Data-Informed and Place-Based Violent Crime Prevention: The Kansas City, Missouri Risk-Based Policing Initiative

2021 ◽  
pp. 109861112110032
Author(s):  
Joel M. Caplan ◽  
Leslie W. Kennedy ◽  
Grant Drawve ◽  
Jonas H. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Diffusion Of Benefits

The Kansas City, Missouri Police Department sought to reduce violent crime with an evidence-based approach to problem analysis and intervention planning. Informed by hot spot analysis and risk terrain modeling, police and their community partners implemented a place-based crime intervention program focused on key attractors and generators of the environmental backcloth. Target and comparison areas were selected for an outcome evaluation. During the 1-year program time period, violent crimes decreased significantly by over 22%. There was both a significant spatial diffusion of benefits and significantly fewer police officer-initiated actions resulting in arrests or citations. Crime prevention was achieved without an abundance of law enforcement actions against people located at the target areas. Implications for policy and practice are discussed within the contexts of police responses to urgent crime problems and data analytics.

Hot Spots Policing

Criminology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Kochel ◽  
Seyvan Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Situational Crime Prevention ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Hot Spots Policing ◽  
Diffusion Of Benefits ◽  
National Institute Of Justice

Since the 1980s, the nature of policing has expanded beyond a person-focused approach to include a location-based approach. Recently developed proactive policing strategies that are concerned with the geographic distribution and explanation of crime include hot spots policing and community policing, and oftentimes problem-oriented policing, broken windows policing, third-party policing, and focused deterrence strategies. Hot spots policing entails focusing police efforts at crime prevention in a very small geographic area where crime concentrates. This strategy is one of only a few policing strategies grounded in both theory and research. Crime concentrates at places even more than it concentrates in people. Research in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in the 1980s demonstrated that 60 percent of the crime occurs at 6 percent of places (see Sherman, et al. 1989, cited under Theory and Basis of Hot Spots Policing). Place-based theories about routine activities and rational choice have led to deterrence-based strategies such as directed patrol, crackdowns, and other traditional approaches to hot spots policing, as well as more community-oriented, problem-solving, and situational crime prevention approaches at crime hot spots. Hot spots policing is one of few areas in criminal justice research that has been tested using randomized controlled trials, a gold standard for research. Several systematic reviews suggest that focusing police efforts in a small geographic area reduces crime. Furthermore, research on displacement and diffusion of benefits suggests that hot spots policing does not merely geographically displace crime. In fact, nearby places may experience a diffusion of crime benefits. Only a few studies have examined the noncrime impacts of hot spots policing, but these suggest that it does not harm public perceptions of police and may even promote informal social control. Cost-effectiveness analyses have been partially used to assess the relative costs and outcomes of hot spot policing interventions. Additionally, existing research has suggested the crime harm index (CHI) for assessing the crime impact of hot spot policing interventions. Several data sources are available from past National Institute of Justice–funded studies on hot spots of crime and hot spots policing.

Evaluation of ‘the R-Model’ crisis intervention de-escalation training for law enforcement

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Peterson ◽  
James Densley ◽  
Gina Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Model Research ◽  
One Year

This study presents findings from a process and outcome evaluation of a custom crisis intervention and de-escalation training for law enforcement, delivered in-house to a suburban Minnesota police department (the R-Model: Research, Respond, Refer). Individual officer survey data showed the R-Model significantly decreased stigma and increased self-reported knowledge of mental health resources over baseline. Knowledge of resources held at the 4-month follow-up. One-year follow-up data at the agency level, showed decreases in the number of crisis calls for service and the number of repeat calls to the same addresses, even when compared to crisis call rates at similar police departments. Findings provide preliminary evidence that the R-Model may be an effective model that warrants additional study.

Gender-Responsive Intervention for Female Juvenile Offenders: A Quasi-Experimental Outcome Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie R. Anderson ◽  
Brinn M. Walerych ◽  
Nordia A. Campbell ◽  
Ashlee R. Barnes ◽  
William S. Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Group Home ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Home Treatment ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Female Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The increasing proportion of girls in the juvenile justice system has prompted courts to develop gender-responsive services. The present study examined data from a mid-sized county juvenile court to examine the effects of a group home intervention for girls. The study compared group home participants ( n = 172) with girls who did not receive group home treatment ( n = 814) using propensity score matching (PSM). Girls who received group home treatment were significantly less likely to re-offend in the 2-year follow-up period. Policy and practice implications for gender-responsive services as well as future directions for research are discussed.

Crime Mapping and Crime Analysis of Property Crimes in Jodhpur

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swikar Lama ◽  
Sikandar Singh Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Situational Crime Prevention ◽  
Crime Analysis ◽  
Crime Mapping ◽  
Property Crimes

AbstractThis study is based on crime mapping and crime analysis of property crimes in Jodhpur. The property crimes which were selected were house breaking, auto thefts and chain snatching. Data from police stations were used to generate the maps to locate hot spots of crimes. The profile of these hot spots was analyzed through observations supplemented with interviews of police officers and public 100 cases of house breaking and 100 cases of auto thefts were further analyzed to understand the contexts which lead to these crimes. These contexts are in consonance with situational crime prevention theories. This study may help to understand the environmental factors which may be responsible for certain places becoming hot spot areas of property crimes in Jodhpur.

