of this study was to conduct an experimental investigation of the Positive Greetings at the Door (PGD) strategy to improve middle school students’ classroom behavior. Teachers were nominated by their principals for participation and then randomly assigned to the PGD or attention control condition. Observational data on academic engaged time and disruptive behavior were collected pre- and post-implementation. Results revealed that the PGD strategy produced significant improvements in academic engaged time and reductions in disruptive behavior. Moreover, results from a social validity questionnaire indicated that teachers found the PGD strategy to be feasible, reasonable, and acceptable. The limitations of this study and implications of these findings for teacher pre- and in-service trainings are discussed.

Middle School Teachers’ Perceptions of and Use of Classroom Management Strategies and Associations With Student Behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 106342662095762
Author(s):  
Allison Zoromski ◽  
Steven W. Evans ◽  
Julie Sarno Owens ◽  
Alex Holdaway ◽  
Angela S. Royo Romero
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Behavior Management ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
Classroom Behavior ◽  
Group Instruction ◽  
School Students ◽  
Disruptive Student Behavior ◽  
Task Behaviors

Disruptive student behavior in middle school is associated with negative outcomes including poor grades, low achievement scores, dropout, lost teaching time, teacher burnout, and societal expenditures. Classroom Behavior Management (CBM) strategies are effective at reducing disruptive behavior, decreasing teacher stress, and increasing achievement with elementary students, but less is known regarding these strategies for middle school students. The purpose of the current study was to assess (a) the rates of disruptive and on-task student behaviors in middle school classrooms, overall and by academic context including individual seatwork, group/partner work, small group instruction, and whole group instruction; (b) the rates of observed (appropriate and inappropriate commands, labeled and unlabeled praise, opportunities to respond; appropriate response to rule violations) and self-reported (appropriate commands, reprimands for inappropriate behavior, strategic ignoring, if/then contingencies, and send to principal’s office) CBM strategies; and (c) relationships between observed teacher strategy use and rates of disruptive and on-task behaviors. The results indicated that there was wide variability in teachers’ use of CBM strategies, their perceptions of the effectiveness of CBM strategies, and the frequency of disruptive student behavior. In addition, overall, teachers demonstrated low rates of appropriate responses to disruptive behavior. Notably, appropriate responses to disruptive behavior had the strongest association with total rates of disruptive and on-task behaviors. The implications of these findings for teacher training are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Implementation of a Preventive Program for Children in Brazilian Schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ribeiro Schneider ◽  
Ana Paula Dias Pereira ◽  
Joselaine Ida Cruz ◽  
Milene Strelow ◽  
Gail Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Behavior Management ◽  
Classroom Behavior ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Students ◽  
Preventive Program

Abstract The article discusses the pilot implementation of the evidence-based preventive program Good Behavior Game (GBG) in public schools in four Brazilian cities. GBG is a method for classroom behavior management by teachers, which aims at developing sociability among elementary school students between 6 and 10 years old. The objective of this study was to evaluate the program implementation process, focusing on the acceptability and perceived results by the professionals involved. Mixed methods were used, and data analysis was conducted using triangulation, including questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with 28 teachers, 9 school administrators, and 6 coaches. Data analysis was performed through descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis, according to the nature of data. GBG had a high acceptance among teachers and school administrators. Professionals highlighted the importance of stimulating teamwork, the systematic use of rewards, and the objectivity of classroom rules. Acceptability was attributed, in large part, to the effectiveness of the strategy for classroom management. Nevertheless, this study highlighted the need of adaptations to better reflect the Brazilian societal and economic context.

Observing the Interethnic Friendships in Elementary and Secondary Religion-Based School

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Classroom Context ◽  
Older Children ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Year ◽  
Interethnic Friendships ◽  
Level I

Friendships provide opportunities to build empathy and practice social skills. Being friends with ethnically diverse peers can create opportunities for academic and social learning different from the opportunities afforded by same-ethnic friendships. Through my observation, I had been finding that elementary and secondary school students are less likely to have friends of a different ethnic — even from the beginning to the end of a single school year, as they progress in school. My observation show that most childhood friendships are formed in classrooms, but children tend to form friendships with others of their own ethnicity, with interethnic friendships decreasing across ages and grades. The observation looked at student and classroom factors that affect the likelihood of children forming friendships across ethnic. On an individual or student level, I looked at age, ethnic, and psychosocial factors, including sociability, internalizing behavior (such as worrying or feeling sad) and externalizing behavior (such as acting out or getting in trouble). I also examined factors related to classroom context, including teacher support, whether teachers treat students with varying levels of academic achievement differently, and competition among students. Results suggest that same-ethnic friendships increase over the school year, with greater increases among white and older children. Externalizing behavior predicted a greater increase in same-ethnic friendships, particularly among ‘domestic’ (Javanese: ‘cah kene dewe’) students. Teachers and classroom context influenced student friendships in two different ways. It suggests that teachers may make a difference in how students select and maintain friends. Classroom support -- measured by student perceptions of teachers' warmth, respect, and trust -- predicted less of an increase in same-ethnic friendships from fall to spring. In last, my observation points to the need not just for diverse schools, but also for teachers to foster classrooms where students and teachers support one another, and social and academic hierarchies are not dominant, which could increase the likelihood of students developing and maintaining interethnic friendships.

Visible Light Assisted Hantzsch Reaction: Synthesis of Polycyclic Dihydropyridines

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 676-682
Author(s):  
Ankusab Noorahmadsab Nadaf ◽  
Kalegowda Shivashankar
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Short Reaction Time ◽  
Green Protocol ◽  
Dihydropyridine Derivatives

The polycyclic dihydropyridine nucleus represents the heterocyclic system of invaluable core motifs with wide applications in chemical, biological and physical properties. Although this kind of compounds have been extensively synthesized by other groups, the synthesis of these compounds under CFL light intensity were not explored. The synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives were achieved through the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate under CFL light irradiation conditions. A series of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives were prepared under CFL light irradiation conditions with high yield, short reaction time, ambient condition and without the use of catalyst. The results displayed an efficient method for the synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives. Clean profile, short reaction time, low cost and use of CFL light intensity instead of catalyst making it a genuinely green protocol.

Using Low Temperature, Cost-effective and Green Methods to Carbon Nanohorn Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Ali Hasani
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Reaction Field ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Graphite Rod

Background: Laser ablation method has high-yield and pure SWCNHs. On the other hand, arc discharge methods have low-cost production of SWCNHs. However, these techniques have more desirable features, they need special expertness to use high power laser or high current discharge that either of them produces very high temperature. As for the researches, the temperatures of these techniques are higher than 4727°C to vaporize the graphite. So, to become aware of the advantages of SWCNHs, it is necessary to find a new way to synthesize SWCNHs at a lower temperature. In other words, reaction field can be expandable at a moderate temperature. This paper reports a new way to synthesize SWCNHs at an extremely reduced temperature. Methods: According to this study, the role of N2 is the protection of the copper holder supporting the graphite rod by increasing heat transfer from the holder. After the current of 70 A was supplied to the system, the temperature of graphite rod was raised to 1600°C. It is obvious that this temperature is somehow higher than the melting point of palladium, 1555°C, and much lower than graphite melting point, 3497°C. Results: Based on the results, there are transitional precursors simultaneous with the SWCNHs. This composition can be created by distortion of the primary SWCNTs at the higher temperature. Subsequently, each SWCNTs have a tendency to be broken into individual horns. With increasing the concentration of the free horns, bud-like SWCNHs can be produced. Moreover, there are individual horns almost separated from the mass of single wall carbon nanohorns. This structure is not common in SWCNHs synthesized by the usual method such as arc discharge or laser ablation. Through these regular techniques, SWCNHs are synthesized as cumulative particles with diameters about 30-150 nm. Conclusion: A simple heating is needed for SWCNTs transformation to SWCNHs with the presence of palladium as catalyst. The well-thought-out mechanism for this transformation is that SWCNTs were initially changed to highly curled shape, and after that were formed into small independent horns. The other rout to synthesize SWCNHs is the pyrolysis of palm olein at 950°C with the assistance of zinc nitrate and ferrocene. Palm olein was used as a promising, bio-renewable and inexpensive carbon source for the production of carbon nanohorns.