Is a Decentralized Police Organization a Better Option in a Modern Democratic Society? A Case Study From South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 109861112110420
Author(s):  
Sungil Han ◽  
Jennifer LaPrade ◽  
EuiGab Hwang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Crime Clearance

While western countries have had a decentralized policing model for many years, some countries, such as South Korea, still employ a centralized, national police department. Responding to calls for reform, South Korea launched a pilot program and implemented a more decentralized policing structure in Jeju Island in 2006. This study adds to the policing literature by offering the empirical comparison of a region before and after decentralization of a police department. This study will examine the intervention effects of police decentralization in Jeju, specifically related to crime rates, crime clearance rates, victimization, trust in police, and fear of crime. Using propensity score matching and interrupted time series analysis, this study found that the decentralized policing intervention significantly reduced total crime, violent crime rates, and property crime rates that lasted throughout the intervention period, while improving crime clearance rates for violent crime, as well as reduced fear of crime among residents.

Analyzing The Violent Crime Patterns In Peninsular Malaysia : Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syerrina Zakaria ◽  
Nuzlinda Abd. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Violent Crime Rate

The objective of this study is to analyze the spatial cluster of crime cases in Peninsular Malaysia by using the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA). In order to identify and measure the spatial autocorrelation (cluster), Moran’s I index were measured. Based on the cluster analyses, the hot spot of the violent crime occurrence was mapped. Maps were constructed by overlaying hot spot of violent crime rate for the year 2001, 2005 and 2009. As a result, the hypothesis of spatial randomness was rejected indicating cluster effect existed in the study area. The findings reveal that crime was distributed nonrandomly, suggestive of positive spatial autocorrelation. The findings of this study can be used by the goverment, policy makers or responsible agencies to take any related action in term of crime prevention, human resource allocation and law enforcemant in order to overcome this important issue in the future. 

scholarly journals HATE CRIME PREVENTION PROGRAMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 081
Author(s):  
Darko Dimovski
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Human History ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Media

Hate crimes have existed throughout human history. Although in recent decades many countries have criminalized this form of violent crime in their legislation, few countries pay special attention to prevention measures aimed at countering hate crimes. In this paper, the author will present the hate crime prevention programs launched in the countries that have advanced most in the creation and implementation of such prevention measures. The first two parts of the paper are dedicated to the analysis of special hate crime prevention programs focusing on the perpetrator, while the third part presents the programs focusing on the potential victims. The last part of the paper discusses the role of the media as the bearers of hate crime prevention programs.

scholarly journals Illegal dumping and crime prevention: A case study of Ash Road, Liverpool Council

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Crofts ◽  
Tara Morris ◽  
Kim Wells ◽  
Alicia Powell
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Illegal Dumping ◽  
Illegal Waste Disposal ◽  
Illegal Waste ◽  
Sydney Australia

Illegal waste disposal is an increasingly significant and costly problem. This paper considers a specific hot-spot for illegal dumping in Sydney, Australia from criminological perspectives. We contribute to the developing criminological literature that considers environmental harms as a crime. This draws upon the symbolic aspect of criminal law, contributing to the notion of environmental harms as wrongs worthy of sanction, and facilitates analysis through the prism of criminological literature. We apply theories of crime prevention to the site and argue that these techniques of crime prevention would be cheaper and more effective long-term than current council responses of simply reacting to dumping after it has occurred.

An Exploratory Multilevel Analysis of Pedestrian Frisks in Philadelphia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-113
Author(s):  
Lance Hannon
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Stop And Frisk ◽  
Violent Crime Rate ◽  
Public Data ◽  
The Individual

The City of Philadelphia has faced significant litigation related to racial and ethnic disparities in stop-and-frisk practices. The Philadelphia Police Department has made much of its stop-and-frisk data publicly available in the name of transparency and to facilitate independent investigation (the data describe over 350,000 pedestrian stops with over 45,000 pedestrian frisks for 2014–2015). The current analysis made use of this public data set to explore whether the individual-level relationship between Black racial classification and being subjected to a frisk can be explained by associated neighborhood-level factors such as the violent crime rate. Additionally, the present analysis examined whether variation in the violent crime rate is similarly related to the likelihood of being frisked in predominantly Black versus non-Black areas and whether area racial composition affects the likelihood that an officer’s decision to frisk will be supported with uncovered contraband. The results were consistent with theories of neighborhood racial stigma. In particular, the violent crime rate was a significantly weaker predictor of being frisked in Black areas, and, net of a variety of factors at the individual and neighborhood levels, Black citizens and Black places experienced a disproportionate amount of frisks where no contraband was found or arrest made.

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