The Iterative Development and Testing of an Interactive Mobile Application for Skill Retention of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Among High School Students: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 104687812110326
Author(s):  
Adeel Arif ◽  
Amber Arif ◽  
Kimberly Anne Fasciglione ◽  
Farrukh Nadeem Jafri
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
School Students ◽  
Skill Retention ◽  
Before And After

Abstract: Background Locations concentrated with High School (HS) students tend to have lower out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival rates. Mobile applications (apps) have the capability to augment cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skill retention as a low-cost, accessible training method. Methods An iterative process to develop an app to reinforce CPR skills emphasizing hand placement, compression rate, real-time feedback, and recurring tips is described. The app was tested on HS students to measure its impact on quality and comfort of CPR using Likert surveys and skills assessments before and after one month of usage. CPR Score and compression rate were measured using the Laerdal™ Little Anne Manikin QCPR software. Results Fourteen HS students participated in a prospective observational study. It was found that the use of the developed app was associated with improved CPR performance (80.43% v. 87.86%, p=0.01-0.02, 95% CI=2.20-12.66) after one month. Additionally, improvements were demonstrated in compression rate accuracy (21.43% v. 64.29%, p=0.041, 95% CI=0.132-0.725), increased comfort performing CPR (3.86 v. 4.79, p<0.001, 95% CI =0.99-1.00) and comfort performing CPR on strangers (2.71 v. 4.42, p<0.001, 95% CI=1.24-2.19). In addition, for every time the app was used, CPR performance increased by 0.5668% (p=0.0182). Conclusion Findings suggest that mobile apps may have promising implications as augmentative tools for CPR curriculums.

scholarly journals Generation of High-Yield, Functional Oligodendrocytes from a c-myc Immortalized Neural Cell Line, Endowed with Staminal Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Mafalda Giovanna Reccia ◽  
Floriana Volpicelli ◽  
Eirkiur Benedikz ◽  
Åsa Fex Svenningsen ◽  
Luca Colucci-D’Amato
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Differentiation Status

Neural stem cells represent a powerful tool to study molecules involved in pathophysiology of Nervous System and to discover new drugs. Although they can be cultured and expanded in vitro as a primary culture, their use is hampered by their heterogeneity and by the cost and time needed for their preparation. Here we report that mes-c-myc A1 cells (A1), a neural cell line, is endowed with staminal properties. Undifferentiated/proliferating and differentiated/non-proliferating A1 cells are able to generate neurospheres (Ns) in which gene expression parallels the original differentiation status. In fact, Ns derived from undifferentiated A1 cells express higher levels of Nestin, Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and glial fibrillary protein (GFAP), markers of stemness, while those obtained from differentiated A1 cells show higher levels of the neuronal marker beta III tubulin. Interestingly, Ns differentiation, by Epidermal Growth Factors (EGF) and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (bFGF) withdrawal, generates oligodendrocytes at high-yield as shown by the expression of markers, Galactosylceramidase (Gal-C) Neuron-Glial antigen 2 (NG2), Receptor-Interacting Protein (RIP) and Myelin Basic Protein (MBP). Finally, upon co-culture, Ns-A1-derived oligodendrocytes cause a redistribution of contactin-associated protein (Caspr/paranodin) protein on neuronal cells, as primary oligodendrocytes cultures, suggesting that they are able to form compact myelin. Thus, Ns-A1-derived oligodendrocytes may represent a time-saving and low-cost tool to study the pathophysiology of oligodendrocytes and to test new drugs.

High‐Yield and Low‐Cost Solar Water Purification via Hydrogel‐Based Membrane Distillation

2021 ◽  
pp. 2101036
Author(s):  
Hengyi Lu ◽  
Wen Shi ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
Peixin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Solar Water

scholarly journals Design of Low-Cost and High-Strength Titanium Alloys Using Pseudo-Spinodal Mechanism through Diffusion Couple Technology and CALPHAD

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2910
Author(s):  
Chaoyi Ding ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
Ligang Zhang ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Libin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Couple ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Cr System

The high cost of development and raw materials have been obstacles to the widespread use of titanium alloys. In the present study, the high-throughput experimental method of diffusion couple combined with CALPHAD calculation was used to design and prepare the low-cost and high-strength Ti-Al-Cr system titanium alloy. The results showed that ultra-fine α phase was obtained in Ti-6Al-10.9Cr alloy designed through the pseudo-spinodal mechanism, and it has a high yield strength of 1437 ± 7 MPa. Furthermore, application of the 3D strength model of Ti-6Al-xCr alloy showed that the strength of the alloy depended on the volume fraction and thickness of the α phase. The large number of α/β interfaces produced by ultra-fine α phase greatly improved the strength of the alloy but limited its ductility. Thus, we have demonstrated that the pseudo-spinodal mechanism combined with high-throughput diffusion couple technology and CALPHAD was an efficient method to design low-cost and high-strength titanium alloys.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document